[HISTORY: Adopted by the Town Board of the Town of Haverstraw 8-13-1990 by L.L. No. 10-1990; amended in its entirety 2-23-2004 by L.L. No. 3-2004. Amendments noted where applicable.]
GENERAL REFERENCES
Electrical standards — See Ch. 76.
Flood damage prevention — See Ch. 87.
Wireless communication facilities — See Ch. 162.
Zoning — See Ch. 167.
Site development plans — See Ch. A173.
Subdivision of land — See Ch. A176.
It is the purpose of this chapter to establish minimum acceptable standards of construction in the Town of Haverstraw, including but not limited to width, design, drainage, construction of pavement, curbs, sidewalks, monuments, signs, lighting and fire hydrants.
Wherever reference is made to the Public Works Specifications of the State of New York, Department of Public Works, Division of Construction, the edition as amended shall be utilized.
A. 
Clearing shall consist of the removal and disposal of trees, branches, stumps, fences, debris and miscellaneous structures. No burning will be permitted and all material will be disposed of off-site except, when approved in writing by the Engineer and/or the Building Inspector, disposal in an on-site location may be permitted subject to the preparation of the area to receive the cleared material and placement of earth on top of the material, as directed. Under no circumstances is disposal to be made at a location which is designated to be built upon, or within 20 feet thereof, or in a swamp or wetland.
B. 
Where trees or existing roots/stumps shall be grubbed, excavated and removed from the area above, applicant's attention is called to § A176-17A(6)(d), which requires the depiction of existing wooded areas or trees six inches or more in diameter, measured four feet above ground level," to be presented to the Planning Board at the sketch plat stage. Removal of any tree not designated by the Planning Board to be removed shall require the applicant, for each tree so removed, to place $500 in an account established by the Town solely for replacement tree planting. The use of bulldozers or similar large equipment, rather than the use of a chainsaw, to remove trees may result in a significant loss of trees proposed to remain.
C. 
Grading shall be in accordance with the grading plan as approved by the Planning Board. In general, areas adjacent to buildings shall be sloped to direct surface water, including snowmelt, away from the buildings. Adjacent areas shall have adequate, continuous slopes to drain toward watercourses, drainage swales and roadways.
D. 
Except for approved subdivisions and site plans, any proposal to remove a tree measuring three or more inches, four feet above the original ground surface, and/or placement or removal of fill in excess of 500 cubic yards, and/or the construction of a retaining wall more than three feet in height from the highest adjacent ground level, and/or the creation of slope 20% or greater shall require written approval from the Building Inspector.
The placement of fill, for any purpose whatsoever, is deemed to be the setting of material on top of an existing surface which results in a change in elevation of the surface upon which the fill has been placed.
A. 
Material. All material utilized for fill purposes shall be free of any and all foreign items, including, but not limited to, vegetation, bricks, concrete and other masonry materials, rock, wood, including tree stumps and branches, wall coverings, plaster, drywall, plumbing fixtures, insulation, roofing shingles, asphaltic pavement, electric wiring, metals, brush and grass clippings, glass, containers utilized for the holding of liquids, hazardous liquids, materials which may be considered infectious or biohazardous originating from hospitals, public or private clinics, research laboratories, pharmaceutical industries, blood banks, mortuaries, veterinary facilities and other similar facilities, animal carcasses, and similar materials.
B. 
Specific uses. Fill placed for specific purposes such as for public or private roads, subbase course, driveways, sidewalks, under foundations and slabs and at all other locations where the material is to be used for structural support, in addition to Subsection A, above, shall conform to the type, gradation, method of placement and compaction as specified in the Land Use Regulations of the Town of Haverstraw. Nothing shall be installed on top of the fill placed until approval is obtained from the Town Engineer and/or the Superintendent of Highways.
C. 
Nonstructural uses. Where the fill material is to be utilized solely for the purpose of grading, it may contain stone having a maximum dimension of four inches.
D. 
Off-site material. Prior to having any off-site material delivered to the construction area, the Town Engineer and/or the Superintendent of Highways and/or the Building Inspector shall be advised as to the name and location of the material source and, if required by the Town Engineer and/or the Superintendent of Highways and/or the Building Inspector, a certification prepared by the supplier shall be given indicating that the material to be delivered complies with Subsections A and B above.
The Town of Haverstraw Planning Board shall determine and designate into which of the five following classifications each proposed street falls:
A. 
Local street: a street whose prime function is to give direct access to abutting residential property.
B. 
Collector street: a street which collects the traffic generated by local streets and serves as a means of access from development areas to the secondary road system.
C. 
Private roads serving subdivisions of not more than three lots.
D. 
Key roads. A "key road" is a private street serving as the primary access through a multifamily residential development, a shopping center, an office development, an industrial development or other such development.
E. 
Private parking lots for multifamily residential developments, shopping centers, office developments, industrial developments and other such developments.
A. 
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (at the end of this chapter) show cross sections of each of the five classifications of streets. In addition, the figures give the required design dimensions and construction details which are applicable to a particular classification.
B. 
Hereafter are set forth the general and more detailed specifications for design and construction applicable to all streets and other site improvements.
C. 
The developer shall design and construct streets and other site improvements which shall conform to both the specific and the general specifications.
D. 
The plat and/or site plat shall depict a cross-section of the proposed streets and shall indicate which classification applies to which of the proposed streets as determined by the Planning Board. One section is sufficient, provided dimensions, thickness and type of material are shown for each applicable classification.
E. 
The term "certification" as used throughout this section shall be deemed to mean certification to the Town of Haverstraw by a New York State licensed professional engineer, testing laboratory, supplier or other applicable entity.
A. 
Phase I. The developer shall establish and clearly mark on site the limits of road rights-of-way and/or easements, the center line and grades of the road pavement and the location and elevation of drainage and drainage structures in accordance with the approved plans. Such markers shall be maintained at the developer's expense until the construction of drainage, road pavement, curbs, sidewalks and shoulders has been completed, inspected and approved by the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways.
B. 
Phase II.
(1) 
The developer shall clear the entire area within the limits of:
(a) 
The road right-of-way;
(b) 
Stream channels and ditches; and
(c) 
Easements areas.
(2) 
All roots and stumps shall be grubbed, excavated and removed from the above areas.
(3) 
The developer shall complete the shaping of the road right-of-way, streams and ditches and easement areas to the line and grade as shown on the approved plan and as otherwise may be directed by the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways. All unsuitable or unstable materials shall be completely excavated and removed from the right-of-way, and all rocks or boulders larger than six inches in diameter shall be excavated at least eight inches below the finished subgrade of road pavement, drainage or drainage structures, curbs and/or sidewalks and shall be replaced with a nonplastic selected material of a granular nature to a depth of at least six inches or as otherwise directed by the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways and shall be thoroughly compacted.
(4) 
The installation of all sewers, stormwater drainage and other utilities shall be made prior to placing the first pavement course.
(5) 
Where fills are necessary to complete the required line and grade or to backfill trenches or other excavation, the materials incorporated in the work shall be acceptable to the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways and shall be placed in layers not exceeding eight inches in depth. Each layer shall be thoroughly compacted by rolling a three-wheel, sheepsfoot, pneumatic-tired or padded-wheel roller or by impact rammer or vibratory equipment. All compaction shall continue until the fills are firm and unyielding. All work shall be certified by a New York state licensed professional engineer.
(6) 
Prior to placing the first pavement course, the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways shall inspect the completed subgrade, and if any unstable areas are found or observed under rolling, the material shall be removed and replaced with an acceptable material and thoroughly compacted to a depth satisfactory to the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways.
(7) 
The rough grade of the road pavement, curb and sidewalk areas shall be completed to within a tolerance of one inch of finished subgrade as shown on the approved cross section of the right-of-way improvement.
(8) 
Construction of road pavement, development of shoulders and drainage as herein specified shall be under the direction of the developer's engineer and to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways in accordance with the approval plans.
(9) 
The soil erosion control plan shall be implemented and maintained by the developer during the entire course of development of the streets and public easements in accordance with the New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and Sediment Control, also commonly referred to as the "Blue Book" and as amended and adopted by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.
C. 
Phase III.
(1) 
Prior to the issuance of a building permit for any lot (except that building permits may be issued for up to two model homes), the developer shall complete the clearing and grubbing, excavation, filling, rough grading and storm drainage both within the development and the required off-site improvements, as approved by the Planning Board. Such work shall be completed for all road rights-of-way fronting and drainage easements serving such lot and extending from existing improved right-of-way and easements up to and including the last lots upon which a building permit is requested to be issued. In addition, the developer shall construct the subbase and base courses to the full design widths of street pavement in order to assure suitable access by fire, police, ambulance and other emergency vehicles to sites of actual building construction. For subdivisions or site development plans which are to be built in two or more phases, this regulation shall be applicable with respect to each separate phase of the project.
(2) 
Prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy for a structure on any lot not fronting on an improved public street, the developer shall complete: storm drainage, curbs, sidewalks, sanitary sewer construction within either the right-of-way or any easements affecting that lot and all rights-of-way between that lot and the existing improved public street. The developer shall have installed all utilities, including house connections and streetlighting, in such right-of-way. In addition, the developer shall fine-grade and construct all asphaltic concrete binder courses to the full design widths of street pavement.
(3) 
No more than 10% of the building permits, and no less than one lot, which shall be comprised of lots designated by the applicant prior to final approval, except for footing and foundations, shall be issued until all on-site and off-site improvements have been offered for dedication and accepted by the Town of Haverstraw, except that building permits my be issued if all other required improvements are completed and accepted after posting of cash to cover the cost of the final road wearing course.
A. 
Design. The storm drains shall be designed on a twenty-five-year frequency storm. In cases where stormwater runoff presents a danger to life, limb or structures or where required by the Planning Board, stormwater drainage shall be designed on a one-hundred-year frequency storm. All storm drainage systems shall be designed by a New York State licensed professional engineer. Storm drainage plans shall contain the engineer's signature and seal. Plans shall show energy gradients and water surface profiles. Drainage pipe shall be designed to maintain a minimum water velocity of two feet per second, but not more than 12 feet per second. Full computation for all of the above shall be submitted.
B. 
Excavation, laying and backfilling.
(1) 
The widths of the trench in which the pipe is placed shall be sufficient to permit thorough tamping of the backfill under the haunches and around the pipe. Where rock in either boulder or ledge formation is encountered, it shall be removed below grade and replaced with suitable materials in such a manner as to provide an earth cushion having a thickness under the pipe of not less than eight inches. Where there are excessively heavy fills over the top of the pipe, the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways may specify that an earth cushion up to 1/2 inch in thickness per foot of fill be placed over the top of the pipe.
(2) 
In no case shall the top of any drainage pipe be less than 18 inches below the finished grade of the pavement. Where soft, spongy or other unstable soil is encountered at the grade established, all such unstable soil under the pipe and for a width of one inch diameter on each side of the pipe shall be removed and replaced with one-half-inch crushed stone or other material found acceptable to the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways. In all cases the bed shall be thoroughly compacted and shall provide a firm foundation for the pipe.
(3) 
Pipe shall be laid to true line and grade on the prepared bed of the trench. All connections for making field joints in corrugated metal pipe shall consist of corrugated metal bands so constructed as to lap on equal portions of each of the culvert sections to be connected. All joints in making field connections of reinforced concrete pipe shall be filled with portland cement mortar.
(4) 
Any additional drainage facilities not shown on the approved plan and which may be ordered by the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways shall be constructed by the developer at the developer's expense and in accordance with these specifications.
C. 
Pipe. Storm drain and culvert pipe shall be reinforced concrete, corrugated metal, corrugated aluminum or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in accordance with the specifications contained below, and with a minimum diameter of 18 inches, unless otherwise called for and approved by the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways.
(1) 
Reinforced concrete pipe shall conform to the standard specifications for reinforced concrete culvert pipe adopted by the American Society for Testing and Materials and designated as C 76-59T Class III and shall be manufactured with slip joints or bell and spigot joints. Each piece shall be marked with the specification number and the date of manufacture.
(2) 
All corrugated metal pipe shall be fully paved and coated.
(3) 
Round corrugated aluminum pipe shall conform to Item 11L and oblate corrugated aluminum pipe shall conform to Item 11LA of Part III of the Public Works Specifications of the State of New York, Department of Public Works, Division of Construction.
(4) 
All high-density polyethylene pipe shall conform to AASHTO Specifications M252 and M294.
D. 
Catch basins, precast.
(1) 
The following specifications and drawings (see Figure 7 at end of chapter) show the minimum acceptable construction standards for typical precast catch basins and curb inlets. Whenever, in the opinion of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways, ground conditions or other circumstances require it, larger or heavier materials, additional materials, reinforcing or other modifications and improvements in design and construction shall be made as directed by the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways at any time prior to paving.
(2) 
Catch basins shall be located at all points of change of slope or alignment and at all junction points. At no time shall catch basins be spaced farther apart than 300 feet on slopes of less than 3%, 250 feet on slopes from 3% to 6%, and 200 feet on slopes over 6%. The design of drainage improvements at street intersections shall be prepared and shown at a scale of one inch equals 10 feet. When directed by the Town Engineer and/or the Superintendent of Highways, in order to ensure the complete trapping of runoff, double catch basin heads may be required and catch basin throats shall be modified to accommodate double heads.
(3) 
Holes for catch basins shall be excavated to a depth of 35 inches below the designated elevation of the invert of the effluent pipe. Three-fourths-inch crushed stone shall be laid in the hole to a uniform depth of nine inches, leveled and compacted over the entire area under the base. On the stone or gravel shall be placed the precast basin.
E. 
Catch basins, field-constructed.
(1) 
The following specifications and drawings (see Figure 8 at end of chapter) show the minimum acceptable construction standards for field-constructed catch basins and curb inlets. Whenever, in the opinion of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways, ground conditions or other circumstances require it, larger or heavier materials, additional materials, reinforcing or other modifications and improvements in design and construction shall be made as directed by the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways at any time prior to paving.
(2) 
Catch basins shall be constructed at all points of change of slope or alignment and at all junction points. At no time shall catch basins be spaced farther apart than 300 feet on slopes of less than 3%, 250 feet on slopes from 3% to 6%, and 200 feet on slopes over 6%. The design of drainage improvements at street intersections shall be prepared and shown at a scale of one inch equals 10 feet.
(3) 
Holes for catch basins shall be excavated to a depth of 35 inches below the designated elevation of the invert of the effluent pipe. Three-fourths-inch crushed stone shall be laid in the hole to a uniform depth of nine inches, leveled and compacted over the entire area under the base. On the stone or gravel shall be laid an eight-inch-thick slab of four-thousand-pounds-per-square-inch concrete. The slab shall extend four inches beyond the outside of the walls of the catch basin on every side. The slab shall be smooth and level. Through the center of the slab there shall be an opening for drainage one square foot in area, which shall be protected and kept clean of concrete, mortar or other obstructing materials during construction.
(4) 
Walls.
(a) 
To a maximum depth of five feet below the finished surface, the catch basin walls shall be constructed of solid concrete catch basin corner and stretcher blocks six inches thick, similar or equal to those in the Building Code of New York State, Chapter 21, Masonry.
(b) 
From five feet to a maximum depth of 10 feet below the finished surface, the walls shall be constructed of solid concrete catch basin corner and stretcher blocks eight inches thick, similar or equal to those in the Building Code of New York State, Chapter 21, Masonry.
(c) 
Below 10 feet from the finished surface, the catch basin walls shall be a minimum of 12 inches thick and shall be constructed of solid concrete catch basin corner and stretcher blocks 12 inches thick or a double thickness of solid concrete catch basin corner and stretcher blocks eight inches thick, similar or equal to those in the Building Code of New York State, Chapter 21, Masonry.
(d) 
All blocks forming the catch basin walls shall be laid up with mortar composed of portland cement and mortar sand conforming to the Building Code of New York State, Chapter 21, Masonry.
(e) 
Inside dimensions of the catch basin shall remain constant from top to bottom and shall match the frame opening of the curb inlet to be used.
F. 
Installation of pipes into catch basins.
(1) 
Concrete blocks around all pipes entering or leaving catch basins shall be cut to fit the contours of the pipes as closely as possible. Remaining voids shall be solidly filled with mortar for the full thickness of the wall. Ends of the pipes shall be cut off flush with the inside surfaces of the catch basin walls.
(2) 
When the diameter of the effluent pipe is greater than that of an influent pipe, the elevation of the crown of the influent pipe shall be no lower than the elevation of the crown of the effluent pipe.
(3) 
When the diameter of the effluent pipe is the same as or smaller than that of the influent pipe, the elevation of the invert of the influent pipe shall be no lower than the elevation of the invert of the effluent pipe. In no case shall the crown of any influent pipe be more than five feet above the invert of the effluent pipe.
G. 
Curb inlets.
(1) 
All catch basins shall be capped with curb inlets having a minimum frame opening of 30 inches by 48 inches. Curb inlets shall be similar or equal to either Campbell Foundry Company Pattern No. 2501, Campbell Foundry Company Pattern No. 2541 (Stream Flow Grating) or as otherwise approved by the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways. Attention is called to the possibility of requiring double catch basin heads per Subsection D(2).
(2) 
Curb inlets shall be installed so that the top of the grating is two inches below the finished grade and the pavement shall be sloped toward the inlet as shown on Figures 7 and 8 at the end of this chapter.
(3) 
Curb-front openings on all curb inlets shall have, centered in the opening, a solid horizontal bar to prevent the ingress of small children. This bar shall be one made by the Campbell Foundry or equal and shall be bolted to the frame of the catch basin. A curb box with a small opening may be used on flat street grades.
H. 
Steps. Catch basins having a depth greater than 48 inches from the finished surface to the top of the concrete base shall be provided with steps. Steps shall be of wrought iron having a minimum diameter of 3/4 inch, which shall be hot-bent to shape and hot-dipped galvanized after bending. They shall be solidly set in the masonry at the time of construction and shall extend all the way through the wall. The steps shall extend 4 1/2 inches inside the wall of the catch basin. The top step shall be not more than 18 inches below the finished surface and thence to the base steps shall be no more than 18 inches apart.
A. 
Fine grading.
(1) 
Before fine-grading or construction of curbs and sidewalks is started, all storm and sanitary sewers and all utilities, including house connections and hydrants, shall have been installed and all fill and backfill shall have been thoroughly compacted to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways.
(2) 
After completion of the rough grade and prior to the laying of the subbase course, the subgrade shall be shaped to line and grade and thoroughly compacted with an approved self-propelled roller weighing not less than 10 tons. All hollows and depressions which develop under rolling shall be filled with acceptable granular material and again rolled. This process shall be continued until no depressions develop. The fine grade shall not extend more than 1/2 inch below finished subgrade and shall not be muddy or otherwise unsatisfactory when the subbase course is laid upon it.
(3) 
Any soft or unstable portions of the subgrade which develop under the roller shall be completely excavated and removed from the rights-of-way and shall be replaced with acceptable granular material and the area regraded and compacted as set forth above.
(4) 
Fine-grade shall conform to the prescribed width of pavement and shall be equidistant from the center line of the road right-of-way and shall conform to the typical cross section of the road pavement and to the approved line and grade.
(5) 
Upon completion of the fine grading and prior to the construction of the required subbase course, certification shall be submitted that the fine grading conforms to the requirements of § A172-7A, Fine grading.
B. 
Subbase course.
(1) 
After fine grading has been completed in accordance with these specifications and to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways, the subbase course conforming to and as shown on Figures 1 and 2 (at the end of this chapter) shall be constructed.
(2) 
The developer shall construct a subbase course of sand, gravel and stone conforming to the current specifications of the New York State Department of Public Works section for Item 304.02.
(3) 
The depth of the subbase course for local streets shall be four inches, whereas for collector streets the depth shall be six inches.
(4) 
The subbase course shall be shaped to line and grade and thoroughly compacted with an approved self-propelled roller weighing not less than 10 tons. All hollows and depressions which develop under rolling shall be filled with acceptable granular material and again rolled. This process shall be continued until no depressions develop.
(5) 
The subbase course shall conform to the prescribed width of pavement and shall be equidistant from the center line of the road right-of-way and shall conform to the typical cross section of the road pavement and to the approved line and grade.
(6) 
Upon completion of the subbase course and prior to the construction of the required base course, certification shall be submitted that the subbase course conforms to the requirements of § A172-7B, Subbase course.
C. 
Base course. After the subbase course has been completed as the applicable sections of these specifications dictate and to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways, the base course conforming to and as shown on Figures 1 and 2 (at the end of this chapter) shall be constructed.
(1) 
Asphaltic concrete base course. The developer shall construct a base course of asphaltic concrete conforming to the current specifications of the New York State Department of Public Works for Item 403.11 bottom course asphaltic concrete Type 1A, as amended from time to time. It shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader equipped with tamping bars and heating unit of sufficient depth to provide a finished compacted thickness, after rolling, of four inches as shown in Figures 1 and 2 (at the end of this chapter) of these specifications. The base course material shall be thoroughly rolled with a ten-ton steel wheel or vibratory roller.
(2) 
Asphalt concrete base course may be opened to traffic until just prior to dedication of the road right-of-way to the Town. Construction of binder and wearing surface will be permitted only after the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways has been satisfied that construction traffic has been substantially completed and that all utilities were installed and are in satisfactory service.
(3) 
Upon completion of the base course and prior to the construction of the required binder course, certification shall be submitted that the binder course conforms to the requirements of § A172-7C, Base course.
D. 
Binder course.
(1) 
After the subbase and base courses have been completed to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways, a two-inch binder course (Type 3) shall be constructed conforming to the New York State Department of Transportation Specifications for Item 403.13 asphalt concrete, as shown on Figures 1 and 2 (at the end of this chapter).
(2) 
The base course shall be thoroughly cured and cleaned of all foreign material before the binder course is uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader with tamping bars and heating unit in sufficient depth as to provide a finished compacted thickness, after rolling, of not less than two inches. The course in place shall be thoroughly rolled with a ten-ton steel wheel or vibratory roller.
(3) 
Upon completion of the binder course and prior to the construction of the required wearing surface, certification shall be submitted that the binder course conforms to the requirements of § A172-7D, Binder course.
E. 
Wearing surface.
(1) 
When directed by the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways and after the binder course, concrete curbs, sidewalks, drainage, all utilities, etc., have been completed, the binder course shall be thoroughly cleaned of foreign material and a tack coat of asphalt emulsion applied to the surface at the rate of 1/10 to 1/20 gallon per square yard; a final wearing course of fine bituminous concrete conforming to the New York State Department of Transportation Specifications for Item 403.17 (Type 6F) shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader equipped with tamping bars and heating unit and in sufficient depth as to provide a finished compacted thickness, after rolling, of not less than 1 1/2 inches. The final wearing course in place shall be thoroughly compacted with a two- or three-wheel tandem roller weighing approximately 10 tons.
(2) 
Extreme care shall be exercised in the placing of bituminous concrete to ensure that all longitudinal joints shall be lapped in the placing of adjoining strips and that all lateral joints are trimmed before continuing with the placing of additional materials on that strip as shown in Figure 9 (at the end of this chapter).
(3) 
Upon completion of the wearing surface, certification shall be submitted that the wearing surface conforms to the requirements of § A172-7E, Wearing surface.
F. 
Certifications shall indicate the cubic yards of base, binder and wearing course installed on the project. When directed by the Town Engineer and/or the Superintendent of Highways, core samples shall be taken and submitted for approval.
A. 
Fine grading.
(1) 
Before fine-grading or construction of curbs and sidewalks is started, all storm and sanitary sewers and all utilities, including house connections and hydrants, shall have been installed and all fill and backfill shall have been thoroughly compacted to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways.
(2) 
After completion of the rough grade and prior to the laying of the subbase course, the subgrade shall be shaped to line and grade and thoroughly compacted with an approved self-propelled roller weighing not less than 10 tons. All hollows and depressions which develop under rolling shall be filled with acceptable granular material and again rolled. This process shall be continued until no depressions develop. The fine-grade shall not extend more than 1/2 inch below finished subgrade and shall not be muddy or otherwise unsatisfactory when the subbase course is laid upon it.
(3) 
Any soft or unstable portions of the subgrade which develop under the roller shall be completely excavated and removed from the rights-of-way and shall be replaced with acceptable granular material and the area regraded and compacted as set forth above.
(4) 
Fine-grade shall conform to the prescribed width of pavement and shall be equidistant from the center line of the road right-of-way and shall conform to the typical cross section of the road pavement and to the approved line and grade.
(5) 
Upon completion of the fine grading and prior to the construction of the required subbase course, certification shall be submitted that the fine grading course conforms to the requirements of § A172-8A, Fine grading.
B. 
Subbase course.
(1) 
After fine grading has been completed in accordance with these specifications and to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways, the subbase course conforming to and as shown on Figure 3 (at the end of this chapter) shall be constructed.
(2) 
The developer shall construct a subbase course of sand, gravel and stone conforming to the current specifications of the New York State Department of Public Works section for Item 304.02.
(3) 
The depth of the subbase course for private roads shall be four inches.
(4) 
The subbase course shall be shaped to line and grade and thoroughly compacted with an approved self-propelled roller weighing not less than 10 tons. All hollows and depressions which develop under rolling shall be filled with acceptable granular material and again rolled. This process shall be continued until no depressions develop.
(5) 
The subbase course shall conform to the prescribed width of pavement and shall be equidistant from the center line of the road right-of-way and shall conform to the typical cross section of the road pavement and to the approved line and grade.
(6) 
Upon completion of the subbase course and prior to the construction of the required binder course, certification shall be submitted that the subbase course conforms to the requirements of § A172-8B, Subbase course.
C. 
Base course. No base course is required for private roads.
D. 
Binder course.
(1) 
After the subbase course has been completed to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways, a three-inch binder course (Type 3) shall be constructed conforming to the New York State Department of Transportation Specifications for Item 403.13 asphalt concrete, as shown on Figure 3 (at the end of this chapter).
(2) 
The subbase course shall be cleaned of all foreign material before the binder course is uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader with tamping bars and heating unit in sufficient depth as to provide a finished compacted thickness, after rolling, of not less than three inches. The course in place shall be thoroughly rolled with a ten-ton steel wheel or vibratory roller.
(3) 
Upon completion of the binder course and prior to the construction of the required wearing course, certification shall be submitted that the binder course conforms to the requirements of § A172-8D, Binder course.
E. 
Wearing surface.
(1) 
When directed by the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways and after the binder course, concrete curbs, sidewalks, drainage, all utilities, etc., have been completed, the binder course shall be thoroughly cleaned of foreign material and a tack coat of asphalt emulsion applied to the surface at the rate of 1/10 to 1/20 gallon per square yard; a final wearing course of fine bituminous concrete conforming to the New York State Department of Transportation Specifications for Item 403.17 (Type 6F) shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader equipped with tamping bars and heating unit and in sufficient depth as to provide a finished compacted thickness, after rolling, of not less than 1 1/2 inches. The final wearing course in place shall be thoroughly compacted with a two- or three-wheel tandem roller weighing approximately 10 tons.
(2) 
Extreme care shall be exercised in the placing of bituminous concrete to ensure that all longitudinal joints shall be lapped in the placing of adjoining strips and that all lateral joints are trimmed before continuing with the placing of additional materials on that strip as shown in Figure 9 (at the end of this chapter).
(3) 
Upon completion of the wearing surface, certification shall be submitted that the wearing surface conforms to the requirements of § A172-8E, Wearing surface.
F. 
Certifications shall indicate the cubic yards of base, binder and wearing course installed on the project. When directed by the Town Engineer and/or the Superintendent of Highways, core samples shall be taken and submitted for approval.
A. 
Fine grading.
(1) 
Before fine-grading or construction of curbs and sidewalks is started, all storm and sanitary sewers and all utilities, including house connections and hydrants, shall have been installed and all fill and backfill shall have been thoroughly compacted to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways.
(2) 
After completion of the rough grade and prior to the laying of the subbase course, the subgrade shall be shaped to line and grade and thoroughly compacted with an approved self-propelled roller weighing not less than 10 tons. All hollows and depressions which develop under rolling shall be filled with acceptable granular material and again rolled. This process shall be continued until no depressions develop. The fine-grade shall not extend more than 1/2 inch below finished subgrade and shall not be muddy or otherwise unsatisfactory when the subbase course is laid upon it.
(3) 
Any soft or unstable portions of the subgrade which develop under the roller shall be completely excavated and removed from the rights-of-way and shall be replaced with acceptable granular material and the area regraded and compacted as set forth above.
(4) 
Fine-grade shall conform to the prescribed width of pavement and shall be equidistant from the center line of the road right-of-way and shall conform to the typical cross section of the road pavement and to the approved line and grade.
(5) 
Upon completion of the fine grading and prior to the construction of the required subbase course, certification shall be submitted that the fine grading conforms to the requirements of § A172-9A, Fine grading.
B. 
Subbase course.
(1) 
After fine grading has been completed in accordance with these specifications and to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways, the subbase course conforming to and as shown on Figure 4 (at the end of this chapter) shall be constructed.
(2) 
The developer shall construct a subbase course of sand, gravel and stone conforming to the current specifications of the New York State Department of Public Works section for Item 304.02.
(3) 
The depth of the subbase course for key roads shall be four inches.
(4) 
The subbase course shall be shaped to line and grade and thoroughly compacted with an approved self-propelled roller weighing not less than 10 tons. All hollows and depressions which develop under rolling shall be filled with acceptable granular material and again rolled. This process shall be continued until no depressions develop.
(5) 
The subbase course shall conform to the prescribed width of pavement and shall be equidistant from the center line of the road right-of-way and shall conform to the typical cross section of the road pavement and to the approved line and grade.
(6) 
Upon completion of the subbase course and prior to the construction of the required base course, certification shall be submitted that the subbase course conforms to the requirements of § A172-9B, Subbase course.
C. 
Base course. After the subbase course has been completed as the applicable sections of these specifications dictate and to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways, the base course or courses conforming to and as shown on Figure 4 (at the end of this chapter) shall be constructed.
(1) 
Asphaltic concrete base course. Under this base course, the developer shall construct a base course of asphaltic concrete conforming to the current specifications of the New York State Department of Public Works for Item 403.11 bottom course asphaltic concrete Type 1A, as amended from time to time. It shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader equipped with tamping bars and heating unit of sufficient depth to provide a finished compacted thickness, after rolling, of three inches as shown in Figure 4 (at the end of this chapter) of these specifications. The base course material shall be thoroughly rolled with a ten-ton steel wheel or vibratory roller.
(2) 
Asphalt concrete base course may be opened to traffic until just prior to dedication of the road right-of-way to the Town. Construction of binder and wearing surface will be permitted only after the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways has been satisfied that construction traffic has been substantially completed and that all utilities were installed and are in satisfactory service.
(3) 
Upon completion of the base course and prior to the construction of the required binder course, certification shall be submitted that the base course conforms to the requirements of § A172-9C, Base course.
D. 
Binder course.
(1) 
After the subbase and base courses have been completed to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways, a two-inch binder course (Type 3) shall be constructed conforming to the New York State Department of Transportation Specifications for Item 403.13 asphalt concrete, as shown on Figure 3 (at the end of this chapter).
(2) 
The base course shall be thoroughly cured and cleaned of all foreign material before the binder course is uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader with tamping bars and heating unit in sufficient depth as to provide a finished compacted thickness, after rolling, of not less than two inches. The course in place shall be thoroughly rolled with a ten-ton steel wheel or vibratory roller.
(3) 
Upon completion of the binder course and prior to the construction of the required wearing surface, certification shall be submitted that the binder course conforms to the requirements of § A172-9D, Binder course.
E. 
Wearing surface.
(1) 
When directed by the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways and after the binder course, concrete curbs, sidewalks, drainage, all utilities, etc., have been completed, the binder course shall be thoroughly cleaned of foreign material and a tack coat of asphalt emulsion applied to the surface at the rate of 1/10 to 1/20 gallon per square yard; a final wearing course of fine bituminous concrete conforming to the New York State Department of Transportation Specifications for Item 403.17 (Type 6F) shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader equipped with tamping bars and heating unit and in sufficient depth as to provide a finished compacted thickness, after rolling, of not less than 1 1/2 inches. The final wearing course in place shall be thoroughly compacted with a two- or three-wheel tandem roller weighing approximately 10 tons.
(2) 
Extreme care shall be exercised in the placing of bituminous concrete to ensure that all longitudinal joints shall be lapped in the placing of adjoining strips and that all lateral joints are trimmed before continuing with the placing of additional materials on that strip as shown in Figure 9 (at the end of this chapter).
(3) 
Upon completion of the wearing surface, certification shall be submitted that the wearing surface conforms to the requirements of § A172-9E Wearing surface.
F. 
Certification shall indicate the cubic yards of base, binder and wearing course installed on the project. When directed by the Town Engineer and/or the Superintendent of Highways, core samples shall be taken and submitted for approval.
A. 
Fine grading.
(1) 
Before fine-grading or construction of curbs and sidewalks is started, all storm and sanitary sewers and all utilities, including house connections and hydrants, shall have been installed and all fill and backfill shall have been thoroughly compacted to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways.
(2) 
After completion of the rough grade and prior to the laying of the subbase course, the subgrade shall be shaped to line and grade and thoroughly compacted with an approved self-propelled roller weighing not less than 10 tons. All hollows and depressions which develop under rolling shall be filled with acceptable granular material and again rolled. This process shall be continued until no depressions develop. The fine-grade shall not extend more than 1/2 inch below finished subgrade and shall not be muddy or otherwise unsatisfactory when the subbase course is laid upon it.
(3) 
Any soft or unstable portions of the subgrade which develop under the roller shall be completely excavated and removed from the rights-of-way and shall be replaced with acceptable granular material and the area regraded and compacted as set forth above.
(4) 
Fine-grade shall conform to the prescribed width of pavement and shall be equidistant from the center line of the road right-of-way and shall conform to the typical cross section of the road pavement and to the approved line and grade.
(5) 
Upon completion of the fine grading and prior to the construction of the required subbase course, certification shall be submitted that the fine grading conforms to the requirements of § A172-10A, Fine grading.
B. 
Subbase course.
(1) 
After fine grading has been completed in accordance with these specifications and to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways, the subbase course conforming to and as shown on Figure 5 (at the end of this chapter) shall be constructed.
(2) 
The developer shall construct a subbase course of sand, gravel and stone conforming to the current specifications of the New York State Department of Public Works section for Item 304.02.
(3) 
The depth of the subbase course for private parking lots shall be four inches, whereas for collector streets the depth shall be six inches.
(4) 
The subbase course shall be shaped to line and grade and thoroughly compacted with an approved self-propelled roller weighing not less than 10 tons. All hollows and depressions which develop under rolling shall be filled with acceptable granular material and again rolled. This process shall be continued until no depressions develop.
(5) 
The subbase course shall conform to the prescribed width of pavement and shall be equidistant from the center line of the road right-of-way and shall conform to the typical cross section of the road pavement and to the approved line and grade.
(6) 
Upon completion of the subbase course and prior to the construction of the required binder course, certification shall be submitted that the subbase course conforms to the requirements of § A172-10B, Subbase course.
C. 
Base course. No base course is required for private parking lots.
D. 
Binder course.
(1) 
After the subbase course has been completed to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways, a three-inch binder course (Type 3) shall be constructed conforming to the New York State Department of Transportation Specifications for Item 403.13 asphalt concrete, as shown on Figure 5 (at the end of this chapter).
(2) 
The subbase course shall be cleaned of all foreign material before the binder course is uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader with tamping bars and heating unit in sufficient depth as to provide a finished compacted thickness, after rolling, of not less than three inches. The course in place shall be thoroughly rolled with a ten-ton steel wheel or vibratory roller.
(3) 
Upon completion of the binder course and prior to the construction of the required wearing course, certification shall be submitted that the binder course conforms to the requirements of § A172-10D, Binder course.
E. 
Wearing surface.
(1) 
When directed by the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways and after the binder course, concrete curbs, sidewalks, drainage, all utilities, etc., have been completed, the binder course shall be thoroughly cleaned of foreign material and a tack coat of asphalt emulsion applied to the surface at the rate of 1/10 to 1/20 gallon per square yard; a final wearing course of fine bituminous concrete conforming to the New York State Department of Transportation Specifications for Item 403.17 (Type 6F) shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader equipped with tamping bars and heating unit and in sufficient depth as to provide a finished compacted thickness, after rolling, of not less than 1 1/2 inches. The final wearing course in place shall be thoroughly compacted with a two- or three-wheel tandem roller weighing approximately 10 tons.
(2) 
Extreme care shall be exercised in the placing of bituminous concrete to ensure that all longitudinal joints shall be lapped in the placing of adjoining strips and that all lateral joints are trimmed before continuing with the placing of additional materials on that strip as shown in Figure 9 (at the end of this chapter).
(3) 
Upon completion of the wearing surface, certification shall be submitted that the wearing surface conforms to the requirements of § A172-10E, Wearing surface.
F. 
Certifications shall indicate the cubic yards of base, binder and wearing course installed on the project. When directed by the Town Engineer and/or the Superintendent of Highways, core samples shall be taken and submitted for approval.
A. 
Belgian block curbs shall be constructed on both sides of the street as shown on Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 to the dimensions and standards as shown on Figure 10 (at the end of this chapter).
B. 
Where permitted by the Planning Board, concrete curbs may be constructed on both sides of the street as shown on Figures 1,2, 3 and 4 (at the end of this chapter) and to the dimensions and specifications shown on Figure 11 (at the end of this chapter).
C. 
Four-inch perforated, corrugated galvanized steel pipe shall be laid in three-fourths-inch stone or washed gravel under all curbs as shown in Figure 10 (at the end of this chapter). This underdrain shall be so graded that any water under the curbs will drain to the nearest catch basin where the underdrain shall be connected as shown on Figure 8 (at the end of this chapter).
D. 
Where the subgrade is not subject to a high-water table, underground water or springs, perforated pipe need not be used if so approved by the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways; however, the eight inches of stone or gravel will be required.
E. 
Where concrete curbs have been permitted by the Planning Board, concrete shall be finished and cured to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways. The developer shall, at his own expense, replace any curbing damaged before dedication and any curb that proved defective or is damaged by his operations during the one-year maintenance period.
F. 
Curbs shall be cured using Membrane Curing Compound (clear) Horncure 30-D (by A.C. Horn, Inc., Beltsville, Maryland), or Sealtight 3110 clear (by W.R. Meadows, Inc., York, Pennsylvania), or Super Konkure (by A.H. Harris Sons, Inc., Latham, New York); or approved equal subject acceptance by Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways. [Reference New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) materials and equipment for use on NYSDOT construction projects available at the NYSDOT office in Poughkeepsie, New York.]
A. 
Driveway entrances.
(1) 
The developer shall construct all driveway entrances according to the dimensions and specifications shown on Figures 12 and 13 (at the end of this chapter).
(2) 
All entrance construction shall be finished and cured to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways.
(3) 
All necessary driveway entrances within the subdivision shall be constructed at the time of construction of the curbs.
B. 
Curb cuts and/or widening of existing driveways on Town of Haverstraw streets shall require a permit from the Town Superintendent of Highways.
C. 
The maximum slope of the portion of a driveway located in a public right-of-way shall be 3%.
D. 
For single- and two-family residences, driveways shall be constructed to the following standards unless otherwise approved by the Town Engineer and/or Building Inspector:
(1) 
Driveway width: 10 feet minimum.
(2) 
Driveway slope: maximum 10%.
(3) 
Driveway slope in right-of-way: maximum 3% pitching to street.
(4) 
Driveway slopes within 20 feet of garage entrance: maximum 3%, minimum 1%, sloping away from garage entrance.
(5) 
Side entry garage, minimum paving for backup: 30 feet for full width of garage opening.
(6) 
Driveway paving: 1 1/2 inches of phaltic concrete wearing course, New York State Type 6F, Item No. 403.17; over two inches thick asphaltic concrete binder course, New York State Type 3 Item No. 403.13; over four inch subbase course, New York State Item No. 304.02.
Unless waived by the Planning Board, the developer shall construct four-inch-thick reinforced concrete sidewalks on both sides of streets as shown on Figures 1 and 2 (at the end of this chapter). Concrete shall be of four-thousand-pound-per-square-inch mix, air entrained with Darex or equal, placed in one course, properly screened and finished to true grade with wooden float or steel float and broomed with a push broom having fine fibers, and shall be cured in accordance with§ A172-11F, all to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways.
Intersections shall be designed and shown at a scale of one inch equals 10 feet, showing existing and proposed contours 100 feet from center of intersection in all directions and extending 25 feet beyond the right-of-way and drainage structures, with top of grate and invert elevations. The developer shall construct all street intersections in accordance with Figure 14 (at the end of this chapter), except in the case of a new street intersecting an existing narrow road, in which case it shall be modified as shown on Figure 15 (see end of chapter).
A. 
All Street signs, including street names, "Stop" signs, "Yield" signs and other directional and traffic control signs shall be furnished by the Superintendent of Highways and, prior to final approval, the developer shall deliver a certified check in the amount determined by the Superintendent of Highways to cover the actual cost of fabrication as determined by the Superintendent of Highways.
(1) 
Two sign heads each, including two aluminum panels locked in a rigid aluminum frame consisting of parallel top and bottom extrusions secured at the ends through end caps by stainless steel pop rivets, with two name panels per frame (for four-way sign).
(2) 
A top cap engaging centrally the top of the upper sign head.
(3) 
A crisscross set with interengaging teeth located centrally between the sign heads (for four-way sign).
(4) 
A post cap having a trough receiving centrally the bottom of the lower sign head (for four-way sign); post cap for 2 3/8 inches outside diameter post.
(5) 
A center staff of solid three-fourths-inch-diameter metal threaded into the top cap and extending through the sign heads between the panels thereof, the crisscross set, the post cap and approximately five inches beyond (for four-way sign).
(6) 
A three-fourths-inch nut locked on the lower end portion of the center staff or double nut.
(7) 
A sleeve, compression spring and collar on the center staff between the nut and post cap to secure the sign structure into a unit, with the two-and-one-eighth-inch collar being adjacent to the nut to anchor the sign structure against the inside wall of a mounting post and with said spring having a yieldable compression limit allowing the sign heads to be forcibly shifted relative to each other via the crisscross set without stressing the sign structure.
(8) 
The collar having radial cantilever springs 2 1/8 inches secured thereto for engaging the inside wall of the post for locking the sign structure against removal therefrom.
(9) 
Castings of 380 aluminum with painted, baked aluminum enamel finish.
(10) 
Extrusions of 6063-T5 aluminum alloy.
(11) 
Center staff to be of hot-rolled steel with plated, threaded-end portions.
(12) 
Sign panels to be of sheet aluminum 0.050 inch thick with a 1200 Alodine surface, having a minimum length of 19 inches and being five inches high; larger panels required for long names. Letters shall be white on green background. Two name panels are required for each sign.
B. 
The developer shall install street name signs at all intersections at locations within the right-of-way approved and directed by the Town Superintendent of Highways. The sign shall be erected on a ten-foot-long, two -and-three-eighths-inch-outside-diameter galvanized pipe. The pipe shall be set in concrete to a depth of three feet below the ground surface.
A. 
Monuments shall be set on all right-of-way lines of streets at all street intersections, angle points, points of curve and subdivision corners. There shall be a clear foresight and backsight to adjacent monuments on the right-of-way line or lines on which a monument is set.
B. 
Monuments shall be 36 inches long, five inches square at the top increasing to six inches square at the bottom and shall have centered in the top a three-eighths-inch or one-half-inch drill hole, a three-eighths- or one-half-inch steel rod slightly protruding or some other permanent and satisfactory center mark. Monuments shall be of cut granite free from imperfections or of concrete, or three-foot-long, three-fourths-inch-diameter rebar with cast caps Model No. SK-105 two-inch top for three-fourths-inch reinforced bar, as manufactured by Surv-Kap Inc., P.O. Box 27367, Tucson, Arizona 85726; or approved equal.
C. 
Monuments shall not be set before final grading has been completed or while frost is in the ground. They shall be set so that the top is flush with the finished grade. They shall be so set and tamped as to prevent settlement or shifting.
D. 
The developer's licensed New York State land surveyor shall prepare an as-built survey certifying that the location of all monuments, boundaries, property corners, easements and rights-of-way, utility locations, including water, electric, gas, telephone, streetlights, fire hydrants, cable television, valves, house connections to all utilities, drainage structures, sewer lines, curb cuts, retaining walls, site grading, road grades and all other on-site and off-site improvements, is accurate before acceptance of the street by the Town Board. A Mylar of the as-built survey and 12 prints, signed and sealed, shall be submitted to the Planning Board.
E. 
Property corners for all subdivisions and site plans. All property corners shall be marked with three-fourths-inch-diameter by eighteen-inch-long iron pipes installed by a licensed New York State surveyor, and a certified survey showing these property corners shall be furnished to the Building Inspector prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy.
Where necessary and required for access, drainage, utilities or other purposes, easements having a minimum width of 20 feet shall be provided in the approved plans. A greater width than 20 feet shall be provided if required by the Planning Board, Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways. The plat shall clearly indicate those easements which are to be dedicated to the Town or other municipality and which easements are for the benefit of private property owners. All easements shall be depicted on the plot plans. Unless specifically approved by the Building Inspector, nothing shall be built, planted or installed within any easement, including fencing, trees, bushes and sprinkler heads. Unless specifically approved by the Planning Board, all easements shall be entirely located on one lot and shall not straddle any property line unless otherwise approved by the Planning Board.
Unless specifically depicted on the approved plat, or permitted by the Town Engineer or Superintendent of Highways, no open ditches will be permitted.
House drains must be installed prior to the start of fine grading of the streets. Such drains may be connected to catch basins, but in no case shall any drain be connected to a street stormwater drainpipe. Drainage from roof leaders and footing drains shall be to a positive outlet. A positive outlet shall be deemed to include a catch basin or pipe which collects the leader and/or footing drainage running from the end of the leader and/or footing drain, through the curb and discharging on the travelway along the bottom of the curbline. Where site conditions, as determined by the Town Engineer and/or the Superintendent of Highways, make the provision of a positive outlet impossible to achieve, the Town Engineer and/or the Superintendent of Highways may authorize minor construction modifications where such modifications will have no discernable impact on neighboring properties, the general public or those intended to occupy or use the proposed structure.
A. 
Culs-de-sac on local and collector streets.
(1) 
Permanent culs-de-sac. Wherever a permanent dead end is allowed on a local or collector street, a turnaround shall be constructed. This turnaround shall take the form of a circle or teardrop, as required by the Planning Board, and shall be constructed as shown on Figure 16 (at the end of this chapter).
(2) 
Temporary culs-de-sac.
(a) 
Wherever a temporary dead end is allowed on a local or collector street, a turnaround shall be constructed. This turnaround shall take the form of a circle or teardrop, as required by the Planning Board, and shall be constructed as shown on Figure 17 (at the end of this chapter).
(b) 
The temporary type of cul-de-sac shall be used only when authorized by the Planning Board because of the foreseeable future extension of the street. The turnaround shall be completely paved.
B. 
Culs-de-sac for private and key roads.
(1) 
Permanent culs-de-sac. Wherever a permanent dead end is allowed on a private or key road, a turnaround shall be constructed. This turnaround shall take the form of a circle or teardrop, as required by the Planning Board, and shall be constructed as shown on Figure 18 (at end of this chapter).
(2) 
Temporary culs-de-sac.
(a) 
Wherever a temporary dead end is allowed on a private or key road, a turnaround shall be constructed. This turnaround shall take the form of a circle or teardrop, as required by the Planning Board, and shall be constructed as shown on Figure 19 (at the end of this chapter).
(b) 
The temporary type of cul-de-sac shall be used only when authorized by the Planning Board because of the foreseeable future extension of the street. The turnaround shall be completely paved.
A. 
Sight distance for curves.
(1) 
Sight distance for horizontal curves. The sight distance for horizontal curves, excluding intersections, shall be determined by the chord along the inside curb of the roadway. Where such chord crosses property lines, a sight distance easement shall be furnished and said property shall be graded and landscaped so as not to obstruct sight distance.
(2) 
Sight distance for crest vertical curves. The length of curve for crest vertical curves shall be computed as follows:
For S <Lcvc:
Lcvc
=
AS2
1398
For S > Lcvc:
Lcvc
=
2S -
1398
A
Where
Lcvc
=
The length of the crest vertical curve in feet.
A
=
The algebraic difference in grades, expressed in percent.
S
=
The sight distance, in feet, as follows:
Speed
(mph)
Sight Distance
(feet)
30
200
40
275
50
350
(3) 
Sight distance for sag vertical curves. The length of curve for sag vertical curves shall be computed as follows:
For S < Lsvc:
Lsvc
=
AS2
400 + 3.5 S
For S > Lsvc:
Lsvc
=
2S -
400 + 3.5S
       A
Where
Lsvc
=
The length of the sag vertical curve in feet.
A
=
The algebraic difference in grades, expressed in percent.
S
=
The sight distance, in feet, as follows:
Speed
(mph)
Sight Distance
(feet)
30
200
40
275
50
350
B. 
Sight distance for intersections. No shrubbery, hedge or other natural growth, fence (except a transparent fence, such as chicken wire, in which the solid area is not more than 5% of the total area of the fence) or wall more than two feet higher than the apex of the center line of the street shall be located within the triangular area shown shaded in Sketch A below at the intersection of two streets. Nor shall the limbs or foliage on any tree obstruct vision or be permitted to grow nearer to the ground than eight feet where such limbs or foliage overhang or are over land within the triangular area as shown in Sketch A. No accessory off-street parking space shall be located within the triangular area as shown in Sketch A.
The streetlight standard shall be the type used by Orange and Rockland Utilities and will be placed in a manner and location as approved by the Town Engineer. The distance between streetlights shall be approximately 200 feet to 250 feet, and a streetlight shall be provided at all intersections.
All retaining walls four feet or greater in height, and all tiered (two or more retaining walls no more than 10 feet between the back of one wall and the front of another wall) walls having a total height six feet or greater, shall be designed by a new York State professional engineer and shall be submitted to the Town Engineer and Building Inspector for approval. Actual construction of the wall shall be supervised by a New York State licensed professional engineer. Upon completion of the wall, a written certification by a New York State licensed professional, engineer indicating that the wall, or walls, have been constructed as designed and inspected and approved shall be submitted. The height of any retaining wall, or walls, shall be measured from the top of wall to the lowest contiguous ground surface.
All items installed in connection with the development shall be maintained by the developer prior to dedication. Such maintenance shall include but is not limited to the following: cleaning roads, patching of potholes and sunken trenches and removal of dirt and/or snow. Dedication shall be deemed to include an "offer" by the developer and "acceptance" by the Town.
Final decision as to the interpretation of any part of these construction standards shall rest with the Building Inspector, Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways. The Building Inspector, Town Engineer and/or Town Superintendent of Highways may authorize minor construction modifications where such modifications will have no discernible impact on neighboring properties, the general public or those intended to occupy or use the proposed development.
The design and installation of sanitary sewers and all appurtenant items, such as manholes, connections, size and type of pipe, etc. shall be as approved by the Joint Regional Sewerage Board and the Town Engineer.