The following shall apply to the design and
construction of streets associated with subdivisions and land development
applications, and are intended as the minimum standards for the promotion
of the public health, safety and welfare. In the case where it can
be clearly demonstrated by the applicant to the satisfaction of the
Board that, because of peculiar conditions pertaining to a tract of
land, the literal enforcement of these standards would cause undue
hardship, such variations from their literal interpretations may be
permitted as may be reasonable and consistent with the purpose and
intent of this chapter.
A.
Proposed streets shall be consistent with such street
plans or parts thereof as have been officially prepared and adopted
by the Township, including recorded subdivision plans and the Comprehensive
Plan of the Township.
B.
Proposed streets shall further conform to such Township,
county, and state road and highway plans as have been prepared, adopted
and/or filed as prescribed by law.
C.
Thoughtful and imaginative design of streets and their
relationship to the arrangement and shape of lots is required. An
important element is the blending with topography to produce curvilinear
design and reasonable grades. The rectilinear design of streets and
lots, involving long straight sections of street, shall be avoided.
D.
Insofar as possible, streets on which structures are
proposed to front shall be oriented in a general east-west direction,
so as to provide the maximum number of structures with southern exposure
and to provide the opportunity for solar utilization. Street layout
should maximize south-facing slope. Where topographic or other conditions
make east-west orientation of the continuance of existing street impracticable,
such continued streets shall conform to approved plans.
E.
Local streets shall be laid out so as to discourage
through traffic, but provisions for street connections into and from
adjacent areas may be required.
F.
If lots resulting from original subdivisions are large
enough to permit resubdivision, or if a portion of the tract is not
subdivided, adequate street right-of-way to permit further subdivision
shall be provided as necessary.
G.
Where a subdivision abuts or contains an existing
or proposed major thoroughfare, the Board may require dedication of
additional right-of-way specified hereinafter and marginal access
streets, rear service alleys, reverse frontage lots, or such other
treatment as will provide protection for abutting properties, reduction
in the number of intersections with the major thoroughfare and separation
of local and through traffic.
H.
New half or partial streets shall not be permitted
except where essential to reasonable subdivision of a tract in conformance
with the other requirements and standards of this chapter and where,
in addition, dedication of the remaining part of the street has been
secured. Wherever a tract to be subdivided borders an existing half
or partial street, the other part of the street shall be plotted within
such tract. Where half or partial streets are proposed, the acceptance
of final plans shall be conditioned upon the provision of guarantees
providing for the construction or completion of such streets to Township
standards. As an interim measure, a temporary turnaround must be provided
for half or partial streets.
I.
Dead-end streets shall be prohibited, except as stubs
to permit future street extension into adjoining tracts, or when designed
as culs-de-sac.
J.
Continuations of existing streets shall be known by
the same name, but names for other streets shall not duplicate or
closely resemble names for existing streets in the Township and/or
post office district. The Board may reject street names and suggest
alternative names.
K.
Where streets and other public improvements continue
into adjoining municipalities, evidence of compatibility of design,
particularly with regard to street widths, shall be submitted. The
applicant shall coordinate such design with both municipalities to
avoid abrupt changes in cartway width or in improvements provided.
[Added 7-19-2010 by Ord. No. 10-05]
A.
Purpose.
(1)
The purpose of this Access management section is to provide
vehicular access to land development in a manner that preserves the
safety and efficiency of the transportation system. Access management
encompasses the careful planning of the location, design, and operation
of driveways, median openings, interchanges, and street connections.
If access systems are not properly designed, the primary transportation
network, including arterials and highways, will be unable to accommodate
the access needs of development and retain their primary transportation
function.
(2)
This section is intended to promote safe and efficient travel
on higher order roadways within Upper Uwchlan Township by limiting
the number of conflict points, providing safe spacing standards between
driveways, encouraging shared access between abutting properties,
and ensuring safe access by emergency vehicles. This section is based
on PennDOT's Access Management Model Ordinances for Pennsylvania Municipalities
Handbook, February 2006.
B.
Application of regulations.
(1)
This section shall pertain to all applications for subdivision
and land development approval, or building permits, for lots located
within the C1, C2, C3 and LI Zoning Districts, and/or for any lots
with frontage along roadways classified as arterial or major collector
roads within Upper Uwchlan Township. It is understood that any applications
along state roads will ultimately be subject to approval by the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation (PennDOT); however, the Township will
provide input to PennDOT based on the criteria in this section.
(2)
The Board of Supervisors may grant a modification of the requirements
of this section, after consultation with the Planning Commission,
if the literal enforcement will exact undue hardship because of peculiar
conditions pertaining to the land in question, provided that such
modifications will not be contrary to the public interest and that
the purpose and intent of this section is observed.
C.
ACCESS
AUXILIARY LANE
BANDWIDTH
COORDINATED TRAFFIC SIGNAL SYSTEM
CORNER CLEARANCE
CROSS ACCESS
DRIVEWAY
EGRESS
FRONTAGE ROAD
FUNCTIONAL AREA
HIGHWAYS, ROADS, or STREETS
INGRESS
JOINT ACCESS
LEVEL OF SERVICE (LOS)
LOCAL ROAD
95th PERCENTILE QUEUE LENGTH
OUTPARCEL
PENNDOT HIGHWAY OCCUPANCY PERMIT (HOP)
PREEXISTING DRIVEWAY
ROADWAY FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION
(1)
(2)
(3)
SERVICE ROAD
STORAGE LENGTH
STREET
TAPER
TWO-WAY LEFT-TURN LANE
Definitions. As used in this section, the following terms shall have
the meanings indicated:
A driveway, street, median opening, or other means of passage
of vehicles between the highway and abutting property, including acceleration
and deceleration lanes and such drainage structures as may be necessary
for proper construction and maintenance thereof.
The portion of the roadway adjoining the through lane that
is used for speed change, turning, storage for turning, deceleration,
acceleration, weaving, and other purposes supplementary to the through
traffic movement.
The theoretical window of time through which a platoon of
vehicles can traverse the entire signalized system at the design speed
without stopping. The bandwidth efficiency is the ratio of the bandwidth
to the signal cycle length expressed as a percentage.
A series of signalized intersections that are synchronized
to provide a progressive movement of traffic in order to minimize
vehicle stops and delays.
The spacing between driveways and street intersections, which
is desirably outside of the functional area of the intersection.
Interconnected vehicular access between two or more contiguous
sites so that the driver need not reenter the public street system.
Every entrance or exit used by vehicular traffic to or from
properties abutting a highway. The term includes proposed streets,
lanes, alleys, courts, and ways.
The exit of vehicular traffic from abutting properties to
a street
A road that runs generally parallel to a higher speed major
road, and which provides access to all abutting land uses, and without
the need for direct access for each parcel. Land uses along the frontage
road are still visible from the major road. The frontage road feeds
the higher speed major road at appropriate points of access.
The area beyond the physical intersection of two streets
that comprises decision and maneuver distance, and the required vehicle
storage lengths.
Any highways, roads, or streets identified on the legally
adopted municipal street or highway plan or the official map that
carry vehicular traffic, together with all necessary appurtenances,
including bridges, rights-of-way and traffic control improvements.
The term shall not include the Interstate Highway System.
The entrance of vehicular traffic to abutting properties
from a street.
A shared driveway connecting two or more contiguous sites
to the public street system.
A qualitative measure describing the operational conditions
within a section of roadway or at an intersection that includes factors
such as speed, travel time, ability to maneuver, traffic interruptions,
delay, and driver comfort. Levels of service is described as a letter
grade system (similar to a school grading system) where delay (in
seconds) is equivalent to a certain letter grade from A through F.
Every public highway other than a state highway. The term
includes existing streets, lanes, alleys, courts, and ways.
The queue exceeded at some point during 5% or the signal
cycles.
A lot that is adjacent to the roadway that interrupts the
frontage of another lot, or in the case of consolidated development(s),
it is a building site that is located adjacent to the roadway.
The permit issued by PennDOT to approve any construction,
including driveways, within all PennDOT rights of way.
Permitted driveways in place at the time of the adoption
of this section that do not conform to the standards herein.
Categorization of roadways according to the function they
serve. The arterial and major collector roads for the purpose of this
section are as follows, and as based on any future updates of the
Township's Comprehensive Plan that follow after the adoption of this
section:
Principal arterial: Pottstown Pike (PA Route 100) except within
the limits of Graphite Mine Road; Graphite Mine Road.
Minor arterial: Conestoga Road (PA Route 401).
Major collector: Pottstown Pike (PA Route 100) within the limits
of Graphite Mine Road; Little Conestoga Road; Byers Road; Fellowship
Road.
A road that runs generally parallel to a higher speed major
road, and which provides access to all abutting land uses, and without
the need for direct access for each parcel. The service road feeds
the higher speed major road at appropriate points of access.
Lane footage needed for a right or left-turn lane to store
the maximum number of vehicles likely to accumulate during a peak
period of travel.
Includes street, avenue, boulevard, road, highway, freeway,
parkway, lane, alley, viaduct, and any other ways used or intended
to be used by vehicular traffic or pedestrians, whether private or
public.
The widening of the roadway to allow the redirection or transition
of vehicles into or around an auxiliary lane.
A continuous center lane within the median area that is used
to accommodate and separate left-turn traffic in either direction
from the through traffic.
D.
Nonconforming driveways. Permitted driveways in place at the time
of the adoption of this section that do not conform to the standards
herein shall be designated as preexisting driveways. They shall be
brought into compliance with the applicable standards contained herein
under the following conditions:
(1)
New driveway is requested.
(2)
Modifications to an existing driveway are requested.
(3)
The property owner or applicant applies for a change in use
or expansion of the existing use and will generate 25% more peak hour
or daily traffic than the existing use based on the latest edition
of Trip Generation published by the Institute of Transportation Engineers
or upon other data approved by the Township.
E.
Relationship to PennDOT Highway Occupancy Permit. Issuance of a PennDOT
Highway Occupancy Permit (HOP) does not guarantee site plan approval
by the Township, nor does it deem the plan in conformance with this
section. The HOP application submission should be made concurrently
to PennDOT and to the Township. Upon request by the applicant or the
Township, PennDOT may be brought into the Township review process
to reconcile site design and access issues.
F.
Number of driveways.
(1)
One driveway shall be permitted per property.
(2)
Additional access or accesses shall be permitted if the applicant
demonstrates that additional access is necessary to accommodate traffic
to and from the site and it can be achieved in a safe and efficient
manner.
(3)
All driveways on one property shall be interconnected with an
internal roadway network.
(4)
For properties that abut two or more roadways, the Township
may restrict access to only that roadway (typically, the lower functional
classification roadway) that can more safely and efficiently accommodate
traffic.
(5)
For properties fronting a state roadway and local roadway, access
can be restricted to the local roadway notwithstanding the ability
to receive an HOP from PennDOT for access to the state roadway.
(6)
If the Township anticipates that a property may be subdivided
and that subdivision may result in an unacceptable number or arrangement
of driveways, or both, the Township shall require the property owner
to enter into an access covenant to restrict future access.
G.
Corner clearance.
(2)
If the development has frontage on two or more roads, access
shall be provided to the roadway where corner clearance requirements
can be achieved.
(3)
If no other reasonable access to the property is available,
and no reasonable alternative is identified, the driveway shall be
located the farthest possible distance from the intersecting roadway.
(4)
The Township shall require restrictions of certain movements
at the driveway if the Township determines that the location of the
driveway and particular ingress or egress movements will create safety
or operational problems.
H.
Driveway channelization.
(1)
The Township may require a raised channelization island where
it is found necessary to restrict particular turning movements at
a driveway due to the potential disruption to the orderly flow of
traffic, or when alternate access is available, or as a result of
sight distance constraints.
(2)
Raised channelization islands shall be designed with criteria
consistent with the latest edition of the AASHTO (American Association
of State Highway Transportation Officials) publication, A Policy on
Geometric Design of Highways and Streets.
I.
Joint and cross access.
(2)
Adjacent nonresidential properties shall provide a joint and/or
cross access driveway to allow circulation between sites where feasible.
(4)
If it is not feasible to provide the joint and/or cross access
driveway, the property owner shall sign an agreement to close the
permitted driveway and to seek to construct a joint and/or cross access
driveway, if possible in the future, when an adjoining property is
developed or redeveloped.
(5)
Documentation that a joint and/or cross access driveway is not
possible may include, but is not limited to:
(6)
The property owner/owners whose lands are proposed to be users
of a joint/cross access driveway easement shall, at the time of the
recording of an approved subdivision or land development plan:
(a)
Record an appropriate easement agreement allowing cross access
to and from other properties served by the proposed access easement
in a form and manner approved by the Township.
(b)
Provide in said easement agreement that future access rights
along the driveway, or the driveway as may be extended, are granted
at the sole discretion of Upper Uwchlan Township with access to the
proposed driveway being subject to approval of a design for access
as may be approved by Upper Uwchlan Township.
(c)
Record an agreement/proposed agreement dealing with how joint
maintenance responsibilities of the access drive would be shared by
adjoining property owners in a form satisfactory to Upper Uwchlan
Township.
J.
Internal access to outparcels.
(1)
For developments comprised of more than one building site and
consolidated for the purposes of development or phased developments,
the Township shall require that the development be served by an internal
road that is separated from the main roadway.
(2)
All access to outparcels shall be internalized using the internal
roadway.
(3)
The driveways for outparcels shall be designed to allow safe
and efficient ingress and egress movements from the internal road.
(4)
The internal circulation roads shall be designed to avoid excessive
queuing across parking aisles and other driveways.
(6)
The Township may require an access covenant to restrict an outparcel
to internal access only.
K.
Driveway design.
(1)
The driveway radii and width will be designed to accommodate
the largest heavy vehicle that will regularly service the site, as
well as the responding emergency vehicles. A turning template plan
will be prepared to document access and circulation within the site
of the heavy vehicles.
(2)
The number of lanes on the driveway shall be determined based
on traffic analysis, which may be through the conduct of a traffic
impact study, to provide efficient traffic operations. The Township
may require additional auxiliary or turning lanes to accommodate traffic
flow and safety.
(3)
The Township may require that the driveway design include a
median to control turning movements.
(4)
The driveway throat length, as measured from the edge of the
public street to the first internal intersection will be designed
to accommodate the anticipated queues.
(5)
Except for joint driveways, no portion of the driveway and driveway
radius may be located on or along the frontage of an adjacent property.
L.
Auxiliary lanes. Auxiliary lanes, consisting of right-turn deceleration
lanes and left-turn lanes, separate turning vehicles from through
traffic, thus they increase capacity and improve operations at intersections.
They reduce the potential for rear-end crashes and interference or
disruption of the flow of through traffic.
(1)
Auxiliary turn lanes should be considered and provided at unsignalized
and signalized intersections in the following situations based on
a traffic impact study:
(a)
When warranted in accordance with PennDOT Publication 46, or
in accordance with current practice accepted by PennDOT.
(b)
When acceptable level of service, based on capacity analysis,
can be achieved with an auxiliary lane(s). Level of Service D or better
is the goal for acceptable level of service for new access intersections
and road intersections. It is understood there may be rare situations
when this level of service cannot be achieved; however, Level of Service
E and F should be considered unacceptable in rural areas and Level
of Service F should be considered unacceptable in urban areas.
(2)
The design of the auxiliary lanes shall consider all of the
following:
(a)
In accordance with PennDOT Publication 46, or in accordance
with current practice accepted by PennDOT.
(b)
Accommodate the 95th percentile queue length for signalized
intersections based on a traffic impact study.
(c)
The taper lengths shall be in accordance with AASHTO publication
A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets.
M.
Driveway location and spacing.
(1)
Driveways shall be located directly across from another roadway
or driveway on the opposite side of the intersecting roadway where
feasible in order to meet the driveway spacing requirements. The left
turns into a driveway should not be made across a left-turn lane serving
another driveway or street on the opposite side of the roadway.
(2)
Driveway spacing is measured from the end of one driveway radius
to the beginning of the next driveway radius.
(4)
If these driveway spacing standards cannot be met, a system
of joint and/or cross access driveways, frontage roads or service
roads may be required.
N.
Signalized intersection spacing.
(1)
The planning and location of all intersections and driveways
should be done in such a way to take access at an existing traffic
signal if available, or if the property has frontage on two roads,
take access to the lower classification road if the lower classification
road intersects with the higher order road at a traffic signal.
(2)
Along any arterial road, the signal spacing shall be at least
1,500 feet; however, the Township may increase the required signal
spacing if it is necessary to maintain at least 40% bandwidth efficiency.
(3)
Along all other roads, the signal spacing shall be at least
750 feet; however, the Township may increase the required signal spacing
if it is necessary to maintain at least 40% bandwidth efficiency.
(4)
The Township may lower these signal spacing standards if all
options have been evaluated and signalization is the only suitable
alternative, and if the Township concludes that the literal enforcement
will exact undue hardship because of peculiar conditions pertaining
to the land in question, provided that such modifications will not
be contrary to the public interest and that the purpose and intent
of this section is observed.
(5)
A waiver from these signal spacing standards may be given to
roadways that serve as the main street of a mixed-use business district
with a traditional grid street network.
(6)
The Township may require signals located within 1/2 mile to
be coordinated.
(7)
Any new traffic signal located within an existing coordinated
traffic signal system must be incorporated into the coordinated system.
O.
Two-way left-turn lanes.
(1)
The Township may identify certain roadway corridors for the
retrofit of a two-way left-turn lane (TWLTL) where the following conditions
exist:
(2)
At cross streets or locations with a heavy concentration of
left-turning vehicles, the Township may require the modification of
pavement markings for a center left-turn lane to provide an exclusive
left-turn lane based on the requirements of unsignalized and signalized
left-turn lanes.
(3)
The pavement markings for a TWLTL shall be in accordance with
the guidelines and criteria contained in the most recent edition of
the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD).
P.
Frontage/service roads.
(1)
The Township may require the construction of a frontage or service
road to provide more favorable access for multiple developments to
preserve the safety and capacity of the adjacent roadway.
(2)
The Township may require the construction of a frontage or service
road to maintain the driveway and traffic signal spacing requirements
and corner clearance requirements contained in this section.
(3)
New developments that abut an existing service or frontage road
must take access to the service or frontage road. Access to the arterial
or collector road will be permitted only if driveway and intersection
spacing requirements are met and a traffic study shows that it is
necessary for acceptable levels of service, and safety is not compromised.
(4)
Frontage roads and service roads shall be designed in accordance
with the most recent editions of the PennDOT Publication 13M, Design
Manual Part II and A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets,
AASHTO.
A.
The minimum right-of-way, cartway and shoulder widths
for all new streets in the Township shall be as follows:
|
Street
Function
|
Right-of-Way Width
(feet)
|
Cartway Width
(feet)
|
Shoulder Width
(feet)
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Expressway
|
102
|
48
|
10
|
|
Arterial
|
80
|
32
| |
|
Major collector
|
60
|
32
| |
|
Minor collector
|
50
|
32
| |
|
Local access
|
50
|
32
|
B.
Additional right-of-way and cartway widths may be
required by the Township for the following purposes:
(1)
To promote public safety and convenience.
(2)
To provide parking space in commercial districts and
in areas of high-density residential development.
(3)
To accommodate special topographic circumstances which
may result in cut/fill slopes extending beyond the standard right-of-way
in all circumstances to assure accessibility for maintenance operations.
C.
Right-of-way of lesser width than prescribed in this
section shall not be permitted.
D.
Subdivisions abutting existing streets shall provide
the minimum right-of-way widths for those streets in accordance with
the provisions of this section for dedication.
E.
Where a subdivision abuts an existing street of improper
cartway or right-of-way width or alignment, the Township Supervisors
shall require the dedication of land sufficient to widen the street
or correct the alignment and require the escrow of money where deemed
necessary in order to improve said cartway.
In the case where lots created within a subdivision
are large enough to accommodate either further subdivision, or a higher
intensity of development, and thus may result in higher traffic levels,
the Township may require that additional right-of-way be provided
to permit the future development of a higher order street.
A.
There shall be a minimum center-line grade of 1%.
Center-line grades shall not exceed the following:
|
Street Function
|
Maximum Grade
(percent)
|
|---|---|
|
Expressway
|
4%
|
|
Arterial
|
6%
|
|
Major collector
|
8%
|
|
Minor collector
|
9%
|
|
Local access
|
10%
|
B.
All streets shall be graded in accordance with Township
regulations. The slope ratio of banks along street right-of-way lines
shall not exceed two to one horizontal to vertical for fills, and
two to one for cuts, the measurement of which shall be made perpendicular
to the street right-of-way line.
C.
At all changes of street grades where the algebraic
difference exceeds 1%, vertical curves shall be designed in accordance
with the most recent edition of the American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials' A Policy on Geometric Design
of Highway Streets to provide the following desirable sight distances,
and in no case less than the following minimum sight distances subject
to design justification approval from the Township Engineer.
[Amended 4-19-2010 by Ord. No. 10-04]
|
Type of Street
|
Sight Distance
(feet)
|
|---|---|
|
Local street
|
200 minimum
|
|
Collector street
|
305 desirable
200 minimum
|
|
Arterial street
|
425 desirable
305 minimum
|
D.
Under no circumstances shall maximum grades be permitted
using the minimum curve radii.
E.
The design
speed for all streets shall be at least five miles per hour above
the posted speed limit, unless a design justification is approved
by the Township Engineer. For all new streets, the Township must approve
the posted speed limit.
[Added 4-19-2010 by Ord. No. 10-04]
[Amended 4-19-2010 by Ord. No. 10-04]
A.
Whenever street lines are deflected in excess of 5°
for local streets and 1° for collector and arterial streets, connection
shall be made by horizontal curves.
B.
To ensure adequate sight distance, desirable center-line
radii for horizontal curves shall be as follows, and in no case less
than the following minimum center-line radii subject to design justification
approval from the Township Engineer.
|
Type of Street
|
Center-Line Radii
(feet)
|
|---|---|
|
Arterial street
|
1,340 desirable
510 minimum
|
|
Collector street
|
510 desirable
275 minimum
|
|
Local street
|
150 minimum
|
C.
A tangent of at least 100 feet shall be introduced
between all horizontal curves on collector and arterial streets and
between reverse curves on local streets. The tangent length may have
to be increased when superelevation is required.
D.
A maximum superelevation of 6% shall be required on
collector and arterial streets.
A.
Right-angle intersections shall be used whenever practicable,
especially when minor residential streets empty into collector or
arterial streets. There shall be no intersection angle of less than
60°, or more than 120° measured at the center line.
B.
No more than two streets shall cross at the same point.
C.
Right-of-way at intersections shall have a twenty-five-foot
radius.
D.
To the fullest extent possible, intersections with
collector and arterial streets shall be located not less than 1,000
feet apart, measured from center line to center line. Exceptions shall
be those cases deemed by the Board to require close spacing without
endangering the public's safety.
E.
Streets entering from opposite sides of another street
shall either be directly across from each other or offset by at least
150 feet on local and collector and 300 feet on arterial streets,
measured from center line to center line.
F.
Where curbs are required, curb radii shall not be
less than 35 feet, forming a tangential arc, and the top curb grade
lines for intersecting streets shall be so designed that would meet
at a common point if projected.
(1)
For all intersections involving an arterial street,
a forty-foot radius shall be required.
H.
Whenever a subdivision abuts or contains an existing
or proposed street with an ultimate right-of-way of 60 feet or more,
the Township Planning Commission may require restriction of access
to the arterial street by:
(1)
Provision of reverse frontage lots;
(2)
Provision of service streets along the rear of the
abutting lots, together with prohibition of private driveways intersecting
the arterial streets; or
(3)
Provision of marginal access streets, provided that
the reserve strips establishing such marginal access streets shall
be definitely placed within the jurisdiction of the Township under
an agreement meeting the approval of the Township.
I.
Except as specified above, reserve strips shall be
prohibited.
A.
A single access shall not be approved wherever a through
street is practical, except where the single access is clearly the
basic principle for design of the subdivision.
B.
Dead-end streets are prohibited unless designed as
permanent cul-de-sac streets, or when designed as temporary cul-de-sac
for future access to adjoining properties.
C.
Any street dead-end for access to an adjoining property
or because of authorized stage development shall be provided with
a temporary, all-weather turnaround, within the subdivision, and the
use of such turnaround shall be guaranteed to the public until such
time as the street is extended. Right-of-way shall be extended to
the tract boundary in such cases.
D.
Single access streets, permanently designed as such,
shall not exceed 750 feet in length for lots of an average of one
acre or greater, and shall be not more than 500 feet in length for
lots containing less than one acre.
E.
Single access streets, permanently designed as such,
shall have a minimum length of 250 feet.
F.
All cul-de-sac streets, whether permanently or temporarily
designed as such, shall be provided at the closed end with a fully
paved turnaround.
G.
The minimum radius to the pavement edge or curbline
of the turnaround shall be 50 feet, and the minimum radius of the
right-of-way line shall be 60 feet.
H.
Drainage of cul-de-sac streets shall preferably be
towards the open end.
I.
The center-line grade on a cul-de-sac street shall
not exceed 10% and the grade of the diameter of the turnaround shall
not exceed 5%.
J.
There shall be a maximum of four lots containing any
access along the turnaround portion of a cul-de-sac street measured
from reverse curve to reverse curve.
K.
Whenever a future extension is found to be practical
by the Board and Planning Commission, a fifty-foot-wide easement with
an offer of dedication shall extend to the property line.
A.
Deceleration or turning lanes may be required by the Township along existing and proposed streets whenever the Board determines such lanes as required to meet reasonable safety needs, as determined by a traffic impact study, § 162-42.
B.
Deceleration lanes shall be designed to the following
standards:
(1)
The lane shall have a minimum width of 12 feet, or
in the case of intersections with state highways, such width as is
required by the applicable regulations and standards of PennDOT.
(2)
The lane shall provide the full required lane width
for the entire length which shall be measured from the center line
of the intersecting road. In addition, there shall be a seventy-five-foot
taper provided at the beginning of the lane so that traffic can leave
the main traveled lane smoothly. The minimum length of the deceleration
lane shall be 150 feet.
C.
Acceleration lanes are required only when the need
is indicated by a traffic impact study. The design shall be as per
the recommendation of the Township Engineer. As necessary, a paved
taper shall be provided for right-hand turns.
A.
Service streets are prohibited in subdivisions for
single-family detached residences, except where required to avoid
direct driveway access to arterial streets.
B.
No part of any dwelling, garage or other structure
shall be located within 16 feet of the center line of a service street.
C.
Except where other adequate provision is made for
off-street loading and parking consistent with the use proposed, service
streets shall be required in commercial and industrial districts and
shall have a minimum paved width of 22 feet.
D.
Dead-end service streets shall be avoided, but where
this proves impossible, dead-end service streets shall be terminated
with a paved circular turnaround either:
E.
Service street intersections and sharp changes in
alignment shall be avoided, but, where necessary, corner lot curblines
shall be rounded or cut back sufficiently to permit safe and vehicular
circulation.
F.
Wherever service streets are proposed, the ownership and maintenance of such streets shall be the responsibility of the individual lot owners, homeowners' association or similar entity. Maintenance of such streets shall conform to the maintenance guarantee requirements of § 162-64, prescribed herein.
[Amended 11-3-1997 by Ord. No. 97-08; 12-15-2003 by Ord. No.
03-06; 11-5-2007 by Ord. No. 07-10]
All streets, public or private, shall be paved
in accordance with this section, or as otherwise specified by the
Township regulations, and when all required improvements have been
properly installed as per the Township Engineer.
A.
Subgrade. Whenever possible, the subgrade shall be
in cut or undisturbed subsoil. In no case shall the subgrade consist
of filled or undisturbed topsoil or frozen soils. All deleterious
material such as tree roots, leaves, branches, trash, stones exceeding
six inches in diameter and miscellaneous construction debris shall
be removed from the subgrade. Compaction shall be accomplished by
a sheep's-foot, smooth-wheel or rubber-tired roller, at the discretion
of the Township Engineer. The subgrade shall be compacted tight and
dry and shall not be soft and spongy when check rolled. Compaction
of the subgrade shall extend the full width of the cartway, including
the width to be occupied by shoulders where applicable. The required
road crown shall be built into the shaped subgrade. Soil testing by
a qualified geotechnical engineer may be required at the Township's
discretion.
B.
Base course. The base course shall be constructed
of:
(1)
Coarse material: The coarse material shall be Type
2A, or better stone, compacted to a depth of no less than five inches,
meeting the requirements of PennDOT Publication 408, Section 703.2
and Table C, latest edition.
(2)
Superpave asphalt mixture design: HMA base course,
PG 64-22, 3.0 to 10.0 million ESALs, 25.0 mm mix, five-inch depth
in accordance with PennDOT Publication 408, Section 409, latest edition.
(3)
All streets shall be laid out and the base course
installed subsequent to the commencement of construction of any structure,
building or facility.
C.
Binder course. A superpave asphalt mixture design,
HMA binder course, PG 64-22, 3.0 to 10.0 million ESALs, 25.0 mm mix,
three-inch depth meeting the requirements of PennDOT Publication 408,
Section 409, latest edition, shall be applied over the base course.
In no case shall the binder course be applied over a frozen, saturated
or excessively dirt-laden base course. The binder course shall be
applied only when the temperature is at least 45° F. and rising.
D.
Wearing course. After proper cleaning, repairing and
preparation of the binder course as directed by the Township Engineer,
a superpave asphalt mixture design, HMA wearing course, PG 64-22,
3.0 to 10.0 million ESALs, 9.5 mm mix, one-and-five-tenths-inch depth,
SRL-H shall be placed over the binder course. The wearing course shall
be applied only when the temperature is at least 45° F. and rising.
E.
The wearing course shall be applied with a paving
machine of sufficient width to create only one center seam (e.g.,
a thirty-two-foot-wide cartway shall be paved with a minimum sixteen-foot-wide
paver). The wearing course shall be compacted with an eight-to-ten-ton
vibratory roller.
F.
After application of the wearing course, all curb,
inlet, manhole, etc., joints shall be sealed with PG 64-22 joint seal,
applied in neat lines with a minimum width of six inches (PennDOT
Publication 408, Section 702, latest edition).
G.
All Township streets shall have a crown with a cross
slope of 2%, sloping away from the center line, unless otherwise directed
by The Township Engineer.
The following standards shall apply to private
streets:
A.
No more than five lots shall be served by a private
street. In the case where lots served by a private street are capable
of further subdivision, and, therefore, having the potential to exceed
the five-lot limit, the private street shall be designed in accordance
with public street standards for a local street.
B.
All private streets shall be constructed with a base
course of eight inches of PennDOT type 3A-modified placed on a prepared
and compacted dry subgrade. The base course shall be shaped and rolled
to provide a two-inch crown or sloped laterally to facilitate drainage
and shall be covered with 1 1/2 inches to ID-2 compacted binder
course followed by one inch of ID-2 compacted wearing course, a minimum
of 18 feet wide.
C.
As a condition to final plan approval, an agreement
providing for the maintenance, repair, construction and reconstruction,
including drainage facility maintenance and snowplowing of private
streets, shall be submitted to the Township for approval.
D.
Any subdivision or land development application proposing
six or more lots or units served by an internal street shall be designed
in accordance with Township public street standards.
A.
General.
(1)
Any person, partnership or corporation wishing to
construct or alter a driveway onto a public right-of-way shall first
make application to the Building Code Officer or other designated
official of the Township, present plans and obtain a permit for said
construction.
(2)
No building permit will be issued without first obtaining
a permit to construct such driveway.
(3)
Private driveways, whether individual or common, on
center lots shall be located at least 50 feet for local roads and
100 feet for collector and arterial roads from the point of intersection
of the nearest street right-of-way lines. For any lots other than
corner lots, driveways shall be located at least 100 feet from the
point of intersection of the nearest street right-of-way lines.
B.
Plans. A plan shall be submitted with each application
which shall include at least the following:
(1)
Site plan of driveway within 25 feet of public right-of-way
and 25 feet to each side of center line of the driveway;
(2)
Adjacent driveways or streets within 100 feet;
(3)
Profile of driveway with existing and proposed grading
within the area of the site plan and existing or proposed public road.
C.
Construction.
(1)
Grade. The driveway within the legal right-of-way
of the public road shall not have a grade in excess of 5%. So much
of the driveway that extends from the legal right-of-way for a distance
of 25 feet shall not have a grade exceeding 16%.
(2)
Material. The driveway shall be constructed with a
base of Pennsylvania 3A stone compacted to four inches and a surface
of a minimum of 1 1/2 inch ID-2 bituminous wearing course.
(3)
Width. No driveway shall be less than 12 feet wide
within the limits of the legal right-of-way.
(4)
Unobstructed site distance. No permit shall be issued
for any driveway, nor shall any driveway be constructed whereon the
site distance from a point 12 feet from the edge of the cartway of
the public road upon which the driveway opens is less than 100 feet
in either direction with respect to the view of oncoming traffic.
(5)
A minimum of one parking space within the right-of-way
but off the paved cartway shall be provided where the grade beyond
the right-of-way exceeds 8%.
D.
Drainage.
(1)
The gutter line, wherever possible, shall be maintained
as a paved swale. It shall have a maximum depth of four inches and
a minimum width of 24 inches.
(2)
A pipe may only be placed under the drive entrances
when approved by the Township Engineer. The condition where a pipe
will be accepted will be governed by the gutter depth on each side
of the drive. The minimum pipe size under driveway will be determined
by the Township Engineer.
A.
Curbs shall be required to be installed to facilitate
stormwater runoff on all proposed streets, unless otherwise specified
by the Board.
B.
Where required, curbs shall be installed along both
sides of all proposed streets. Curbs shall be the vertical type.
C.
In areas where curb is not used, satisfactory provisions,
such as drainage swales, must be made to avoid erosion. The use of
drainage swales will be allowed only on streets with a grade less
than 7%. Swales shall not be used when velocity of runoff exceeds
two FPS. Curb must be provided for streets with a grade in excess
of 7%.
D.
Curbs shall be provided on all new parking areas located
within a land development.
E.
All curbs shall conform to specification for Class
A concrete, as specified by PennDOT, with a minimum compressive strength
of 3,000 psi after 28 days.
G.
Curbing shall be constructed in ten-foot lengths.
A premolded expansion material having a minimum thickness of 1/4 inch
shall be placed between sections of curved curb and at intervals of
not more than 30 feet. Intermediate joints between ten-foot sections
shall be formed of two layers of single-ply bituminous paper.
H.
The depressed curb at driveways shall be no higher
than 1 1/2 inches above the street surface. The length of this
depressed curb shall not exceed 35 feet without a safety island. This
safety island shall not be less than 15 feet in length. Pipes or grates
or other constructions shall not be placed in the gutter to form a
driveway ramp.
I.
Excavations shall be made to the required depth, and
the material upon which the curb is to be constructed shall be compacted
to a firm, even surface. Where the subgrade is soft or spongy, as
determined by the Township Engineer, a layer of crushed stone not
less than four inches thick shall be placed under the curb.
J.
Where it is necessary to replace existing vertical
curbs with depressed curbing, two ten-foot-long sections of existing
curb shall be removed down to the subgrade without disturbing the
adjacent cartway paving. Any portions of the cartway disturbed during
curbing removal or installation will be repaired to new condition.
K.
When curbing must be cut for depressed curb installation,
the length of the remaining section shall be no less than four feet
between expansion joints and the cut shall be made in a neat manner
with a power saw equipped with a proper masonry cutting blade.
L.
Any depressed curb sections that are unused when a
development or phase of a development is completed shall be completely
removed and replaced with full section upright curbing to line and
grade of adjacent curbing. Forming and pouring vertical curbing on
top of an existing curb depression will not be permitted.
[Amended 12-15-2003 by Ord. No. 03-06]
A.
Proposed streets which are obviously in alignment
with already existing and named streets shall bear the names of the
existing streets.
B.
In no case shall the name of a proposed street duplicate,
or be similar to, an existing street name in the Township and in the
postal district, irrespective of the use of the suffix street, road,
avenue, boulevard, driveway, place, court, lane, etc.
C.
All street names shall be subject to the approval
of both the Township Planning Commission and the local Postmaster.
A.
Sidewalks may be required on both sides of new streets
in residential subdivisions or land developments. Sidewalks may be
required on only one side of the street in subdivisions or land developments
if there are residential lots on only one side of the street.
B.
Sidewalks shall be required in any subdivision or
land development where it is desirable, in the opinion of the Board,
to continue sidewalks that are existing in adjacent developments,
or to provide access to community facilities (schools, shopping areas,
recreational areas, etc.), or to insure the safety of pedestrians
in unusual or peculiar conditions with respect to prospective traffic.
C.
Sidewalks shall be provided along all new streets
and parking areas located in nonresidential subdivisions or land developments
unless it can be shown, to the satisfaction of the Board, that pedestrian
traffic does not follow or mix with vehicular traffic, in which case,
both sidewalks and curbs may not be required.
D.
Sidewalks shall be located within the street right-of-way
a minimum of one foot from the right-of-way line. Generally, a grass
planting strip should be provided between the curb and sidewalk.
E.
All sidewalks shall conform to specifications for
Class A concrete, as specified by PennDOT, with a minimum compression
strength of 3,000 psi after 28 days.
F.
Sidewalks shall be a minimum of four feet wide except
along collector and arterial streets and adjacent to shopping centers,
schools, recreational areas and other community facilities, where
they shall be a minimum of five feet wide.
G.
Where sidewalks abut the curb and a building, wall
or other permanent structure, a premolded expansion joint 1/4 inch
in thickness shall be placed between curb and the sidewalk for the
full length of such structure. Sidewalks shall be constructed in separate
slabs 30 feet in length except for closures. The slabs between expansion
joints shall be divided into blocks five feet in length by scoring
transversely.
H.
Sidewalks shall have a minimum thickness of four inches
when used solely for pedestrian traffic and a minimum thickness of
six inches at all driveways. Welded wire fabric (6/6-10/10) shall
be provided in all sidewalk constructed at driveways.
I.
Excavation shall be made to the required depth and
a layer of crushed stone or cinders not less than four inches thick
shall be placed and thoroughly compacted prior to laying the sidewalks
when used solely for pedestrian traffic and a minimum thickness of
six inches at all driveways.
[Amended 12-15-2003 by Ord. No. 03-06]
[1]
Editor's Note: Former § 162-43, Storm sewers, of
the 2006 Code, added 12-15-2003 by Ord. No. 03-06, was repealed 12-16-2013
by Ord. No. 2013-05.
