[Adopted 5-9-1966 by Ord. No. 129
(Ch. 21, Part 2, of the 1994 Code)]
This article shall be known and may be cited as the “Hatfield
Township Curb and Sidewalk Ordinance of 1966.”
As used in this article, the following terms shall have the meanings
indicated:
Hatfield Township Engineer.
An authorized representative of the Engineer assigned to make necessary
inspections of materials furnished and work performed by the contractor.
Hatfield Township.
This article is enacted for the following purposes: to insure proper
construction methods and materials are used and to provide for the harmonious
development of the Township.
All construction or reconstruction or repairing of curbs and sidewalks
along any ordained street or alley or any street or alley intended or proposed
for ordination at some future date shall be done under the provisions, rules
and regulations of this article, and along any streets shown on a subdivision,
garden apartments, high rise apartments and shopping center.
The Engineer of the Township or his duly authorized agent shall have
the authority and power to give a citation to cease and desist curb or sidewalk
work within the Township violating any of the provisions, rules or regulations
specified in this article.
[Amended 9-28-1994 by Ord. No. 420]
No curb or sidewalk construction or reconstruction or repairs shall
be performed by or for any property owner unless the property owner or person
doing the work shall first have obtained from the Township Engineer a permit
for such work, which permit shall be valid for a period of 60 days. The permit
fee is to be established from time to time by resolution of the Board of Commissioners.
It will be a violation to do any work without having first secured this permit.
In securing a permit the applicant shall state the following:
All curb and sidewalk construction or reconstruction shall be subject
to the inspection and approval at any time by the Township Engineer or his
authorized representative. The interpretation of any sections, rules, regulations
or requirements of this article shall be by the Township Engineer or an authorized
representative. Any exceptions for particular cases or reasons will be given
to any property owner only after a written request directed to the Township
Engineer is made stating the particular cause or reason why any exception
is applicable. If the Township Engineer or an authorized representative shall
find any curb or sidewalk construction or reconstruction being done contrary
to any parts of this article, then the same shall be corrected immediately
or penalties as provided in this article shall be enforced by the Township
Engineer in accordance with authority of the Township Commissioners so given
to him.
[Amended 4-12-1973 by Ord. No. 129-A]
A.
Concrete for curb construction shall be herein known
as “cement concrete Type A,” which is described as follows:
(1)
Description. Cement concrete shall consist of air-entrained
portland cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water and shall conform
to the requirements, design and control herein specified.
(2)
Materials. The cement shall be air-entrained portland
cement Type 1A and comply with specification for air-entrained portland cement
(ASTM C-175). The fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand, clean, sound,
free from vegetable matter or other deleterious substance and conform to Standard
Specifications for Concrete Aggregates (ASTM C-33). The course aggregate shall
consist of Pennsylvania Department of Highway Type A size 1B stone or gravel
and conform to Standard Specifications for Concrete Aggregates (ASTM C-33).
The water used in mixing concrete shall be clean and free from deleterious
amounts of acids, alkalis, oils, salts or organic materials.
(3)
Design. The design of the mix shall be based on a water-cement
ratio. The water content shall not exceed six gallons per sack of portland
cement. Surface water contained in the aggregate shall be included as part
of the mixing water in computing water content. The concrete designed shall
have a compressive strength of not less than 3,000 psi at the age of 28 days;
and have an entrained air content of at least 3%, but not more than 6%. The
proportions of aggregate to cement for the concrete shall be such as to produce
a workable plastic mixture. The combined aggregates shall be of such proportions
that when separated on the No. 4 standard sieve, the fine aggregate shall
not be less than 30% nor greater than 50% of the total aggregates. The allowable
slump shall be kept as low as possible consistent with practicable workability
of the concrete and shall not exceed three inches at any time.
(4)
Mixing. All concrete materials shall be measured by weight
so that the proportions can be accurately controlled and easily checked at
any time by the Engineer. The concrete shall be mixed until there is a uniform
distribution of the materials and shall be discharged completely before the
mixer is recharged. Each batch shall be mixed at the rated mixing speed for
not less than 1 1/2 minutes after all the ingredients have been deposited
into the drum. Mixers shall not be charged with the batches of materials in
excess of their rated capacities. When the concrete is ready-mixed, all the
ingredients shall be properly charged into the drum at the rated mixing speed.
Upon completion of the designated number of mixing revolutions, the speed
of the drum shall be reduced to an agitating speed of from two to four RPM.
When the final portion of the batch water is added at the work site, the drum
shall be rotated at mixing speed for at least 20 revolutions. Any error in
proportioning the materials of a batch or an excessive slump, either by accident
or by intent, will be cause to reject the batch. Concreting operations shall
cease when a descending air temperature falls below 40° Fahrenheit or
when the concrete is likely to be subjected to freezing before the final set
has occurred and not be resumed until an ascending air temperature reaches
35° Fahrenheit. Any concrete placed during cold weather is at the contractor's
risk and any frozen or damaged concrete shall be removed and replaced at the
contractor's expense. No mix shall contain more than 2% of calcium chloride.
B.
Plain cement concrete curb shall be installed. No curb/gutter
combination shall be used.
C.
Construction methods.
(1)
Materials. Concrete, bituminous paper, premolded expansion
joint and cover for curing and protecting the concrete shall all comply with
the requirements of the specifications and be subject to the approval of the
Engineer.
(2)
Construction methods.
(a)
The forms for curb shall be Township Engineer approved
metal, except wood forms may be used on sharp curves. Forms shall be straight,
free from warp, and of sufficient strength when staked to resist pressure
of the concrete without springing and for the full depth of the concrete.
Steel templates one-eighth- to one-fourth-inch in thickness of the cross section
of the curb shall be used to separate adjacent sections. All forms and templates
shall be cleansed thoroughly and treated with a Township Engineer approved
material, as required, to prevent concrete from adhering thereto. Materials
which will adhere to or discolor the cement shall not be used. Forms and templates
which have become worn, bent, warped or broken shall not be used. The forms
shall be accurately set to line and grade in such a manner as to prevent settlement
or displacement.
(b)
Excavation shall be made to the required depth and the
material upon which the curb is to be constructed shall be compacted to a
firm, even surface. All soft and spongy or other unsuitable material shall
be removed from the subgrade and the foundation shall be compacted thoroughly
and finished to a uniform surface.
(c)
The concrete shall be placed in the forms in horizontal
layers and spaded sufficiently to eliminate all voids. A vibrator may be used
with the permission of the Engineer. Drainage openings and curb depressions
shall be made as indicated or directed.
(d)
The curb shall be 22 inches in depth, seven inches wide
at the top, battened on the face for a width of eight inches at the top gutter
which is eight inches below the top of the curb and eight inches wide at the
bottom.
(e)
The top surface of the curb shall be finished with a
slope of one-fourth-inch per foot toward the gutter and the upper outside
edge shall be finished to a three-fourths-inch radius, and the inside edge
shall be finished to a one-fourth-inch radius. The front face shall be battered
and the back shall be vertical.
(f)
The curb shall be constructed in uniform lengths or sections
of 10 feet except where shorter sections are necessary for closure of curbs;
but no section shall be less than four feet. Premolded expansion joint 1/2
inch in thickness and cut to conform with the cross section of the curb shall
be placed at ends of curved sections and at intervals of not more than 50
feet. Intermediate joints between sections shall be formed of two thicknesses
of one-ply bituminous paper cut neatly to the cross section of the curb and
one paper placed on each side of the template.
(g)
The form for the face of the curb should be removed as
soon as the concrete has set sufficiently to permit finishing of the curb
face.
(h)
The back form shall not be removed within 24 hours after
the concrete has been placed. Any irregular surface shall be corrected by
rubbing with carborundum stone. All joints in the curb shall be opened from
top to bottom immediately after the forms are removed and the edges adjacent
to the joint shall be sharp and clean cut. After the forms are removed, honeycombed
places and other minor defects shall be filled with mortar composed
of one part cement and two parts sand, which shall be applied with a wooden
float. Brush finishing or plastering will not be permitted.
(j)
When the concrete is cured and all defects have been
repaired, the curb shall be backfilled with acceptable material and thoroughly
compacted to the required elevation and cross section. The top four inches
of the backfill shall consist of soil suitable for growing grass.
D.
Curbing of portland cement concrete shall conform with
the following:
(1)
Description. This covers the materials and methods for
curing portland cement concrete through the application of wet coverings,
waterproof paper, liquid membrane seal coats; and the protection of the concrete
against low temperatures.
(2)
Wet coverings.
(a)
Materials. Cotton cloth covering shall weigh not less
than 6.3 ounces per square yard and have an average of 32 threads in warp
and 28 threads in filling. Burlap of jute covering for cotton mats shall weigh
not less than 6.7 ounces per square yard with eight threads to warp and eight
threads in filling. It shall be the grade known commercially as "firsts."
The filling material for the west shall be cotton bats weighing not less than
12 ounces per square yard. The mats shall consist of a filling material of
cotton bats covered with unsized cloth and tufted or stitched to maintain
the shape and stability of the unit under job conditions of handling. Burlap
to be used as a curing material shall be composed of not less than 95% jute
or jute and manilla fibers and shall be free of fresh or salt water stain.
The average dry weight shall be nine ounces per square yard. The burlap shall
have had no contact with lanolin, wool, sugar, molasses, or other substances
that might have a deleterious effect upon fresh concrete.
(b)
Construction method. When the concrete has set sufficiently,
it shall be completely covered with a single thickness of cotton mats or a
double thickness of burlap and kept saturated with water for 72 hours. The
covers shall be placed snugly against the concrete so as to not form any air
pockets between the covers and the concrete. The covers shall extend at least
six inches beyond the forms and lap adjoining covers by at least 12 inches.
(3)
Waterproof paper or plastic materials.
(a)
Materials. Waterproof paper shall consist of two sheets
of plain kraft paper cemented together with a bituminous cement in which are
embedded cords or strands of fiber running in both directions of the paper,
not more than 1 1/4 inches apart. The paper shall be light in color,
shall be free of visible defects and shall have a uniform appearance. It shall
be sufficiently strong to permit its use on highway work without tearing or
becoming unfit for its intended use. Nontranslucent plastics meeting the requirements
of waterproof paper may also be used.
(b)
Construction method. When the concrete has set sufficiently,
it shall be entirely covered with waterproof paper in such a manner that the
surface will not be marred. The paper shall be lapped at least 12 inches,
be held securely in place without any air pockets forming between the paper
and concrete and extend at least six inches beyond the forms. The waterproof
paper shall remain in place for 72 hours. The paper may be reused only so
long as it provides a moistureproof seal over the concrete.
(4)
Membrane seal coats.
(a)
Materials. Liquid membrane seal coat curing material,
when tested in accordance with the method described in ASTM C156-52-T, shall
provide a film which will retain at least 90% of the water in test specimen
at the end of three days. The compound shall be of a consistency suitable
for spraying at temperatures existing at the time of construction operations.
The curing compound shall be nonbituminous and shall not react deleteriously
with the wet concrete. Any softening of the concrete revealed in this way
should be considered sufficient cause for rejection of the materials unless
it can be shown that it has been used with satisfactory results. The compound
shall produce no darkening in the natural color of the concrete. It shall,
however, be treated with a fugitive dye that the film will be distinctly visible
for at least four hours after application. The compound shall be relatively
nontoxic. The liquid membrane curing compound shall be delivered to the job
site in the manufacturer's original container clearly labeled to show
the name of the manufacturer and the contents.
(b)
Construction method. Immediately after finishing, and
when the free water has disappeared, all exposed surfaces of the wet concrete
shall be sealed by spraying thereon by mechanical equipment, the curing material
as a fine mist in such manner as to provide a uniform, water-impermeable film
without marring the surface. The material shall be applied at a rate sufficient
to form a covering, when dry, that is continuous, flexible and without breaks
or pinholes. The containers of membrane sealing compound shall be thoroughly
agitated immediately before the material is used to avoid segregation of the
solids.
(5)
Temperature control.
(a)
Construction method. If existing or anticipated air temperatures
are such that newly placed concrete may be damaged by low temperatures or
freezing, the concrete shall be protected from freezing for seven days. The
protective covering shall consist of 12 inches of dry hay, dry straw or salt
hay, covered with one layer of curing paper. Other protective methods must
be approved by the Engineer.
E.
Radius curbs. A radius curb shall be constructed at all
intersections. The minimum radius for any curb at a street intersection shall
be 15 feet, with twenty-foot radius being preferred. The minimum radius at
any alley shall be five feet and the minimum radius for a driveway four feet.
These radius curbs to be of standard cross section for their entire length.
The face edge of all radius curbs to be protected with a one-and-five-eighths-inch
Truscon or approved equal curb bar. In the case of private driveway crossing
any sidewalk, if the width of the driveway is less than 15 feet, the curb
may be depressed across the driveway by providing a sloping section at either
side with a slope of six inches per foot.
F.
Curbs and paving shall be constructed for the full width
of all streets as may be judged necessary by the Board of Commissioners.
[Amended 4-12-1973 by Ord. No. 129-A]
A.
Sidewalks, where required, shall be required on each
side of every street and on the side of every street on which the subdivision
abuts.
B.
All concrete mixes and construction methods shall conform
with the following:
(1)
Cement concrete sidewalk.
(a)
Description. Cement concrete sidewalk including driveway ramps, shall consist of concrete complying with the requirements of § 246-8D and placed on a prepared foundation and constructed to the dimensions herein specified.
(b)
Materials. The concrete, premolded expansion joints,
and materials for curing and protecting the concrete shall all comply with
the requirements of the specifications and be subject to the approval of the
Engineer.
(2)
Construction methods.
(a)
The foundation shall be formed at the required depth
below and parallel with the finished surface of the sidewalk. All soft and
yielding or otherwise unsuitable material shall be removed and replaced with
suitable material. The foundation shall be thoroughly compacted by using a
"Wacher Ramner," Racine "101," Master "Jumping-Jack" or comparable compactor
and be finished to a smooth firm surface. "A4" approved crushed stone base
shall be placed on top of the compacted foundation. The sidewalk shall be
four feet wide and four inches in thickness, except at driveways, where the
thickness shall be increased to a minimum eight inches for the full width
of the driveway. Driveway ramps shall extend from the edge of the sidewalk
to the back edge of the curb and be of eight inches in thickness for the full
width of the driveway.
(b)
Forms shall be of wood or metal, straight, free from
warp, and of sufficient strength when staked to resist the pressure of the
concrete without springing. If of wood, they shall be two-inch planks surfaced
on the inside and top; or if metal, they shall be of approved section. Forms
shall be of a depth equal to the depth of the concrete and shall be cleaned
thoroughly and oiled each time they are used before concrete is placed against
them. Forms that have become worn, bent, or damaged shall not be used.
(c)
Sidewalks shall be constructed in separate slabs 24 feet
long except for closures. These slabs shall be separated by transverse premolded
expansion joints 1/4 inch thick for the full depth of the concrete. All joints
shall be at right angles to the lines of the sidewalk and perpendicular to
the surface of the walk. The slabs between expansion joints shall be divided
into blocks four feet in length by scoring transversely. Transverse scoring
shall extend for a depth of at least 1/3 the thickness of the concrete slab.
(d)
Premolded one-fourth-inch expansion joints shall be placed
longitudinally for the full depth of the concrete where the sidewalk slab
is to be constructed in contact with curb. Where existing structures such
as light standards, poles, and fire hydrants are within the limits of the
sidewalk area, the concrete around such structures shall be scored in blocks
eight inches wider than the structure. Prior to placing the concrete around
such structures a one-half-inch expansion joint shall be placed around the
structure for the full depth of the concrete in the sidewalk.
(e)
The concrete shall be proportioned and mixed in accordance with § 246-8. The concrete shall be placed in the forms and spaded sufficiently to eliminate all voids. The concrete shall be struck off and given a wood float finish without the addition of cement to the surface. An edger having a radius of 1/4 inch shall be used for edging all joints. Side forms shall not be removed until 24 hours after the concrete has been placed. After removal of the forms, honeycombed areas shall be filled with mortar composed of one part of cement and two parts of fine aggregate and applied with a wooden float.
(f)
The concrete shall be cured by any of the methods described in § 246-8 of this article. If the contractor desires to change the method of curing he must first secure the written approval of the Engineer.
(g)
As soon as the forms are removed, the edges of the concrete
shall be cured as provided for the surface.
(h)
After the concrete has been cured and all defects have
been repaired, the entire sidewalk area shall be backfilled with acceptable
material and shall be thoroughly compacted to the required elevation and cross
section. The top four inches of the backfill shall consist of soil suitable
for growing grass.
C.
On residential streets with a right-of-way of 50 feet
there must be a thirty-four-foot cartway between curbs and a three-and-one-half-foot
grass plot between curbs and sidewalks, leaving six-inch grass plots between
sidewalks and lines. On secondary, commercial and primary streets and roads,
the Township Engineer will specify the location of the sidewalk so as to conform
with the overall plan for the particular area in question.
D.
Grading of sidewalk areas should be carried to the full
width of the right-of-way, with slopes of 1/2 inch per foot on the grass portions
and 1/4 inch per foot on the sidewalk.
Any opening in the surface of the street or gutter caused or made in
connection with the construction or reconstruction or repair of any sidewalk
or curbing shall be repaired and the surface replaced immediately upon the
completion of the sidewalk or curbing work.
[Amended 9-28-1994 by Ord. No. 420]
Any person who shall violate any provision of this article shall, upon
conviction thereof, be sentenced to pay a fine not exceeding $600, and costs,
and, in default of payment thereof, shall be subject to imprisonment for a
term not to exceed 30 days. Each day that a violation of this article continues
shall constitute a separate offense.
