Before placing any base material in a street, all underground work must first have been installed (including customer services and laterals) and tested for leaks, as applicable in the presence of a representative of the Township. No backfilling of trenches or other backfilling shall be performed except in the presence of a representative of the Township. Copies of all material slips shall be provided to Township inspectors or representatives daily.
A. 
All contractors and land developers shall comply with Pennsylvania Act 38, "Underground Utilities," prior to commencement of any work. Proof of notification shall be provided to the Township in the form of a PA One-Call transaction number and evidence of response from the utility companies.
B. 
All openings, excavations, restorations and other similar operations within the Township, county or state rights-of-way will be permitted only after proper issuance of a Township road opening permit and the payment of any fees as required in the permit.
C. 
Before any construction has commenced for any site, a preconstruction meeting shall be conducted at the Hatfield Township Municipal Building with the developer, builder, applicable site subcontractors, zoning/building official, Township Manager, Township Engineer, inspectors and other persons deemed necessary by the Township.
A. 
Codes. All work shall be performed in accordance with the latest editions of the applicable parts of the following codes except as herein qualified:
(1) 
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Transportation:
(a) 
Specifications: Form 408.
(b) 
Standards for Roadway Construction, Publication No. 72.
(c) 
Bulletin No. 43: Specifications for Controls and Protection of Traffic on Construction and Maintenance Projects.
(d) 
Pennsylvania Code, Title 67, Chapter 459, "Occupancy of Highways by Utilities."
(2) 
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry:
(a) 
Regulations for Trenching and Excavations.
(3) 
OSHA:
(a) 
Regulations on Trenching and Excavations.
(4) 
All local, state, or other laws and regulations governing blasting.
B. 
Dimensions. The sides of trenches and other excavations shall be cut to the minimum dimension adequate to perform the work and in a manner to provide safe working area within the applicable laws.
C. 
Rock. Rock excavation shall be accomplished by drilling and wedging or blasting as permitted. Rock shall be fully taken out at least 25 feet in advance of pipelaying and to a depth at least eight inches below the bottom of bedding for pipe. Rock excavation for structures shall be removed to the bottom of concrete.
D. 
Blasting. Blasting for excavation shall be permitted only after securing the written permission of the Township. Appropriate insurance in amounts specified by the Township shall be provided prior to any blasting. The Township reserves the right to regulate the time of blasting and all protective measures required for safety. The type, strength of explosives used, and storage facilities shall also be approved by the Township. All handling of explosives and blasting operations shall be done by workmen licensed for this work.
E. 
Shoring. Excavation for pipe and structures shall be properly and adequately shored at all times. When directed by the Township, tight wood sheeting (approved steel sheeting optional) shall be installed for the protection of the workmen, property and the work. Voids found behind sheeting shall be immediately filled with granular material and compacted. Sheeting left in place, if so permitted by the Township, shall be cut off approximately two feet below groundwater.
F. 
Over excavation. Should the excavation be inadvertently cut to a depth greater than required by the plans or should the Engineer require greater depth to remove unsuitable material, backfilling to the proper grade shall be done with Form 408 No. 1 screenings or Form 408 2A material as the situation requires.
G. 
Storage of excavated materials.
(1) 
The contractor shall classify, separate and store materials as may be required for reuse in backfilling, repaving or replacing topsoil. If he prefers not to separate surface materials, he shall furnish replacement materials of equal quantity and quality as directed to replace the displaced material.
(2) 
Excavated material shall be placed outside Township rights-of-way and in a fashion so as not to interfere with traffic on the streets and driveways in an unreasonable manner. All surplus excavated material shall be removed from the site of the work and disposed of, but none shall be deposited on private property until written consent of the owner has been obtained and a copy filed with the Township.
H. 
Maintaining traffic on existing streets. Vehicular traffic lanes on existing streets shall be kept open at all times in accordance with applicable work zone protection standards. Signs, barricades, fences, and other protective devices as may be required shall be installed and maintained.
I. 
Tracking mud. Only approved equipment shall be permitted for transporting loose or wet materials. Vehicle tires shall be cleaned prior to leaving the job site as necessary to prevent the tracking of mud or dust in the existing public travel way. Any mud, debris or other materials inadvertently left in the right-of-way shall be immediately cleared from the roadway in accordance with Township ordinances.
J. 
Backfilling.
(1) 
Materials for backfilling of existing public streets shall be PennDOT Form 408 2A stone, or equal, as determined by the Township. All backfill material shall meet the approval of the Township Engineer. Any variations of this shall be approved by the Board of Commissioners and the Township Engineer.
(2) 
Materials for backfilling of streets under construction in general shall include the materials of the excavation, except backfill material shall not include topsoil, roots or other organic material, cinders, trash, stone six inches in largest dimension, frozen or excessively wet earth. Backfill material may include crushed stone. All backfill material shall meet the approval of the Engineer. Two A (2A) stone shall be required to be placed in all trenches.
(3) 
Placing and compacting. All pipe, including water, sanitary and storm sewer and driveway pipe, shall be bedded in minimum four inches of Form 408 No. 2B stone. After the pipe is placed and tested as may be required and when approved by the Township, backfill material consisting of Form 408 2A stone shall be placed to a height of six inches above the top of pipe. Thereafter, earth backfill shall be placed in loose layers not exceeding six inches and thoroughly compacted with a mechanical tamper approved by the engineer. Hydrohammers may be used only with prior permission of the Township. Backfilling around manholes, inlets, and other structures shall consist in placing approved materials in loose eight-inch layers and thoroughly mechanically compacting. Hand compacting and compacting by driving vehicles over the fill areas will not be approved.
(4) 
Restoration of existing streets. Backfilling of excavations within the cartway of an existing street shall be made in accordance with the specifications of the Hatfield Township road opening permit. Normally this elevation will be 11 inches below the top of the finished road surface. Then the edges of the existing macadam surrounding the excavation shall be square cut to a straight line, two inches of Form 408 No. 1 stone shall then be placed in the excavation and No. 4 stone to a compacted thickness of four inches installed. This stone shall then have No. 1 stone broomed in. The balance of the No. 4 stone base shall then be placed and compacted and No. 1 stone broomed in. Thereafter Form 408 ID-2A macadam shall be placed 1 1/2 inches of binder and one-inch wearing course. In place of the No. 4 stone base, the Township may require the placing of a concrete base eight inches thick and two feet wider than the trench. In certain cases, bituminous concrete base asphalt, or high early strength concrete, the thickness of which shall be determined by the Engineer, may be placed. In the case where the excavation is in the road shoulder, Form 408 "stabilized" shoulders may be required. When the excavation is in the gutter line, the gutter shall be paved with ID-2 binder as required by the Engineer.
(5) 
All fill material must be approved by the Township Engineer. Any material placed on a site without the Township Engineer's approval must be removed at no cost to the Township.
K. 
Tunneling and jacking.
(1) 
All methods of tunneling or jacking shall be approved by the Engineer and conform to PennDOT Form 408. Tunnels shall be of sufficient size to allow proper pipe installation. Tunnels shall be timbered to the extent necessary as directed by the Engineer.
(2) 
Where rock is encountered in a tunnel, it shall be removed to the lines prescribed by the Engineer.
(3) 
Tunnel sections shall be backfilled with suitable material and compacted by ramming and tamping from each end or grouted to provide proper stabilization.
(4) 
Pipes utilized as a sleeve or tunnel shall be demonstrated to be adequate to convey the material and live loads as well as function to convey the water, stormwater, sewage or other material.
L. 
Dewatering.
(1) 
All excavations shall be kept free of water during construction of structures, roads, pipelaying and backfilling operations. Temporary flumes, channels or pipes shall be used to divert water from the excavation.
(2) 
All water from any source shall be pumped or bailed to provide a dry trench and shall be discharged in such manner as not to cause injury to work completed, damage to property, health hazards or impediment to traffic. In no case shall water be permitted to rise into or flow through a completed sewer unless permitted by the Township.
M. 
Underground utilities and structures. The contractor shall be responsible for locating all existing underground utilities and structures in accordance with § 250-78, above. The contractor shall notify the owner(s) of the underground utilities or structures when any construction or excavation is planned. All utility services encountered shall be supported by timber struts or by other suitable means. Utilities or other structures located transversely across the trench shall be protected from damage or displacement.
N. 
Cleanup. Upon the completion of any work described in this or other sections herein, the area shall be thoroughly cleaned and all dirt, debris, materials, tools and equipment shall be removed, or hauled away, all to the satisfaction of the Township. Any paving or concrete surfaces damaged as a result of the construction shall be restored to the satisfaction of the Township.
All street construction must conform to the specifications incorporated in this section and be approved by the Township Engineer prior to acceptance by the Board of Commissioners. All grades, horizontal curves, vertical curves, intersections, sight distances and tangents shall conform to the requirements established by this chapter and demonstrate good engineering judgment and shall be subject to the approval of the Township Engineer.
A. 
Subbase. The bottom of the excavation and the top of the fill between the outer limits of the paving or base course, when completed, will be known as the "subgrade" and shall conform to the lines, grades and cross sections given. The subgrade for bituminous paving shall conform to the established line, grade and cross section as approved by Township. The subgrade shall be solidly compacted to a firm and unyielding state by rolling with a minimum of ten-ton power vibratory roller. Unstable or soft areas shall be removed and replaced with a 2A modified or approved fill and then rerolled as required to provide a uniform even surface.
(1) 
Construction methods. After the excavation or rough grading has been performed and all drains have been constructed, the subgrade will be fine graded and shaped to the proper cross section. It shall be brought to a firm unyielding surface by rolling the entire area with an approved vibratory power roller having a metal weight of not less than 10 tons. Solid rock, boulders, soft clay and all spongy materials which will not consolidate under the roller shall be removed from the subgrade to a depth to be determined by the Township Engineer or his field inspector. The space shall be filled with 2A modified or approved material from the excavation and the subgrade rerolled until it presents a smooth and firm surface of the proper shape and cross section. Maximum deviation shall not exceed 1/2 of an inch for the height and location of the crown.
(2) 
Material. Subbase shall be constructed of approved fill or 2A material in accordance with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Form 408, § 350.
(3) 
Compaction, where required by the Township, compaction testing results, certified by a Pennsylvania Department of Transportation approved laboratory shall be submitted indicating subbase areas meet or exceed 100% maximum dry weight density for the material. No construction traffic shall be permitted to use the subbase unless specifically approved by the Township.
B. 
Shoulder. Supporting shoulders shall be constructed on all sections of projects where a base course or pavement is to be constructed without concrete curb or other permanent support along the sides. All shoulders shall be thoroughly compacted and graded to provide drainage from the bituminous surface and subbase.
(1) 
Construction methods. Where concrete curbing is not to be constructed, shoulders are to be constructed adjacent to the paving of the proposed road.
(2) 
The width and type of construction, grade and construction methods of these shoulders are to be determined by, or must meet the approval of, the Township Engineer.
C. 
Paving base course. The base course shall be bituminous concrete base course or crushed aggregate base course if specifically approved by the Hatfield Township Board of Commissioners and Engineer.
D. 
Crushed aggregate base course. When crushed aggregate base course is used, it shall have a compressed thickness after compaction of 10 inches. Construction for the crushed aggregate base course will conform with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Form 408 Specification, latest edition, and the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Seldom Used Specifications, Section 310.
(1) 
Materials. The materials used and the construction methods shall meet the requirements of this specification. Type A stone meeting the requirement as specified in Section 310, Seldom Used Specifications, of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Form 408, shall be used.
(a) 
The coarse stone shall conform to the grading requirements as given in Section 703.2 for AASHTO No. 1 aggregate (old PA No. 4).
(b) 
The fine stone shall conform to the grading requirements as given in Section 703.2 for AASHTO No. 10 aggregate (old PA No. 1).
(2) 
Construction methods. The construction methods for the base course shall comply with the following:
(a) 
Before spreading any of the course material, the contractor or owner shall furnish a sufficient number of grade stakes to represent the finished grade of the proposed roadway as shown on the drawings. This shall be done to the satisfaction of the Township Engineer or his inspector.
(b) 
Fine material for initial layer. Prior to placing the course material, a layer of fine material, as specified, shall be spread uniformly over the subgrade as a bed filler at a minimum thickness of two inches.
(c) 
Spreading the course material. The crushed stone shall be placed in two four-inch layers and spread uniformly on the prepared subgrade so as to distribute the material to the required depth for the full width of the base, unless otherwise specified for part-width construction. Each course shall be thoroughly screened and rolled. This material shall not be placed on a wet and frozen subgrade. No material shall be placed without first obtaining the consent of the Township Engineer or his inspector. Not more than an average day's work shall be placed in advance of filling or rolling.
(d) 
Rolling course material. The course material shall be compacted by rolling with a vibratory power roller having a metal weight of not less than 10 tons. The rolling shall begin at the sides and progress to the center, except on superelevated curves where the rolling shall begin on the low side and progress to the high side. The rolling shall be parallel to the center line of the roadway, uniformly lapping each preceding track and covering the entire surface with the rear wheels, and continuing until the material does not creep or wave ahead of the roller wheels. Areas of the base inaccessible to the roller shall be satisfactorily compacted by means of approved tampers. The base course shall be compacted to insure no movement in the base.
(e) 
Application of fine material. The fine material generally shall be cast or spread in a series of thin applications, parallel with the roadway. If spread by hand, the spreading shall be performed with a sweeping motion of a square-pointed shovel alternately in opposite directions, this process being continued until no more material can be forced into the voids. Hand brooms shall be used to spread the material over the surface, to insure even distribution and filling of all voids in the course material. All excess filler material forming in piles or cakes upon the surface shall be loosened and scattered. The rolling of the surface shall be continued during the process of spreading the filler material and shall be as specified for rolling the course material. Additional filler shall be applied where necessary to fill the voids and the rolling continued until the base course is thoroughly compacted and firmly set. The quantity of filler material necessary shall be determined by the Township Engineer or his inspector. After the completion of the application and rolling of dry screening, the surface shall be sprinkled with water and rolled. If, at any time, subgrade material should become churned up or mixed with the base course materials, the contractor shall dig out and remove the mixture, reshape and compact the subgrade, and replace the materials removed with clean materials, which shall be filled and rolled until compacted satisfactorily.
E. 
Bituminous concrete base course. When bituminous concrete base course is used, it shall have a compressed thickness after compaction as indicated on the design drawings. Construction for the bituminous concrete base course will conform with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Form 408 Specifications, § 401, latest edition, and Subsection F below.
(1) 
Materials. Materials meeting the requirements as specified in § 401.2 of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Form 408 Specifications, shall be used.
F. 
Bituminous binder course ID-2. This course shall consist of hot-mixed, hot-laid asphaltic concrete, constructed on a prepared base course. The bituminous binder course shall have a total thickness, after final compaction, as specified in the plans or by the Township Engineer, but in no case shall be less than two inches after compaction. All street pavement cross sections, except where superelevated for curves, will be a minimum slope from the center of the road to the gutter of a minimum of 1/4 inch per foot to a maximum of 3/8 inch per foot.
(1) 
Materials. The materials shall conform with the requirements as given in § 401.2 of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Form 408 Specifications, latest edition.
(2) 
Construction methods. The surface course shall be Type ID-2 as specified in Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Specifications, Form 408, § 401.3, latest edition, and shall be applied in strict accordance therewith.
(3) 
No visible moisture shall be present prior to the laying of each course. Road surface temperature shall be 50° F. or greater, with the temperature rising. Conditions of wind, time of day, humidity and distance from supplier may be considered by the Township prior to the allowing of paving to proceed. All bituminous surface courses shall have a total thickness after compression of two inches. All street pavement cross sections, except where superelevated for curves, will be a minimum slope from the center of the road to the gutter of a minimum of 1/4 inch per foot to a maximum of 3/8 inch per foot.
(4) 
Copies of all material slips shall be provided to the Township Engineer prior to request for escrow release and payment.
(5) 
Core testing. If so required by the Township Engineer, core tests of a diameter of six inches shall be drilled at locations designated by the Township. One sample from each day's paving shall be tested to meet plant-mix formula, density, thickness, specific gravity and percent voids.
(6) 
Bituminous pavers. Use self-contained power-propelled units in accordance with Section 401.3d of a size and type equal to or exceeding a Barber Greene No. 235. Any paving machines shall be capable of paving streets up to 40 feet wide in two passes.
G. 
Bituminous wearing course, ID-2. This wearing course shall consist of a hot-mixed, hot-laid bituminous concrete constructed on a bituminous binder or bituminous concrete base course. The bituminous wearing course shall have a minimum thickness of one inch after compaction or more if required on design drawings. All street pavement cross sections shall, except where superelevated for curves, have a minimum slope from the center of the road of 1/4 inch per foot to a maximum 3/8 inch per foot.
(1) 
Materials. The materials shall conform with the requirements of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Form 408, § 401.2, as revised.
(2) 
Construction methods. The wearing course shall be Type ID-2 wearing as specified in the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Form 408, § 401.2, as revised, and shall be applied in strict accordance therewith.
(3) 
No visible moisture shall be present prior to the laying of each course. Road surface temperature shall be 50° F. or greater, with the temperature rising. Conditions of wind, time of day, humidity and distance from supplier may be considered by the Township prior to the allowing of paving to proceed. All bituminous wearing courses shall have a total thickness after compression of one inch. All street pavement cross sections, except where superelevated for curves, will have a minimum slope from the center of the road to the gutter of a minimum of 1/4 inch per foot to a maximum of 3/8 inch per foot.
(4) 
Copies of all material slips shall be provided to the Township Engineer prior to request for escrow release and payment.
(5) 
Core testing. If so required by the Township Engineer, core tests of a diameter of six inches shall be drilled at locations designated by the Township. One sample from each day's paving shall be tested to meet plant-mix formula, density, thickness, specific gravity and percent voids.
(6) 
Bituminous pavers. Use self-contained power-propelled units in accordance with Section 401.3d of a size and type equal to or exceeding a Barber Greene No. 235. Any paving machines shall be capable of paving streets up to 40 feet wide in two passes.
(7) 
The bituminous wearing course may not be placed between the dates of October 1 and May 1 except as expressly permitted by the Township.
(8) 
If more than seven days have passed between installation of pavement layers (BCBC to ID-2 Binder or ID-2 Binder to ID-2 Wearing) or if job conditions warrant, as determined by the Township Engineer, a tack coat shall be applied in accordance with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Form 408, § 460.
Curb construction shall conform to PennDOT Form 408, § 630.
A. 
Materials.
(1) 
Concrete shall conform to § 704.
(2) 
Premolded expansion joint materials shall conform to the requirements of Form 408, § 705.
(3) 
Covers for curing and protecting concrete shall conform to the requirements of Form 408.
B. 
Construction methods.
(1) 
Preparation of foundation. The material upon which the curb is to be constructed shall be compacted to a firm, even surface.
(2) 
Forms. Forms for the curb shall be set to the lines and grades shown on the plans, staked to resist the pressure of the concrete without springing and in a manner to resist settlement or displacement. These forms shall be of a depth equal to the depth of the curb, designed to permit secure fastening of the face and back forms at the top. These fastenings shall be constructed in a manner that will not obstruct satisfactory finishing and edging of the top of the curb but will permit removal of the inside face of forms. The outside or back forms shall be straight from top to bottom. The inside of the face forms shall have a batter from the top to bottom of curb as indicated on the drawings. Steel template 1/8 inch in thickness, or the width of the curb, and not less than 24 inches long shall be used to separate adjacent sections. All forms and templates will be thoroughly cleaned and treated with an approved material, before each use, to prevent concrete from adhering thereto.
C. 
Placing and finishing concrete. The concrete shall be placed in the forms in horizontal layers not to exceed five inches and spaced sufficiently to eliminate all voids. The curb shall be depressed as indicated or directed. The top surface of the curb shall be finished true to line and grade in a smooth, neat, even manner by means of wood floats. The edges of the face and back shall be rounded to a radius of one inch and 1/2 inch, respectively, while the concrete is still plastic.
D. 
Joints. Joints shall be constructed in accordance with § 630.3(e). The curbline shall be constructed in uniform lengths or sections of 10 feet, except where shorter sections are necessary for closures or curves, but no section shall be less than five feet. Premolded expansion joints 3/4 inch in thickness and cut to conform to the cross section of the curb shall be placed at the ends of sections of curved curb and at intervals of not more than 30 feet. Intermediate saw joints, 3/16 inch wide and two inches deep, shall be placed every 10 feet.
E. 
Removal of forms. The forms shall not be removed within 48 hours after the concrete has been placed. No rubbing to correct irregularities will be permitted until the full curing time has elapsed. Any irregular surface shall be corrected by rubbing with carborundum stone. Brush finishing or plastering will not be permitted, and all rejected curb shall be promptly removed and replaced at no expense to the owner. All joints in the curb shall be opened from the top to bottom immediately after the forms are removed; minor defects shall be filled with mortar composed of one part cement and two parts fine aggregate.
F. 
Curing. The curb shall be protected and cured by methods approved by the Engineer.
G. 
Curb at driveways shall be barricaded from any vehicular traffic for seven days after placing concrete.
H. 
Reinforcing. Curbs at driveway sections shall be 22 inches in depth and reinforced with two No. 4 rebars as directed by the Township.
A. 
Materials.
(1) 
Concrete shall conform to § 704.
(2) 
Premolded expansion joint material shall conform to the requirements of Form 408.
(3) 
Covers for curing and protecting concrete shall conform to the requirements of Form 408.
B. 
Construction methods.
(1) 
Preparation of foundation. The foundation shall be formed at a depth of eight inches below and parallel with the finished surface of the sidewalks and at a depth of 14 inches below and parallel with the finished surface of the driveway, unless otherwise indicated on the drawings or specified. Unsuitable material shall be removed and replaced with acceptable material, and the final prepared subbase shall be thoroughly compacted and finished to a firm even surface 2B stone to a compacted thickness of four inches shall be placed under all walks and driveways.
(2) 
Forms. Forms shall be of wood or metal, straight, and of sufficient strength when staked to resist the pressure of the concrete without springing. If of wood, they may be two inches by four inches or two inches by 10 inches for sidewalks and driveway, respectively, surfaced on the inside and the top; or if metal, they shall be of approved sections. Forms shall be thoroughly cleaned and oiled before concrete is placed against them.
(3) 
Joints. Sidewalks shall be constructed in separate slabs 30 feet in length except for closures. These slabs shall be separated by transverse premolded expansion joints, 1/4 inch in thickness, for the full depth of the concrete. Transverse premolded expansion joints shall also be placed adjacent to driveways and structures where directed. The slabs between expansion joints shall be divided into blocks five feet in length, by scoring transversely. Driveway apron joints shall conform to the detail shown on the drawings. All scoring shall extend to a depth of at least 1/4 inch thickness of the concrete slabs.
(4) 
Placing concrete. Before any concrete is placed, each section of the subgrade shall be checked and approved by the Engineer. Concrete shall be placed only on a moist subgrade. Concrete shall be deposited on the subgrade without segregation of materials and shall be spread by approved methods to the required depth. The concrete along the forms and transverse joints shall be thoroughly spaded. Driveways shall be 10 inches (full) thick from the curb to the back of the sidewalk. Sidewalks shall be of four inches thick-full dimension.
(5) 
Finishing. The concrete, as soon as placed, shall be accurately struck off and screened to the cross section shown on the drawings. Necessary hand finishing of joints and surface irregularities shall be performed from approved bridges which shall not rest on any concrete that has not attained the required strength. The surface shall be given a granular finish by rubbing with a wooden float and without adding cement to the surface. An edge having a one-fourth-inch radius shall be used for edging all joints. The concrete shall be protected and cured by methods approved by the Engineer.
(6) 
Removal of forms. Side forms shall not be removed within 24 hours after the concrete has been placed. After removal of the forms, minor honeycombed areas shall be filled with mortar composed of one part cement and two parts fine aggregate. Major honeycombed areas will be considered as defective work and shall be removed and replaced.
(7) 
Driveways shall be barricaded from any vehicular traffic for seven days after pouring the concrete.
A. 
Materials.
(1) 
Concrete shall conform to § 704.
(2) 
Premolded expansion joint material shall conform to the requirements of Form 408.
(3) 
Covers for curing and protecting concrete shall conform to the requirements of Form 408.
B. 
Construction methods.
(1) 
Preparation of foundation. The foundation shall be formed at a depth of eight inches below and parallel with the finished surface of the sidewalks and at a depth of 14 inches below and parallel with the finished surface of the driveway, unless otherwise indicated on the drawings or specified. Unsuitable material shall be removed and replaced with acceptable material, and the final prepared subbase shall be thoroughly compacted and finished to a firm, even surface 2B stone to a compacted thickness of four inches shall be placed under all walks and driveways.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: So in original.
(2) 
Forms. Forms shall be of wood or metal, straight, and of sufficient strength when staked to resist the pressure of the concrete without springing. If of wood, they may be two inches by four inches or two inches by 10 inches for sidewalks and driveway, respectively, surfaced on the inside and the top; or if metal, they shall be of approved sections. Forms shall be thoroughly cleaned and oiled before concrete is placed against them.
(3) 
Joints. Sidewalks shall be constructed in separate slabs 30 feet in length except for closures. These slabs shall be separated by transverse premolded expansion joints, 1/4 inch in thickness, for the full depth of the concrete. Transverse premolded expansion joints shall also be placed adjacent to driveways and structures where directed. The slabs between expansion joints shall be divided into blocks five feet in length, by scoring transversely. Driveway apron joints shall conform to the detail shown on the drawings. All scoring shall extend to a depth of at least 1/4 inch thickness of the concrete slabs.
(4) 
Placing concrete. Before any concrete is placed, each section of the subgrade shall be checked and approved by the Engineer. Concrete shall be placed only on a moist subgrade. Concrete shall be deposited on the subgrade without segregation of materials and shall be spread by approved methods to the required depth. The concrete along the forms and transverse joints shall be thoroughly spaded. Driveways shall be 10 inches (full) thick from the curb to the back of the sidewalk. Sidewalks shall be of four inches thick-full dimension.
(5) 
Finishing. The concrete, as soon as placed, shall be accurately struck off and screened to the cross section shown on the drawings. Necessary hand finishing of joints and surface irregularities shall be performed from approved bridges which shall not rest on any concrete that has not attained the required strength. The surface shall be given a granular finish by rubbing with a wooden float and without adding cement to the surface. An edge having a one-fourth-inch radius shall be used for edging all joints. The concrete shall be protected and cured by methods approved by the Engineer.
(6) 
Removal of forms. Side forms shall not be removed within 24 hours after the concrete has been placed. After removal of the forms, minor honeycombed areas shall be filled with mortar composed of one part cement and two parts fine aggregate. Major honeycombed areas will be considered as defective work and shall be removed and replaced.
(7) 
Driveways shall be barricaded from any vehicular traffic for seven days after pouring the concrete.
A. 
Materials. Materials shall conform with the requirements stated herein and the latest issued of the following specifications:
(1) 
Reinforced concrete pipe: AASHTO Specification M 170 and M 242, per PennDOT Form 408, § 601. For class of pipe, see Table A.
(2) 
Elliptical reinforced cement concrete pipe: AASHTO-M207, per Form 408, § 601.2(a).
(3) 
Nonreinforced concrete pipe: AASHTO-M86, per Form 408, § 601.2(a).
(4) 
Corrugated polyethylene (PE) culvert pipe: AASHTO-M294, Type C and Type S, per Form 408, § 601.2(a).
(5) 
Precast concrete inlet frames, manhole riser and top sections: ASTM Specification C-478, or structural steel frames and grates. See PennDOT Form 408, § 605.
(6) 
Brick: AASHTO Designation M-91, grade SS, PennDOT Form 408, § 713.1.
(7) 
Manhole frames and covers: PennDOT Form 408, § 1105.02(h).
(8) 
Concrete shall be Class A cement concrete and have a minimum compressive strength of 3,300 psi at 28 days and a maximum slump of four inches. Coarse aggregate shall be crushed stone (not gravel, unless crushed), maximum size one inch. Fine aggregate shall be natural or manufactured sand. All aggregate shall be from sources approved by PennDOT. All concrete shall have air entrainment within the limits of 3% to 6%.
(a) 
Materials. Cement shall be air-entrained portland cement C-175, conforming to Form 408, § 701. Water shall be potable, clean and free from injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkalies, organic materials or other deleterious substances. Fine aggregate shall be natural sand conforming to ASTM C-33 having clean, hard, strong, durable grains and free from injurious amounts of dust, lumps, soft or flaky particles, shales, alkali, organic matter, loam or other deleterious substances. Coarse aggregate shall consist of crushed stone conforming to the requirements of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation and shall be supplied from a currently approved source.
(b) 
Mix design. The design of proportion of ingredients for concrete mix shall be made by the contractor and be approved by the Engineer. The proportion of ingredients shall meet the minimum requirements of PennDOT Form 408 for the class of concrete specified. The minimum strength of each class of concrete after 28 days shall meet the requirements of the same section.
(c) 
Truck mixing. Concrete shall be mixed and transported to the site in truck mixers as per ASTM C-94 and Form 408, § 704 et seq. All solid materials for the concrete shall be accurately measured and charged into the drum at the proportioning plant. Only the prescribed amount of water may be added in the truck water tank, or the mixing water may be added directly to the bath. The truck may not carry excess water, thus assuring the design water-cement ration. Mixing shall continue a minimum of 70 revolutions after all ingredients, including water, are in the drum. The speed shall not be less than six revolutions per minute nor more 18 revolutions per minute. No more than 150 revolutions shall be at a speed in excess of six revolutions per minute. Concrete transported in the truck's mixer shall be discharged at the job within 1 1/2 hours after the water has been added to the mixture.
(d) 
Placing concrete. Concrete shall be handled from transporting vehicle to the place of final deposit as rapidly as practicable by methods which shall prevent the separation or loss of the ingredients. Under no circumstances shall concrete that has partially hardened be deposited in the work. Concrete shall be deposited in the forms nearly as practicable in its final position to avoid rehandling. It shall be so deposited as to maintain a plastic surface approximately horizontal. When concrete is conveyed by chutes, the equipment shall be of such individual chute sections shall have approximately the same slope. The slope shall be of such as to prevent the segregation of the ingredients. If the discharge end of the chute is more than five feet above the surface of the concrete, a spout shall be used, and the lower end maintained as near the surface of the concrete as practicable but never more than five feet above. Other methods of depositing concrete shall have the approval of the Engineer. Before placing any concrete, the subgrade shall be approved by the Engineer. Reinforcing shall be thoroughly clean and tied in place. The contractor shall not pour the concrete in weather below 40° F., unless by permission of the Engineer, and shall furnish for approval by the Engineer his procedure for depositing concrete in such weather. No concrete shall contain any frozen material nor be deposited on any surface containing frost or frozen material.
(e) 
Finishing concrete. The concrete shall be carefully screened after depositing to assure a smooth surface. The surface shall then be hand floated to bring the surface to the correct grade without high spots or pockets. No excess mortar or water may be brought to the surface during this process.
(f) 
Curbing. Concrete surfaces exposed to the atmosphere shall be protected against too rapid drying, by curing for a minimum period of seven days. All protections against freezing shall be taken by the contractor. The curing period shall start immediately following the pouring of the concrete. Concrete shall be cured by the following specific applicable methods, subject to the Engineer's approval, and adherence thereto will be rigidly enforced. Concrete surfaces shall be kept constantly wet during the period by ponding. Ponding shall start as soon after placing of the concrete as possible without damaging the finish. Burlap may be laid and fastened so as to be constantly in direct contact with the concrete surfaces. It shall be wetted constantly during the period by sprinkling with fresh water. Layers of reinforced, waterproof paper may be placed in direct contact with the concrete surfaces and fastened thereto in an approved manner. The paper shall be lapped in a minimum of two inches with the seams and other edges taped or glued. The paper shall consist of two sheets of thirty-pound No. 1 quality kraft cemented together with asphalt, having a fiber reinforcement.
(g) 
Reinforcing bars. Reinforcing bars shall have a minimum yield strength of 60,000 psi. They shall conform to ASTM-A615, A616 or A617. All bars to have rolled in marks identifying the yield strengths or a certification from the manufacturer will be provided which gives assurance that the material conforms to ASTM specifications and yield strength.
(9) 
Mortar shall be composed of 2 1/2 parts sand and one part portland cement by volume and conform to Form 408, § 601.2(c).
(10) 
Timber sheeting, bracing and shoring lumber shall be straight grained, free from cracks, shakes and large loose knots with the minimum strength equal to E-1, 760,000 and F-1200.
(11) 
Steel sheeting shall be the standard and generally accepted product of a recognized manufacturer and the AISC.
(12) 
Manhole steps shall be per PennDOT Form 408, § 605.2(c), and shall be installed for all structures deeper than five feet.
B. 
Construction methods.
(1) 
General. All pipe materials shall be unloaded, handled and stored in conformance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
(2) 
Bedding. All pipe shall be laid in a four-inch-thick bed of Form 408 No. 2B stone in a trench not to exceed the pipe barrel plus two feet. When rock or any unyielding material is encountered in the trench, it shall be excavated for the full trench width and to a minimum depth of 12 inches below the pipe invert. This extra depth shall be backfilled to the proper grade with Form 408 2B stone.
(3) 
Joints. All concrete pipe shall be laid with full mortared joints. Mortar shall comply with Form 408, § 601.2(c). No lime shall be used in the mix. Before succeeding sections of pipe are placed, the lower half of the joint shall be mortared to assure a full joint and to assure even alignment between the two pipe sections. After placing, the outside of the joint shall be mortared full circle. The inside of the joint shall be mortared full circle, wiped clean and finished smoothly. The foregoing applies to all sizes of pipe. In the case of concrete pipe underdrain, mortared joints are to be provided in the lower half of the pipe only.
(4) 
Backfilling. After the pipe is in place and the joints completely mortared, backfill material consisting of Form 408 No. 1 2A modified or 2A stone shall be placed to a height of six inches above the outside bell diameter of the pipe and compacted. Thereafter, earth backfilling shall be placed in loose layers not exceeding six inches and thoroughly compacted with a mechanical tamper approved by the Engineer. Compaction to a 95% to 98% dry density is achieved. This backfilling shall continue to a height equal to the adjoining earth surface. Earth backfill shall be approved by the Engineer and shall not contain organic material, trash, rock over six inches in largest dimension. In lieu of earth backfill, the contractor may be required to use Pennsylvania Department of Transportation No. 2A stone placing and compacting in not more than eight-inch layers.
(5) 
Pipes shall be laid true to the grades shown on the drawings. Each section of pipe shall rest upon the pipe bed for the full length of its barrel, with recesses excavated to accommodate bells and joints. Any pipe which has its grade or joints disturbed after laying shall be taken up and relaid. The pipe sections shall be inspected and the interior and ends of all pipe shall be cleaned before lowering into the trench. During construction the contractor shall use all precautions to keep the sewer clean and clear of debris and free from injury until finally inspected and accepted. The mouth of the completed sewer pipe will be properly closed, at all times, with an expanding rubber plug or approved device, except when pipelaying is in progress.
(6) 
Pipelaying shall be done only in the presence of an inspector, and the contractor shall give a minimum of 24 hours' notice of the time scheduled for the pipelaying and inspection.
(7) 
If, in the opinion of the Engineer, the materials furnished or the methods of installation are not in accordance with the specifications or generally accepted practices for that type of work, he may order such work stopped and the materials replaced with suitable alternative.
(8) 
Bedding and laying of pipe shall be in accordance with the pipe manufacturer's recommendations. Pipe joints shall be made in accordance with the joint manufacturer's recommendations.
(9) 
Regardless of its material, all pipe shall be laid on a minimum six-inch thickness of PennDOT No. 2A modified (or better) stone.
C. 
Installation of manholes and inlets.
(1) 
The bases for manholes and inlets shall be constructed of concrete and cast in place. The minimum thickness shall be eight inches but may be thick enough to be above the OD of the sewer if the contractor desires. The inlet and outlet pipes shall be set to proper grade, with their ends flush with the inside of the manhole or inlet prior to placement of concrete. When casting the base, concrete shall be placed under the pipes for a minimum of three feet from the manhole wall or to within six inches of the pipe joint. In manholes a metal ring for forming the groove to receive the first precast riser section shall be used. A flow channel conforming to the inside diameter of the inlet and outlet pipe shall be formed as the base is cast.
(2) 
The lowest section may have a precast bottom, in which case it must be set on a leveling course six inches, minimum thickness, of No. 2B stone.
(3) 
All precast sections shall be lifted and moved by use of suitable lifting slings and lugs to prevent damage to the precast joint edge. If minor damage occurs to the precast sections, such damage shall be repaired in the presence of, and to the satisfaction of, the Engineer.
(4) 
Pipes entering the precast sections shall be set securely in the opening provided, to the correct line and grade shown on the drawings and be grouted to provide a watertight joint. The surfaces to be grouted shall be thoroughly cleaned before grouting. There shall be at least 1/2 inch clearance between outside of pipe and the manhole opening to provide for proper grouting.
(5) 
Leveling the sections by use of wedging or placing shims will not be permitted. Manholes shall not be backfilled without the permission of the Engineer.
(6) 
Manholes and inlets shall be constructed as promptly as practical to coincide with the adjacent sewer pipe construction. If the construction of manholes is unnecessarily delayed, the Engineer shall have authority to stop trenching and pipelaying until manholes and inlets are constructed to complete sections of sewer.
(7) 
Precast sections shall be laid in a full pad of portland cement mortar.
(8) 
The top of all precast manholes or inlets shall be brought to proper grade, for receiving manhole and inlet frames, by brick construction if necessary. No less than two nor more than five courses of brick will be used for this purpose. All brick shall be laid in full beds of mortar and shoved into place with full joints no more than 1/2 inch in thickness.
(9) 
Brick construction of manholes and inlets shall be performed by experienced and qualified workmen. The brick walls shall be plastered on the inside and outside with portland cement mortar 1/2 inch thick.
(10) 
Brick work shall not be constructed during cold weather (when the temperature is below 40° F.), unless necessary precautions are observed as directed by the Engineer.
D. 
Manhole rungs, frames and covers.
(1) 
Manhole ladder rungs shall be cast in place in the precast concrete manhole riser sections. The rungs are to be of gray cast iron as approved by the Engineer.
(2) 
Manhole frames and covers should be made accurately to the pattern and dimensions specified and shall be furnished with flat true surfaces. Covers shall fit the frames in any position. The type of frame and cover to be installed for each manhole shall be specified in the plans. Identification wording shall be cast into the cover. The frames shall be set to the correct elevation on a full bed of portland cement mortar.
Sanitary sewer specifications regarding materials, installation, and testing shall be according to the current standards and specifications of the Hatfield Township Municipal Authority.
A. 
Laboratory tests. The materials listed below require advance and periodic tests as indicated and shall be sampled in accordance with the methods of ASTM and as required by the Engineer. All materials requiring laboratory tests shall be submitted to the Engineer, at least two weeks prior to starting delivery of such materials to the project site, to be certified for submission to the testing laboratory. The laboratory conducting the test shall furnish both the Engineer and the contractor with two copies of the reports showing result of such tests, and the report shall be considered as sufficient evidence of the acceptance or rejection of the quality of materials tested. The specifications for and the methods of testing will be found under the detailed specifications for the particular material involved. All samples shall be properly packed and clearly marked as to source and intended use.
Material
Test Frequency
Sample Size
Concrete (tests for job concrete)
Advance, then each 50 cubic yards
4 cylinders per test, 2 broken at 7 days and 2 at 28 days
Manhole frame test bar
One tensile test on machined bar for each 50 manhole frames
Size B test bar
B. 
Shop test. The materials listed below shall be tested at the shop or plant of, and by, the producer. Each manufacturer of such materials shall be equipped to conduct the tests designated herein. The Engineer shall be furnished with certified records or reports of the results of all tests. These reports will include a sworn statement that the tests have been made as specified.
Materials
Test Method
Number of Tests
Cement
ASTM C114
Chemical analysis, one for each 500 bbls.
Reinforced concrete
ASTM C76
As specified in C76
Cast-iron pipe
ASTM A377
As specified in A377
Precast reinforced concrete
ASTM C478
As specified in C478