A. 
Off-street parking facilities shall be provided to lessen on-street congestion. The facilities required herein shall be available to patrons throughout the hours of operation of the particular business or use for which such facilities are provided. As used herein, the term "parking space" includes either covered garage space or uncovered parking space located off the public right-of-way.
B. 
All parking spaces shall be ample in size for the vehicles for which use is intended. The net parking space per vehicle shall be not less than nine feet wide when measured at right angles to the edge of the parking area and 18 feet long. Parking spaces and the approaches thereto shall be stone, gravel or paved surfaces.
C. 
A garage or carport may be located wholly or partly inside the walls of the principal building or attached to the outer walls. If separated from the principal building, the garage shall conform to all accessory building requirements. A garage may be constructed under a yard, provided that the level of such yard shall conform to the general level of the other yards on the lot. The space above such an underground garage shall be deemed to be part of the open space of the lot on which it is located.
D. 
Parking shall not be permitted in front yards of residential uses, except on paved driveways. Turnarounds shall be considered as part of a driveway.
A. 
All multifamily, commercial, public and industrial uses shall provide handicapped parking spaces for the physically challenged as follows:
Required
Total Parking Spaces
Accessible Spaces
1 to 25
1
26 to 50
2
51 to 75
3
76 to 100
4
101 to 150
5
151 to 200
6
201 to 300
7
301 to 400
8
401 to 500
9
501 to 1,000
2% of the total number of spaces
Over 1,000
20, plus 1 additional space per each 100 spaces over 1,000
B. 
Design of accessible spaces shall be completed in accordance with the International Building Code Chapter 11, and ICC/ANSI A117.1-2003, American National Standard, Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities (as amended).
C. 
Accessible parking spaces shall be designated as reserved by a sign showing the symbol of accessibility. Such signs shall be located so as not to be obscured by a vehicle parked in the space.
Any of the following facilities erected or enlarged, any facility converted into one of the following facilities and any open area used shall be provided with not less than the minimum parking spaces and loading/unloading areas as set forth below, together with adequate access drives, driveways or other means of circulation and access to and from a street.
A. 
Specific parking space requirements.
[Amended 6-13-2011 by Ord. No. 2011-08]
Uses
Required Parking Spaces
(gross floor area)
Banks/financial institutions
1 per 300 square feet gross floor area ("GFA")
Bowling centers
5 for each bowling lane, in addition to requirements for eating establishments on site
Conference center
1 per sleeping room or suite, plus 1 per every 2 employees on the largest work shift, plus 1 per 2 persons to the maximum capacity of each public meeting and/or banquet room, plus 50% of the spaces otherwise required for accessory uses (i.e., restaurants and bars)
Convenience stores
1 per 150 square feet GFA
Campground
1 10-foot-by-30-foot space per campsite
Swimming pools, roller/ice rinks, and other similar uses
1 per 100 square feet GFA of recreational surface, plus one for each 30 square feet of GFA used for spectator seating purposes, as applicable
Day-care facilities
1 per employee, plus 1 safe passenger off-street loading/unloading space per 5 children
Eating establishments
1 per 2 seats
Fast-food establishments
1 per 30 square feet GFA
Family care and group care facilities
1 per 4 residents, plus 1 per employee in the maximum working shift
Family day-care and group day-care facilities
1 per nonresident employee, plus 1 safe passenger off-street loading/unloading space per 4 nonresident children
Funeral homes/mortuaries
1 per 100 square feet GFA used for memorial services, viewing area, business office and products display
Furniture, carpet or appliance store
1 per 500 square feet GFA
Gasoline service station
1 per 3 gasoline pumps in addition to fueling and pump stacking area
Golf course
4 per tee, plus 1 per employee
Golf course (miniature)
2.5 per hole plus 1 per employee
Golf driving range
1.5 per tee, plus 1 per employee
Health or exercise facility
1 per 100 square feet of GFA
Home occupations
1 per nonresident employee, in addition to the requirement for the dwelling unit; plus requirements determined by the Zoning Hearing Board in granting the special exception
Hospitals and medical facilities
1 per 4 beds, plus 1 per 2 employees of the maximum working shift, plus one per staff doctor
Outpatient medical centers
2 per patient room, plus 1 per employee of the maximum working shift
Hotels, motels, boardinghomes and lodging/rooming houses, bed-and-breakfast establishments (excluding conference centers)
1 per sleeping room, plus 1 per 200 square feet GFA of public meeting area, plus 1 per every 2 employees on the largest work shift
Industrial uses
1 per 800 square feet of GFA
Junkyard
1 per employee, plus 1 per 5,000 square feet of lot area, excluding required buffer area
Laboratories, research and development
3.5 per 1,000 square feet of GFA
Laundries, self-serve
1 per washing machines
Building supply establishment
1 per 500 square feet GFA, plus 1 per 1,000 square feet of indoor/outdoor storage area
Medical offices
1 per 250 square feet GFA
Nursery/greenhouse
1 per 1,000 square feet GFA, plus 1 per 2,000 square feet lot area, excluding buffer area
Nursing/personal health care facilities
1 per 3 beds, plus 1 per 2 employees in the maximum working shift, plus 1 per staff doctor
Office
50,000 square feet GFA or less
1 per 200 square feet GFA
50,001 to 100,000 square feet GFA
1 per 225 square feet GFA
100,001+ square feet GFA
1 per 250 square feet GFA
Places of public or private assembly (churches, community centers, theaters or similar meeting and assembly uses)
1 per 3 seats or 1 per 100 square feet GFA where no seats are provided
Residential uses
Single-family dwellings
2 per dwelling unit
Multifamily dwellings (including conversion apartments and excluding accessory apartments)
[NOTE: The total number of required off-street parking spaces for a multifamily dwelling building shall not be less than two spaces per dwelling unit]
Age-restricted dwellings
0.5 per dwelling unit
Efficiency/studio
1 per dwelling unit
1 bedroom
1 per dwelling unit
2 bedrooms
2 per dwelling unit
3 bedrooms or more
3 per dwelling unit
Visitor parking
0.2 per dwelling unit
Staff parking
1 per employee on maximum shift
Retail sales establishments
50,000 square feet GFA or less
1 per 200 square feet GFA
50,001 to 100,000 square feet GFA
1 per 250 square feet GFA
100,001 to 400,000 square feet GFA
1 per 300 square feet GFA
400,001+ square feet GFA
1 per 350 square feet GFA
Retail sales, outdoor
1 per 500 square feet of open sales/display area, plus 1 per employee during maximum shift
Produce stands
1 per 200 square feet of sales area
Storage facility
Individual mini storage
1 per 10 units, plus 1 per 200 square feet of office area, plus 2 per resident manager
Commercial
2 per unit
Schools
Elementary
2 per classroom, but not less than 1 per teacher and staff member
Intermediate
1.5 per classroom, but not less than 1 per teacher and staff member
Secondary
1 per teacher and staff member and 1 per four students, based on design capacity
Stadiums, auditoriums, gymnasiums and similar places of assembly
Additional spaces in accordance with places of assembly requirements
Shopping centers (regional)
Under 400,000 square feet GFA
1 per 250 square feet GFA
400,000 to 500,999 square feet GFA
1 per 300 square feet GFA
600,000+ square feet GFA
1 per 350 square feet GFA
Shopping centers (neighborhood)
1 per 250 square feet GFA for the first 1,000 square feet, plus 5 for each additional 1,000 square feet GFA, plus additional spaces, as required herein, for associated offices, theaters and eating establishments
Taverns, clubs, lodges and similar uses
1 per bar seat, plus 1 per 20 square feet GFA of bar area, plus 1 per employee on maximum shift, plus public assembly requirements for meeting space
Utility facilities
1 per vehicle normally required to service such facility
Vehicular parts sales/service garages sales area
3 per bay, plus 1 for every 200 square feet of retail parts
Vehicular sales or rental establishment
1 per 500 square feet of indoor GFA, plus 1 per 2,500 square feet of outdoor sales/rental area, plus 2 per service bay, plus 1 per employee, but never fewer than five total spaces
Vehicular wash
2 per washing lane, in addition to stacking lanes
Veterinary facility
4 per doctor or allied professional trained person occupying the use, plus 1 per every additional employee
Warehouse or distribution center
Under 50,000 square feet GFA
1 per 5,000 square feet GFA, plus required spaces for any office or sales areas
50,001 square feet and over GFA
1 per 10,000 square feet GFA, plus required spaces for any office or sales areas
B. 
For all other uses not provided for herein, required parking spaces shall be determined by a study to be prepared by the applicant and approved by the Township. The study shall include the following:
(1) 
The type of use and estimated number of total trips generated during peak conditions (inbound and outbound).
(2) 
The estimated parking duration per vehicle trip (turnover rate).
(3) 
Based on the estimated number of trips generated and average parking duration per trip, the calculated number of spaces required.
(4) 
The estimated number of employees; one space is to be provided for every two employees working the maximum shift.
Stacking areas for drive-through facilities shall be in accordance with the following requirements. Such stacking areas shall not be located within the parking lot aisle or gas station pump area.
Use
Required Stacking Area
Car wash, automatic
4 vehicle lengths per bay at entrance; 2 vehicle lengths per bay at exit
Car wash, self-service
4 vehicle lengths per bay at entrance; 1 vehicle length per bay at exit
Fast-food eating establishment
6 vehicle lengths behind menu board; 4 vehicle lengths behind first window
Financial establishment
4 vehicle lengths per lane, drive-up teller, kiosk or ATM
Gated parking lot entrance
1 vehicle length per gate
Gated unit or overhead door
1 vehicle length per door
Retail service, such as photo processing, dry cleaner, pharmacy, coffee-to-go, etc.
2 vehicle lengths per window
Vehicular fueling pumps
2 vehicle lengths per pump
The Zoning Hearing Board may authorize, by special exception, a reduction in the number and size of required off-street parking spaces and/or stacking distance requirements in cases where the applicant can justify the reduction and still provide adequate parking facilities and stacking distances to serve the proposed uses of the structure or land.
A. 
Existing parking. Structures and uses existing on the effective date of this chapter shall not be subject to the requirements of this article so long as the type or extent of use is not changed, provided that any parking facility now serving such structures or uses shall not in the future be reduced below such requirements.
B. 
Changes in requirements. Whenever there is an alteration of a structure or change or extension of a use which increases the parking requirements according to the standards contained herein, the total parking required for the existing structure and use, as well as the alteration, change or extension, shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of that section.
C. 
Conflict with other uses. No parking area shall be used for any use that interferes with its availability for the parking need it is required to serve. This shall include the utilization of required parking areas for the storage and sale of seasonal merchandise.
D. 
Continuing obligation. All required parking facilities shall be provided and maintained so long as the use exists which the facilities were designed to serve. Off-street parking facilities shall not be reduced in total extent after their provision. Reasonable precautions are to be taken by the owner or sponsor of particular uses to assure the availability of required facilities for the employees or other persons whom the facilities are designed to serve. Facilities shall at no time constitute a nuisance, hazard or unreasonable impediment to traffic.
E. 
Drainage, surfacing and maintenance. Drainage, surfacing and maintenance of off-street parking areas, including driveways and access drives, shall be completed in accordance with Chapter 184, Stormwater Management, as amended, and Chapter 192, Subdivision and Land Development, as amended.
F. 
Shared parking. Two or more uses may provide for required parking in a common parking lot if the total space provided is not less than the sum of the spaces required for each use individually. The number of spaces required in a common parking facility may be reduced below this total only as a special exception if it can be demonstrated to the Zoning Hearing Board that the hours or days of peak parking needed for the uses are so different that a lower total will adequately provide for all uses served by the facility. A maintenance agreement for shared parking facilities shall be established between affected parties. Such agreement shall be binding on all future affected parties, heirs and assigns of the property.
G. 
Computation of spaces. Where the computation of required parking spaces results in a fractional number, any fraction shall be counted as one.
H. 
Internal access and circulation.
(1) 
Internal access and circulation to parking areas shall be designed so as not to obstruct the free flow of traffic. Pedestrian crosswalks leading from parking areas to main building entrances shall be provided and shall be appropriately marked.
(2) 
The geometric design of driveways, access drives and parking lots or areas shall allow access by emergency service vehicles.
I. 
Location of spaces.
(1) 
Single- and two-family residential off-street parking spaces shall be provided on the same lot or premises with the use served, unless provided for otherwise on an approved subdivision or land development plan.
(2) 
Parking spaces for multifamily dwellings and nonresidential uses shall be readily accessible to the buildings served thereby. Such spaces shall be in the same zoning district as the principal building or open area and shall conform to the following regulations:
(a) 
The required parking spaces shall be located within 600 feet of the principal building or open space in question, measured from the edge of structure or open space to the edge of the parking lot closest to the structure or open space.
(b) 
If parking is to be provided on a lot other than the lot of the principal building or use, then the applicant for a use or building permit shall submit, with his/her application, an instrument duly executed and acknowledged which subjects such parcels of land to parking uses in connection with the principal use to which it is accessory. Upon issuance of a permit, the Zoning Officer shall cause such instrument to be recorded in the Office of the Recorder of Deeds.
J. 
Lighting of parking areas shall be required for all parking areas having more than 20 spaces. Such lighting may be provided through the use of light fixtures on either a pole or building and shall comply with performance standards as set forth in Article XIX herein.
[Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I)]
K. 
Screen planting and buffer yards shall be provided in accordance with Article XIX herein.
[Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I)]
L. 
Dimensional requirements.
(1) 
Minimum dimensions.
(a) 
The minimum dimensions of parking facilities to be provided shall be as follows:
Angle of Parking
Parking Space Width
(feet)
Depth*
(feet)
Aisle Width One-Way
(feet)
Two-Way
(feet)
90°
9
18
24
24
60°
9
20
18
20
45°
9
18
15
20
30°
9
16
12
20
Parallel
8
22
12
20
NOTES:
* Space depth is the perpendicular measurement from the curb or edge of the parking lot toward the interior portion of the lot to be occupied by the parking vehicles and not including any part of the drive.
(b) 
All dead-end parking lots shall be designed to provide sufficient backup area for the end stalls of the parking area.
(c) 
Parking areas shall be designed so that each motor vehicle may proceed to and from the respective parking space without requiring the moving of any other motor vehicle.
(d) 
Parking aisles shall not exceed 300 feet in length without providing a circulatory access drive.
(2) 
Setbacks for parking areas shall be provided as follows:
(a) 
All parking spaces and access drives shall be at least 10 feet from any multifamily dwelling or nonresidential building on the lot.
(b) 
All parking spaces, driveways and access drives shall be at least five feet from any lot line, except where buffer yards are required, in which case such parking spaces, driveways and access drives may not encroach on the buffer yard area.
(c) 
No parking area shall be located within a public right-of-way.
(3) 
Separation.
(a) 
Except at entrance and exit drives, the parking area shall be physically separated from any public and/or private streets with a minimum six-foot-wide planting strip.
(b) 
All off-street parking spaces shall be marked so as to indicate their location, except for single-family and two-family residential uses.
(4) 
Curb radius. No less than a five-foot radius of curvature shall be permitted for all curblines in all parking lots.
A. 
Required spaces.
(1) 
For all nonresidential uses requiring delivery or pick up of materials, a minimum number of off-street loading and unloading spaces shall be provided as follows:
Gross Floor Area
(square feet)
Required Number of Loading/Unloading Spaces
6,000 or less
1
6,001 to 20,000
2
Above 20,000
2, plus 1 additional space for each additional 50,000 square feet of gross floor area
(2) 
Hotels shall have at least one loading space, with an additional loading berth when the floor area exceeds 50,000 square feet.
(3) 
All off-street loading spaces shall be provided and maintained so long as the use exists which the facilities were designed to serve.
B. 
Design standards. Off-street loading facilities shall be designed in accordance with the following specifications:
(1) 
Each required space shall be not less than 12 feet in width, 45 feet in length and 14.5 feet in height, exclusive of driving and maneuvering space, and located entirely on the lot being served.
(2) 
There shall be separate means of access to a street or alley, as well as adequate maneuvering space.
(3) 
The maximum width of driveway openings, measured at the street lot line, shall be 40 feet; the minimum width shall be 20 feet.
(4) 
All off-street loading and unloading spaces, and access to those spaces, shall be graded, surfaced and drained in accordance with the provisions contained within applicable Township codes and ordinances.
Motor vehicle access to lots shall be provided as follows:
A. 
Driveways. Driveways shall have the following characteristics:
(1) 
Driveways shall be located so as to provide sight distance at intersections with streets and shall not be located within any required clear sight triangle.
(2) 
Driveways which intersect other than a minor or local street shall provide adequate turnaround within the lot so egress to the street is in a forward direction.
(3) 
Only one driveway connection per 100 feet of lot frontage is permitted, with the exception of circular driveways for residential dwellings.
(4) 
The Board of Commissioners may limit the number of driveways providing access from a single property or development to collector or arterial streets. The Board may also require the use of shared driveways to provide ingress and egress to two residential units.
(5) 
Driveways shall not connect with a public street within 40 feet of the right-of-way lines of any intersecting streets, nor within five feet of a fire hydrant.
(6) 
Driveway access shall be provided to the street of lesser classification when there is more than one street classification involved.
(7) 
All driveways shall be set back at least five feet from any adjacent side or rear lot lines.
(a) 
A driveway may be located less than five feet from a property line if a written agreement exists between the affected property owners allowing a lesser distance. Such agreement shall be recorded in the Cumberland County Office of Recorder of Deeds, and shall be binding on all future property owners, heirs and assigns of both properties.
(8) 
Driveway location shall be delineated on all land development plans, however, subdivision and land development plans may delineate location or provide a notice of conformity to this chapter.
B. 
Access drives. Access drives shall conform to the following standards:
(1) 
The vertical alignments of access drives shall conform to the specifications for streets, in accordance with Chapter 192, Subdivision and Land Development.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Former Subsection B(2), which provided that no more than eight dwelling units/lots could be accessed by one access drive or a connected network of access drives, was repealed 6-13-2011 by Ord. No. 2011-08. This ordinance also provided for the renumbering of former Subsection B(3) through (9) as Subsection B(2) through (8), respectively.
(2) 
The horizontal alignments of access drives shall be measured along the center line. Horizontal curves shall be used at all angle changes in excess of two degrees. All curves shall be tangential arcs. The minimum horizontal curve radius shall be 75 feet.
(3) 
All access drive intersections shall be:
(a) 
Subject to approval of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation when intersecting a state road.
(b) 
Subject to the approval of the Township Board of Commissioners when intersecting a Township road.
(c) 
Set back a minimum of 100 feet from the intersection of any other access drive located upon the same lot (measured from the edge of the cartway).
(d) 
Set back a minimum of 10 feet from any side and/or rear property lines, however, this setback shall not be required along one property line when a shared access drive or parking is shared by adjoining uses and satisfactory agreements are in place.
(e) 
Designed with right angle intersections whenever possible. No access drive intersection shall utilize an angle less than 75°, unless turning movement restrictions are imposed.
(f) 
Rounded by a tangential arc with a minimum radius of 20 feet. The Township may require a fifty-five-foot radius where truck traffic is anticipated.
(g) 
Provided with a clear sight triangle and sight distance in accordance with the provisions contained within Chapter 192, Subdivision and Land Development.
(4) 
Access drives or a connect network of access drives shall not exceed 1,000 feet in total length, measured from the center line intersection of a street. Access drives exceeding this length shall be considered a private or public street.
(5) 
The terminus of access drives shall incorporate a paved turnaround with a minimum diameter of 100 feet.
(6) 
Where vehicular parking is prohibited along access drives, the prohibition must be noted on the plan and properly signed along the cartway.
(7) 
The cartway of all access drives shall be constructed according to the local street standards in accordance Chapter 192, Subdivision and Land Development. Additionally, all work procedures shall conform to the latest edition of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Manual 408.
(8) 
The following table specifies various access drive width requirements:
Function
Required Cartway Width
(feet)
2 lanes of traffic with on-street parking
36
2 lanes of traffic without on-street parking
24
1 lane of traffic with 1 lane of on-street parking
20
1 lane of traffic without on-street parking
12
NOTES:
1
Access drives that serve less than four residential units may have a cartway width of 18 feet.
2
Off-street parking lots must be provided in accordance with this chapter.
3
The one-way direction of traffic must be identified along the cartway.