[HISTORY: Adopted by the Township Board of the Charter Township of Cascade as indicated in article histories. Amendments noted where applicable.]
[Adopted 12-19-1979 by Ord. No. 6-1979 (Part 77 of the 1991 Compilation of Ordinances)]
This article shall be known and may be cited as the "Cascade Charter Township Waste Management Ordinance."
As used in this article, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated:
APPLICANT
An individual, sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, association, municipality, this state, a county, or any other entity or governmental authority created by statute, which has applied for a permit or license under this article.
ASHES
The residue from the burning of wood, coal, coke, refuse, wastewater, sludge or other materials.
DISPOSAL FACILITY
A waste transfer facility, incinerator, sanitary landfill, waste processing plant or other waste handling or disposal facility utilized in the disposal of waste matter.
GARBAGE
Rejected food wastes including waste accumulation of animal, fruit or vegetable matter used or intended for food or that attends the preparation, use, cooking, dealing in, or storing of meat, fish, fowl, fruit or vegetable.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MATTER
Waste, or a combination of waste and other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semisolid, or contained gaseous material, which, because of its quality, concentration or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics, may cause or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or increase in serious irreversible illness or serious incapacitating but reversible illness, or pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment if improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of, or otherwise managed. Hazardous waste does not include material which is in domestic sewage discharge, or solid or dissolved material in an irrigation return flow discharge, authorized industrial discharge to a municipal treatment system, or industrial discharge which is a point source subject to permits under Section 402 of the Clean Water Act of 1977, 33 U.S.C. § 1342. A source, special nuclear, or by-product material, as defined any the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, 42 U.S.C. §§ 2011 to 2282, shall also be considered as hazardous.
HEALTH DEPARTMENT
The Kent County Department of Health.
HEALTH OFFICER
A full-time administrative officer of the County Department of Health.
MANAGER
The Township Manager of Cascade Charter Township or his designee.
MANIFEST
The form provided by the Department of Natural Resources, used for identifying the quantity, composition, origin, routing and destination of hazardous waste during its transportation from the point of generation to the point of disposal, treatment or storage.
PERSON
An individual, sole proprietorship, partnership, association, corporation or other entity (public or private), organized or existing under the laws of this state or any other state, including a federal corporation. "Person" shall also mean any municipal, county, state, or federal government, but excluding the Township or a special district of the Township having taxing powers.
RUBBISH
Nonputrescible waste matter consisting of both combustible and noncombustible waste, including paper, cardboard, metal containers, yard clippings, wood, glass, bedding, crockery, demolished building materials, or litter of any kind that may be a detriment to the public health and safety.
RULE
A rule or regulation promulgated by the Township Manager or the Township Board pursuant to this article.
SANITARY LANDFILL
A tract of land developed, designed or operated for the disposal of solid waste, ashes, garbage or rubbish; but excluding any hazardous waste matter.
WASTE HAULER
A person who owns or operates a waste-transporting unit.
WASTE MATTER
Garbage, rubbish, ashes, incinerator ash, incinerator residue, street cleanings, municipal, commercial and industrial; liquids, sludges or solids, animal waste, solid waste, or hazardous waste matter; but does not include human body waste or liquid.
WASTE PROCESSING PLANT
A tract of land, building or unit, or appurtenance of a building or unit, or a combination of land, buildings and units that is used or intended for use for the processing of waste matter or the separation of material for salvage or disposal, or both.
WASTE TRANSFER FACILITY
A tract of land, building or unit, or appurtenance of a building or unit, or combination of land, buildings and units that is used or intended for use in the rehandling or storage of waste matter incidental to the transportation of the waste matter. A waste transfer facility does not include any tract of land if the waste containers have an individual volume of 10 cubic yards or less, and do not have an aggregate total volume of 65 cubic yards or less, and are used only for the storage of waste matter generated on the site.
WASTE TRANSPORTING UNIT
A container, which may be an integral part of a truck, or other piece of equipment used for the transportation of waste matter.
The Township Manager is directed to encourage only plans, operations or methods for the disposal of waste matter which are environmentally sound, which maximize the utilization of valuable resources, and which encourage resource conservation, including source reduction and source separation, and which protect the general health, safety and welfare of the Township.
A. 
A person shall not establish a disposal facility without an operating permit from the Township Manager. A person proposing the establishment of a disposal facility shall make application for a permit to the Township Manager on a form provided.
B. 
The application for an operating permit shall contain the name and residence of the applicant, the location of the proposed disposal facility, and other information considered necessary by the Township Manager. The application shall be accompanied by a fee that has been established on a graduated scale from $100 to $700. The Township Manager shall establish by rule the scale for determining the initial permit application fee. The scale shall be based on the site size, projected waste volume, and nature of the waste. The application shall be accompanied by a determination of existing hydrogeological conditions specified in a hydrogeological report and monitoring programs consistent with rules promulgated by the Township Manager or Board for groundwater and surface water quality standards, an environmental assessment, an engineering plan, and a contamination contingency plan.
C. 
Before the submission of an application for an operating permit for a new waste disposal facility, the applicant shall request an advisory analysis from the Health Officer. However, the applicant may file an application for a permit not less than 15 days after the request and notwithstanding an analysis result.
D. 
Upon receipt of an operating permit application, the Township Manager shall:
(1) 
Immediately notify the Township Board and Planning Commission, the local soil erosion and sedimentation control agency, the designated regional solid waste management planning agency, and the Health Department.
(2) 
Publish a notice in a newspaper having major circulation in the Township. The required published notice shall contain a map indicating the location of the proposed disposal facility and shall contain a description of the proposed action and the location where the complete application package may be reviewed and copies may be obtained.
(3) 
Indicate in the public, departmental, and agency notice that the Township Board shall hold a public hearing on the proposed disposal facility if a written request is submitted by the applicant, a resident or an agency. The request shall be validated by the Township Clerk. This public hearing shall be held after the Township Manager makes a preliminary review of the application and all pertinent data and before an operating permit is issued.
(4) 
Review the plans of the proposed operation to determine if it complies with this article and the rules promulgated under this article. The review shall be made by persons qualified in hydrogeology and waste matter engineering. Written recommendations by these persons shall be received before a permit is issued. If the site review, plan review, and the application meet the requirements of this article and the rules promulgated under this article, the Township Manager shall issue the permit which may contain stipulations specifically applicable to the site and operation. An expansion, enlargement or alteration of a facility beyond the specified areas indicated in the original application shall constitute a new proposal for which a new permit is required.
E. 
The Township Manager shall make a final decision on a permit application within 120 days after the Township Manager receives the complete application. If the Township Manager fails to make a final decision within 120 days, the permit shall be considered issued.
A. 
An operating permit shall expire one year after the date of issuance. A permit that has expired may be renewed upon payment of a permit renewal fee and submission of any additional information the Township Manager may require. The permit renewal application fee shall be established on a graduated scale from $100 to $700. The Township Manager shall establish the criteria by rule for determining the permit renewal application fee. The criteria shall be based on site size, projected waste volume, and nature of the waste.
B. 
A person who operates an existing disposal facility shall make a renewal permit application in the same manner as a new disposal facility.
C. 
Upon receipt of a permit renewal application for an existing disposal facility, the Township Manager shall inspect the site and determine if the proposed continued operation complies with this article and the rules promulgated under this article.
D. 
The Township Manager shall not permit a disposal facility to operate without an approved hydrogeologic monitoring program. The Township Manager shall use the results of this information in conjunction with other information about the facility to determine a course of action regarding further permitting of the disposal facility consistent with this article. In deciding a course of action, the Township Manager shall consider, at a minimum, the health hazards, environmental degradation, and other public or private alternatives. The Township Manager may suspend a permit or issue a timetable (schedule) for compliance for the disposal facility or operation, including specific remedial measures. This timetable shall not extend beyond nine months.
A. 
At the time of initial permitting of a disposal facility, an instrument which imposes a restrictive covenant upon the land involved shall be executed by all of the owners of the tract of land upon which the disposal facility is to be located. The instrument imposing the restrictive covenant shall be filed for record by the Township Manager in the office of the Register of Deeds of Kent County. The covenant shall state that the land described in the covenant has been or will be used as a disposal facility, and that neither the property owners, their servants, agents or employees, nor any of their heirs, successors, lessors, or assigns shall ever engage in any filling, grading, excavating, drilling, development or mining on the property without authorization of the Township. In giving authorization, the Township shall consider the original design, type of operation, material deposited, and the stage of decomposition of the fill. Authorization shall not be unreasonably withheld.
B. 
The Township Manager may require that a Township Inspector be present at the disposal facility during operating hours. This inspector shall have the authority to reject any load of waste matter which does not conform to the operating permit. A copy of each manifest shall be retained by the inspector for Township use. The inspector shall make investigations as necessary to ensure compliance with the operating permit.
C. 
Reasonable and necessary costs of providing this inspector shall be billable to the disposal facility operator.
D. 
Upon closing, the operator of a disposal facility shall restore the area to a natural and presentable state and erect a monument declaring the nature and amount of the waste matter deposited.
A. 
The Township Board may suspend a permit after reasonable notice and hearing if the Township finds that the disposal facility is not being operated in accordance with the permit, this article, the rules promulgated under this article, or the statutes of the State of Michigan or rules promulgated thereunder by any agency of the state.
B. 
The Township Manager may issue a cease and desist order to a person who constructs or operates a disposal facility without a permit, or to a person who holds a permit but constructs or operates a disposal facility that is not in accordance with the permit, this article, the rules promulgated under this article, or the statutes of the State of Michigan or rules promulgated thereunder by any agency of the state.
C. 
The Township Manager shall specify, in writing, the reasons for suspension of an operating permit, specifying those particular sections of ordinances, rules promulgated under this article, or state statute or rule which may be violated by the disposal facility operator and in what manner the violation occurred.
Fees collected under this article shall be deposited with the Township Treasurer who shall keep the deposits in a special fund designated for use in carrying out the purposes of this article.
This article shall not be construed to prohibit an individual from disposing of solid waste matter from the individual's own household upon the individual's own land as long as the disposal does not create a nuisance or hazard to health or conflict with other laws, ordinances, rules or regulations. Waste matter accumulated as a part of an improvement or the planting of privately owned farmland may be disposed of on the property if the method used is not injurious to human life or property and does not unreasonably interfere with the enjoyment of life or property or conflict with other laws, ordinances, rules or regulations.
Before the Township Manager may issue an operating permit or a waste hauler license, the applicant shall submit to the Township Manager a surety bond in favor of the Township to assure operation in accordance with this article, and rules promulgated under this article, according to the following schedule:
A. 
A surety bond in form approved by the Township Attorney submitted for a hazardous waste disposal facility shall be in an amount equal to $400,000 per acre of disposal facility, but not less than $2,000,000. Each bond shall be renewed to provide assurance for the maintenance of the disposal facility for a period of 100 years after the disposal facility is closed.
B. 
A surety bond in form approved by the Township Attorney for any other disposal facility shall be in an amount equal to 1/4 of 1% of the construction cost of the facility, but shall not be less than $400,000 and shall be continued in effect for a period of 50 years after the disposal area is closed.
C. 
Each waste hauler shall submit a bond in form approved by the Township Attorney for spill containment and restoration in the amount of $500,000 per waste transporting unit.
A. 
Each waste hauler using these facilities shall be licensed by the Township. Each solid waste transporting unit shall be required to carry a seal indicating compliance. The application for a waste hauler license shall be made before operation to the Township Manager on a form provided by the Township Manager and shall be accompanied by a license application fee of $50, plus $20 for each waste transporting unit operated by the applicant. Each additional waste transporting unit placed in service after a new or renewal application has been filed for the current year shall be reported to the Township Manager on a form provided by the Township Manager and shall be accompanied by the appropriate unit fee before the Township Manager may issue the required seal. If an applicant meets the requirements of this article and the rules promulgated under this article, the Township Manager shall issue a license.
B. 
The Township Manager shall inspect the waste transporting units in accordance with procedures established by the Township Manager and shall determine that the waste hauler has, in operation, only waste transporting units which are proper and hygienic, that the waste transporting units do not leak or contribute to litter, and that all waste is delivered to disposal facilities permitted under this article. A license shall expire one year after the date of issuance. A seal furnished by the Township Manager shall designate the year for which the waste hauler license was issued and shall be affixed to each waste transporting unit. A private individual may transport the individual's own household waste in the individual's own vehicle without being licensed. This section shall not be construed to release the private individual from a duty to provide proper constraints to prevent the discharge of waste from the vehicle during transport.
C. 
Each waste hauler shall operate according to a plan approved by the Township Manager. This plan shall, at minimum, specify operating routes and spill containment procedures.
D. 
A waste transporting unit used for garbage, industrial or domestic sludges, or other moisture laden materials shall be watertight and constructed, maintained and operated to prevent improper discharging or leaking. Solid waste transporting units used for hauling other solid waste shall be designated and operated to prevent littering or any other nuisance.
E. 
In the event of a spill, the waste hauler shall immediately notify the Township Manager and initiate containment procedures. The waste hauler shall be liable for damages resulting from a spill.
A. 
A waste hauler who violates this article shall be subject to the penalties provided in this article. After proper notice and hearing, a license or seal issued under this article may be suspended by the Township Board.
B. 
Pending the suspension of a license or a seal, as provided for in Subsection A of this section, the Township Manager, a Health Officer, or a law enforcement officer may order a waste transporting unit out of service if the unit does not satisfy the requirements of this article or the rules promulgated under this article. Continued use of a waste transporting unit ordered out of service is a violation of this article.
The Township Manager shall not issue a permit for the operation of a waste disposal area unless the facility complies with, and is consistent with, an approved waste management plan, if such a plan exists.
A sanitary landfill shall not be operated if the sanitary landfill will be located within 10,000 feet of a runway of an airport licensed and regulated by the Michigan Aeronautics Commission until the construction, location, and operation are approved by the Township Board. The Township Board shall review for hazards to the safety of aircraft as affected by the construction, location and operation of the sanitary landfill. In all such cases, the Commission shall set a date for a public hearing and give reasonable notice to all affected parties whom the Township Board has reason to believe are interested in the project. Following the hearing, all affected or interested parties shall be given a reasonable time to file their objections to the granting of a permit in writing. After the hearing, the Township Board shall, by resolution, set forth its findings on the issuance or denial of the application. The Township Board shall set forth its reasons for the recommendation in the resolution.
A. 
Not more than six months after the effective date of this article, the Township Manager shall submit to the Township Board rules which contain design and operational standards for waste transporting units and disposal facilities and otherwise implement this article. The rules shall include standards for hydrogeologic investigations, monitoring, liner materials, leachate collection and treatment, if applicable, groundwater separation distances, environmental assessments, methane gas control, soil erosion, sedimentation control, groundwater and surface water quality, noise and air pollution, the use of floodplains and wetlands, and other pertinent factors.
B. 
The Township Manager may undertake or contract for studies or reports necessary or useful in the preparation of these rules.
This article is not intended to prohibit the private sector from doing business in waste disposal and transportation. This article is intended to only encourage waste disposal and transportation businesses when in compliance with the requirements and intent of this article, within areas properly zoned for such under the Cascade Charter Township Zoning Ordinance.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: See Ch. 400, Zoning.
A. 
Any violation of this article may result in suspension and/or revocation of any license or permit issued hereunder. Further, the Township Manager may institute an action in the appropriate court to enjoin any continued violation, together with a claim for damages for injuries to persons or property by reason of such violation. Further, the Township may hold the principal and any surety on any bond hereunder in default and collect any such damages pursuant to the provisions of such bonds.
B. 
Any person who violates any provision of this article shall be responsible for a criminal misdemeanor, subject to the penalties in Chapter 40, Article IV, Penalties for Misdemeanors and Municipal Civil Infractions.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Added at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I).