All work and materials shall be in accordance with Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation Publication 408, except as herein provided
or as approved by the Borough Engineer.
A.
Cement concrete sidewalks shall be five feet wide by four inches
thick, except at driveways, where the sidewalk shall be reinforced,
by a minimum of six inches thick, and be constructed in accordance
with the accompanying details.
B.
Replacement cement sidewalks shall be constructed to the size of
the adjoining sidewalk, as directed by the Borough.
Concrete shall conform to Type A concrete for cement concrete
sidewalks. Type A concrete shall have a minimum compressive strength
of 3,300 psi after 28 days.
The subbase shall be six inches of compacted aggregate. The
aggregate shall be stone, gravel or slag meeting the requirements
for Type C or better No. 2A material.
A.
The foundation for the bed shall be formed at a depth of 10 inches
below and parallel with the finished surface of the sidewalk, unless
otherwise approved by the Borough. Unsuitable material shall be removed
and replaced with approved material, and the foundation shall be thoroughly
compacted and finished to a firm, even surface.
B.
Materials requiring excavation such as old sidewalk, curbing, excess
earth, tree roots, paving or other materials that cannot be used shall
become the property of the contractor and disposed of by the contractor
at no additional cost to the owner.
The aggregate subbase shall be spread on the prepared foundation
to form a compacted bed six inches in depth, unless otherwise directed
by the Borough Engineer. This material shall be thoroughly compacted.
Satisfactory outlets for draining the bed shall be provided.
Forms shall be of wood or metal, straight, free from warp and
of sufficient strength when staked to resist the pressure of the concrete
without springing. If wood, they shall be nominal two-inch planks
surfaced on the inside and top; or if metal, they shall be of approved
section. Forms shall have a depth equal to the depth of the concrete
and shall be thoroughly cleaned and oiled before concrete is placed
against them. Forms that are worn, bent or damaged shall not be used.
A.
Construction joints shall be spaced in uniform lengths or sections
of five feet. Contraction joints may be either hand-formed or sawed
joints. They shall be three-sixteenths-inch wide and one-inch deep.
Sawing of joints shall be done as soon as practicable after the concrete
has set sufficiently to preclude raveling during the sawing and before
any shrinkage cracking occurs in the concrete. The saw-cut depth may
be decreased at the edge adjacent to a curb or structure to obtain
a maximum depth that will avoid damage to them.
B.
Construction joints shall have tooled edges.
C.
The one-half-inch premolded expansion joint material shall be cut
to conform to the cross-sectional area and be placed at structures
and at the end of a day's work.
D.
Where existing light standards, poles, fire hydrants and similar
structures are within the limits of the sidewalk area, the concrete
around such structures shall be scored in a block eight inches wider
than the maximum dimension of the structure at the sidewalk elevation.
Prior to placing the concrete around such structures, premolded expansion
joint filler, 3/4 inch in thickness shall be placed around the structures
for the full depth of the concrete in the sidewalk.
The concrete shall be placed in the forms in horizontal layers.
The concrete shall be four inches in depth unless otherwise indicated
on the drawings or specified. The concrete shall be struck off and
have a wood float or brush finish. Unless otherwise directed, an edger
having a one-fourth-inch radius shall be used for edging all joints.
Side forms shall not be removed within 12 hours after the concrete
has been placed. After removal of the forms, minor honeycombed areas
shall be filled with mortar composed of one part of cement and two
parts of fine aggregate. Major honeycombed areas will be considered
as defective work and shall be removed and replaced at no expense
to the Borough.
A.
The newly poured sidewalks shall be cured and protected. In cool
weather temperature below 35° F., sidewalks shall be cured as
directed by the Borough Engineer.
B.
In warm weather, the sidewalks shall be kept moist for a period of
not less than three days, or longer if directed, and shall be protected
from the elements by a burlap covering which is not less than seven
ounces per square yard in weight or polyethylene sheeting with a total
nominal thickness of the two layers not less than four mils, in a
manner satisfactory to the Borough Engineer.
After the concrete has cured for a period of not less than 72
hours, the spaces adjacent to the sidewalk shall be backfilled with
approved material in layers of not more than four inches in depth,
which shall be thoroughly compacted mechanically to the required elevation
and cross section.
Handicapped/pedestrian ramps shall be installed in locations
directed by the Borough.
Engineering specifications for cement concrete sidewalks are
illustrated on a detail sheet prepared by the Borough Engineer, which
is hereby declared to be a part of this article, and the notations,
references and other data shown thereon are as much a part of this
article as if the same were fully set forth herein.