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City of Fredericksburg, VA
 
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[Code 1991, § 2-301]
The following words, terms and phrases, when used in this article, shall have the meanings ascribed to them in this section, except where the context clearly indicates a different meaning:
BEST VALUE (as predetermined in the solicitation)
The overall combination of quality, price, and various elements of required services that in total are optimal relative to the City Council's needs.
BRAND NAME OR EQUAL SPECIFICATION
A specification limited to one or more items by manufacturers' names or catalogue numbers to describe the standard of quality, performance, and other salient characteristics needed to meet City requirements and which provides for the submission of equivalent products.
CHANGE ORDER (UNILATERAL)
A written order, signed and unilaterally issued by the City Manager, directing the contractor to make changes which the changes clause of the contract authorizes the City Manager to order without the consent of the contractor.
COMPETITIVE NEGOTIATION
A method of contractor selection which includes the elements in § 2-362.
COMPETITIVE SEALED BIDDING
A method of contractor selection which includes the elements in § 2-363.
CONSTRUCTION
Building, altering, repairing, improving, or demolishing any structure, building or highway, and any draining, dredging, excavation, grading, or similar work upon real property.
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT CONTRACT
A contract in which a party is retained by the owner to coordinate and administer contracts for construction services for the benefit of the owner, and may also include, if provided in the contract, the furnishing of construction services to the owner.
CONTRACT
All types of City agreements, regardless of what they may be called, for the procurement of goods, services, insurance, or construction.
DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACT
A contract between the City Council and another party in which the party contracting with the City Council agrees to both design and build the structure, roadway or other item specified in the contract.
EMPLOYEE
An individual drawing a salary or wages from the City whether elected or not; any uncompensated individual performing personal services for the City or any department, agency, commission, City Council, board or any other entity established by the executive or legislative branch of the City; and any uncompensated individual serving as an elected official of the City.
GOODS
All material, equipment, supplies, printing and automated data processing hardware and software.
GOVERNING BODY
The City Council and its committees and subcommittees.
INFORMALITY
A minor defect or variation of a bid or proposal from the exact requirements of the invitation to bid, or the request for proposal, which does not affect the price, quality, quantity or delivery schedule for the goods, services or construction being procured.
MULTIPHASE PROFESSIONAL SERVICES CONTRACT
A contract for the providing of professional services where the total scope of work of the second or subsequent phase of the contract cannot be specified without the results of the first or prior phase of the contract.
NONPROFESSIONAL SERVICES
Any services not specifically identified as professional services in the definition of "professional services" in this section.
POTENTIAL BIDDER OR OFFEROR
For the purposes of § 2-434 and Code of Virginia, § 2.2-4364, means a person who, at the time the City Council negotiates and awards or proposes to award a contract, is engaged in the sale or lease of goods, or the sale of services, insurance or construction, of the type to be procured under the contract, and who at such time is eligible and qualified in all respects to perform that contract, and who would have been eligible and qualified to submit a bid or proposal had the contract been procured through competitive bidding.
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
Work performed by an independent contractor within the scope of the practice of accounting, architecture, land surveying, landscape architecture, law, medicine, optometry, pharmacy or professional engineering.
PUBLIC BODY
Any legislative, executive or judicial body, agency, office, department, authority, post, commission, committee, institution, board or political subdivision created by law to exercise some sovereign power or to perform some governmental duty, and empowered by law to undertake the activities described in this article.
PUBLIC CONTRACT
An agreement between the City Council and a nongovernment source that is enforceable in a court of law.
REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL
All documents, whether attached or incorporated by reference, utilized for soliciting proposals.
RESPONSIBLE BIDDER OR OFFEROR
A person who has the capability, in all respects, to perform fully the contract requirements and the moral and business integrity and reliability which will ensure good faith performance, and who has been prequalified, if required.
RESPONSIVE BIDDER
A person who has submitted a bid which conforms in all material respects to the invitation to bid.
SERVICES
Any work performed by an independent contractor wherein the service rendered does not consist primarily of acquisition of equipment or materials, or the rental of equipment, materials and supplies.
SHELTERED WORKSHOP
A work-oriented rehabilitative facility with a controlled working environment and individual goals which utilizes work experience and related services for assisting the handicapped person to progress toward normal living and a productive vocational status.
[Code 1991, § 2-302]
A. 
The purpose of this article is to increase public confidence in purchasing by the City, to encourage competition in public purchasing among vendors or contractors, to administer fairly and equitably purchasing policies among bidders and to obtain high quality goods and services at the lowest possible price.
B. 
This article applies to contracts for the procurement of goods, services, insurance and construction entered into by the City involving every expenditure for public purchasing irrespective of its source. When the procurement involves the expenditure of federal assistance or contract funds, the procurements shall be conducted in accordance with any applicable mandatory federal laws and regulations which are not reflected in this article. Nothing in this article shall prevent any public agency from complying with the terms and conditions of any grant, gift, or bequest which are otherwise consistent with the law.
[Code 1991, § 2-303]
Any public body in the City may participate in, sponsor, conduct or administer a cooperative procurement agreement with one or more other public bodies, or agencies of the United States, for the purpose of combining requirements to increase efficiency or reduce administrative expenses. Any such public body which enters into a cooperative procurement agreement with a county, City or town whose governing body has adopted alternative policies and procedures pursuant to Code of Virginia, § 2.2-4343A(9) or 2.2-4343A(10) shall determine by written agreement with such other public body or agency whether the requirements of this article or the alternative policies and procedures adopted by the governing body of such other county, City or town shall apply.
[Code 1991, § 2-304]
The City Manager shall establish programs consistent with all provisions of this article to facilitate the participation of small businesses and businesses owned by women and minorities in procurement transactions. Such programs shall be in writing, and may include cooperation with the state office of minority business enterprises, the United States Small Business Administration or other public or private agencies.
[Code 1991, §§ 2-305, 2-331]
In the solicitation or awarding of contracts, the City shall not discriminate because of the race, religion, color, sex, or national origin of the bidder or offeror.