[Code 1991, § 17-141]
The following words, terms and phrases, when used in this article,
shall have the meanings ascribed to them in this section, except where
the context clearly indicates a different meaning or there is an express
provision to the contrary:
AFFILIATED GROUP
A.Â
One or more chains of corporations subject to inclusion connected
through stock ownership with a common parent corporation which is
a corporation subject to inclusion if:
(1)Â
Stock possessing at least 80% of the voting power of all classes
of stock and at least 80% of each class of the nonvoting stock of
each of the corporations subject to inclusion, except the common parent
corporation, is owned directly by one or more of the other corporations
subject to inclusion; and
(2)Â
The common parent corporation directly owns stock possessing
at least 80% of the voting power of all classes of stock and at least
80% of each class of the nonvoting stock of at least one of the other
subject to inclusion corporations.
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As used in this subsection, the term "stock" does not include
nonvoting stock which is limited and preferred as to dividends, the
phrase "corporation subject to inclusion" means any corporation within
the affiliated group irrespective of the state or country of its incorporation,
and the term "receipts" includes gross receipts and gross income.
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B.Â
Two or more corporations if five or fewer persons who are individuals,
estates or trusts own stock possessing:
(1)Â
At least 80% of the total combined voting power of all classes
of stock entitled to vote or at least 80% of the total value of shares
of all classes of the stock of each corporation; and
(2)Â
More than 50% of the total combined voting power of all classes
of stock entitled to vote or more than 50% of the total value of shares
of all classes of stock of each corporation, taking into account the
stock ownership of each such person only to the extent such stock
ownership is identical with respect to each such corporation.
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When one or more of the corporations subject to inclusion, including
the common parent corporation, is a nonstock corporation, the term
"stock" as used in this subsection shall refer to the nonstock corporation
membership or membership voting rights, as is appropriate to the context.
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C.Â
Two or more entities if such entities satisfy the requirements in Subsection
A or
B of this definition as if they were corporations and the ownership interests therein were stock.
ASSESSMENT
A determination as to the proper rate of tax, the measure
to which the tax rate is applied, and ultimately the amount of tax,
including additional or omitted tax, that is due. An assessment shall
include a written assessment made pursuant to notice by the assessing
official or a self-assessment made by a taxpayer upon the filing of
a return or otherwise not pursuant to notice. Assessments shall be
deemed made by an assessing official when a written notice of assessment
is delivered to the taxpayer by the assessing official or an employee
of the assessing official, or mailed to the taxpayer at his last known
address. Self-assessments shall be deemed made when a return is filed,
or, if no return is required, when the tax is paid. A return filed
or tax paid before the last day prescribed by ordinance for the filing
or payment thereof shall be deemed to be filed or paid on the last
day specified for the filing of a return or the payment of tax, as
the case may be.
ASSESSOR
The Commissioner of the Revenue of the City.
BASE YEAR
The calendar year preceding the license year, except for
contractors subject to the provisions of Code of Virginia, § 58.1-3715
or unless this article provides for a different period for measuring
the gross receipts of a business, such as for beginning businesses
or to allow an option to use the same fiscal year as for federal income
tax purposes.
BROKER
An agent of a buyer or seller who buys or sells stocks, bonds,
commodities, or services, usually on a commission basis.
BUSINESS
A course of dealing which requires the time, attention and
labor of the person so engaged for the purpose of earning a livelihood
or profit. It implies a continuous and regular course of dealing,
rather than an irregular or isolated transaction. A person may be
engaged in more than one business. The following acts shall create
a rebuttable presumption that a person is engaged in a business:
A.Â
Advertising or otherwise holding oneself out to the public as
being engaged in a particular business; or
B.Â
Filing tax returns, schedules and documents that are required
only of persons engaged in a trade or business.
COMMODITY
Staples such as wool, cotton, etc., which are traded on a
commodity exchange and on which there is trading in futures.
CONTRACTOR
Shall have the meaning prescribed in Code of Virginia, § 58.1-3714B,
whether such work is done or offered to be done by day labor, general
contract, or subcontract.
DEALER
Any person engaged in the business of buying and selling
securities for his own account, but does not include a bank or any
person insofar as he buys or sells securities for his own account,
either individually or in some fiduciary capacity, but not as part
of a regular business.
DEFINITE PLACE OF BUSINESS
An office or a location at which occurs a regular and continuous
course of dealing for 30 consecutive days or more. A definite place
of business for a person engaged in business may include a location
leased or otherwise obtained from another person on a temporary or
seasonal basis and real property leased to another. A person's residence
shall be deemed to be a definite place of business if there is no
definite place of business maintained elsewhere and the person is
not subject to licensure as a peddler or itinerant merchant.
ENTITY
A business organization, other than a sole proprietorship,
that is a corporation, limited liability company, limited partnership,
or limited liability partnership duly organized under the laws of
the commonwealth or another state.
FINANCIAL SERVICES
The buying, selling, handling, managing, investing, and providing
of advice regarding money, credit, securities or other investments
and shall include the service for compensation by a credit agency,
investment company, broker or dealer in securities and commodities,
or a security or commodity exchange, unless such service is otherwise
provided for under this article. Those engaged in rendering financial
services shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
A.Â
Buying installment receivables.
B.Â
Chattel mortgage financing.
G.Â
Financing accounts receivable.
H.Â
Industrial loan companies.
K.Â
Loan or mortgage brokers.
L.Â
Loan or mortgage companies.
M.Â
Safety deposit box companies.
N.Â
Security and commodity brokers and services.
P.Â
Working capital financing.
GROSS RECEIPTS
The whole, entire, total receipts attributable to the licensed
privilege, without deduction, except as may be otherwise provided
under this article.
LICENSE YEAR
The calendar year for which a license is issued for the privilege
of engaging in business.
PERSONAL SERVICES
The rendering for compensation of any repair, personal, business
or other services not specifically classified as "financial, real
estate or professional service" under this article, or rendered in
any other business or occupation not specifically classified under
this article, unless exempted from local license tax by Code of Virginia,
Title 58.1.
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
Services performed by architects, attorneys at law, certified
public accountants, dentists, engineers, land surveyors, surgeons,
veterinarians, and practitioners of the healing arts (the arts and
sciences dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and cure
or alleviation of human physical or mental ailments, conditions, diseases,
pain or infirmities) and such occupations, and no others, as the state
department of taxation may list in the BPOL guidelines promulgated
pursuant to Code of Virginia, § 58.1-3701. The department
shall identify and list each occupation or vocation in which a professed
knowledge of some department of science or learning, gained by a prolonged
course of specialized instruction and study, is used in its practical
application to the affairs of others, either advising, guiding, or
teaching them, and in serving their interests or welfare in the practice
of an art or science founded on it. The word "profession" implies
attainments in professional knowledge as distinguished from mere skill,
and the application of knowledge to uses for others rather than for
personal profit.
PURCHASES
All goods, wares and merchandise received for sale at each
definite place of business of a wholesale merchant. The term shall
also include the cost of manufacture of all goods, wares and merchandise
manufactured by any wholesale merchant and sold or offered for sale.
A wholesale merchant may elect to report the gross receipts from the
sale of manufactured goods, wares and merchandise if it cannot determine
the cost of manufacture or chooses not to disclose the cost of manufacture.
REAL ESTATE SERVICES
Rendering a service for compensation as lessor, buyer, seller,
agent or broker and providing a real estate service, unless the service
is otherwise specifically provided for under this article. Such services
shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
A.Â
Appraisers of real estate.
B.Â
Escrow agents, real estate.
D.Â
Lessors of real property.
E.Â
Real estate agents, brokers and managers.
F.Â
Real estate selling agents.
G.Â
Rental agents for real estate.
RETAILER and RETAIL MERCHANT
Any person or merchant who sells goods, wares or merchandise
for use or consumption by the purchaser or for any purpose other than
resale by the purchaser, but does not include sales at wholesale to
institutional, commercial or industrial users.
SECURITY
The same as that term is defined in the Securities Act, Code
of Virginia, § 13.1-501 et seq., or in similar laws of the
United States regulating the sale of securities.
SERVICES
Things purchased by a customer which do not have physical
characteristics, or which are not goods, wares, or merchandise.
WHOLESALER and WHOLESALE MERCHANT
Any person or merchant who sells wares and merchandise for
resale by the purchaser, including sales when the goods, wares and
merchandise will be incorporated into goods and services for sale,
and also includes sales to institutional, commercial, industrial,
or governmental users which, because of the quantity, price, or other
terms, indicate that they are consistent with sales at wholesale.
[Code 1991, § 17-142]
For each and every year, beginning on January 1 and ending December
31, there is hereby levied and there shall be collected an annual
license tax as set forth in this article, except as otherwise specifically
provided in this article, on all persons conducting or engaged in
any business, trade, profession, occupation, or calling in the City.
[Code 1991, § 17-143(a)]
Every person in the City engaging in any business, trade, profession,
occupation or calling (collectively referred to in this section as
"a business") as defined in this article, unless otherwise exempted
by law, shall apply for a license for each such business if:
A. Such person maintains a definite place of business in the City;
B. Such person does not maintain a definite office anywhere but resides
in the City, which abode for the purposes of this article shall be
deemed a definite place of business; or
C. There is no definite place of business but such person operates amusement
machines, is engaged as a peddler or itinerant merchant, carnival
or circus as specified in Code of Virginia, § 58.1-3717,
58.1-3718, or 58.1-3728, respectively, or is a contractor subject
to Code of Virginia, § 58.1-3715, or is a public service
corporation subject to Code of Virginia, § 58.1-3731.
[Ord. No. 08-10, 5-13-2008]
Any person engaging in a business, trade, profession, occupation, or calling without obtaining the required license shall be deemed in violation of §Â
70-303 of the Fredericksburg City Code. Such violation is a Class 1 misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed $2,500 and/or 12 months in jail.
[Code 1991, § 17-143(b), 17-155]
A. A separate license is required for each definite place of business.
Any person doing business at more than one place, stall, or stand
shall be required to take out a separate license for each of such
places, stalls or stands, unless such places, stalls or stands communicate
directly and continuously with an opening to each other.
B. A separate license shall be required for each business. A person
engaged in two or more businesses or professions carried on at the
same place of business may elect to obtain one license for all such
businesses and professions if all of the following criteria are satisfied:
(1)Â Each business or profession is subject to licensure at the location
and has satisfied any requirements imposed by state law or City ordinances;
(2)Â All of the businesses or professions are subject to the same tax
rate, or, if subject to different tax rates, the licensee agrees to
be taxed on all businesses and professions at the highest rate; and
(3)Â The taxpayer agrees to supply such information as the assessor may
require concerning the nature of the several businesses and their
gross receipts.
[Ord. No. 02-21, 8-13-2002; amended 8-9-2016 by Ord. No. 16-20]
A. No license shall be issued under this article until the applicant
has produced satisfactory evidence to the commissioner that all delinquent
business license, personal property, meals, transient occupancy, and
admissions taxes properly assessed against the applicant and owed
by the business to the City have been paid.
B. No license shall be issued under this article until the applicant
has produced satisfactory evidence to the commissioner that all applicable
zoning and building code approvals have been obtained for any new
business or existing business in a new or expanded location.
C. Any person who engages in a business without obtaining a license
required by this article, or after having been refused a license,
shall not be relieved of the tax imposed by this article.
[Code 1991, § 17-146]
When any person shall, by use of signs, circulars, cards or
use of City newspapers, advertise any business, it shall be considered
prima facie evidence of liability under this article and such person
shall be required to take out a license for such business.
[Code 1991, § 17-149]
Every person subject to the license tax under this article,
based upon the amount of his actual or probable purchases, his actual
or probable commissions, his gross receipts from his business or profession,
or as graded in any other way, shall state the amount of his actual
or probable purchases, or of his gross receipts from his business
or profession, or any other matter that may be pertinent to the assessment
of the tax on such license; provided that, in case of an incorporated
company, such oath shall be made by the chief officer or agent resident
of the City or in charge of the business of the company. A duplicate
of his application for a license, including his statement, under oath,
shall form a part of the license.
[Code 1991, § 17-152]
All licenses issued pursuant to this article shall be assessed
as of the first day of the month in which issued, and shall cover
the period from the date of issuance until December 31 next succeeding.
[Code 1991, § 17-156]
If a person ceases to engage in a business, trade, profession
or calling within the City during a year for which a license tax based
upon gross receipts has already been paid, the taxpayer shall be entitled
upon application to a refund for that portion of the license tax already
paid, prorated on a monthly basis so as to ensure that the license
privilege is taxed only for that portion of the year during which
it is exercised within the City. The treasurer shall have the authority
to remit any refunds in the ensuring fiscal year, and may offset against
such refund any amount of past due taxes owed by the same taxpayer.
In no event shall the City refund any part of a flat fee or minimum
flat tax.
[Code 1991, § 17-157]
Each person required to pay a license tax under the provisions
of this article shall post and keep posted his license in a conspicuous
place. If the tax is graduated, as provided in this article, the license
and the application therefor shall not be separated, detached, mutilated,
or defaced in any way. Any person violating the provisions of this
section in any way shall be subject to a fine of not less than $10
and not more than $100. Each day that any person violates the provisions
of this section shall constitute a separate offense.
[Code 1991, § 17-164]
Whenever the tax imposed pursuant to this article is measured
by gross receipts, the gross receipts included in the taxable measure
shall be only those attributed to the exercise of a licensable privilege
at a definite place of business within the City. In the case of activities
conducted outside of a definite place of business, such as during
a visit to a customer location, the gross receipts shall be attributed
to the definite place of business from which such activities are initiated,
directed, or controlled. The situs of gross receipts for different
classifications of business shall be attributed to one or more definite
places of business or offices, as follows:
A. The gross receipts of a contractor shall be attributed to the definite
place of business at which his services are performed, or, if his
services are not performed at any definite place of business, then
the definite place of business from which his services are directed
or controlled, unless the contractor is subject to the provisions
of Code of Virginia, § 58.1-3715;
B. The gross receipts of a retailer or wholesaler shall be attributed
to the definite place of business at which sales solicitation activities
occur, or, if sales solicitation activities do not occur at any definite
place of business, then the definite place of business from which
sales solicitation activities are directed or controlled; however,
a wholesaler or distribution house subject to a license tax measured
by purchases shall determine the situs of its purchases by the definite
place of business at which or from which deliveries of the purchased
goods, wares and merchandise are made to customers. Any whole-saler
who is subject to license tax in two or more localities and who is
subject to multiple taxation because the localities use different
measures, may apply to the state department of taxation for a determination
as to the proper measure of purchases and gross receipts subject to
license tax in each locality;
C. The gross receipts of a business renting tangible personal property
shall be attributed to the definite place of business from which the
tangible personal property is rented, or, if the property is not rented
from any definite place of business, then the definite place of business
at which the rental of such property is managed; and
D. The gross receipts from the performance of services shall be attributed
to the definite place of business at which the services are performed,
or, if not performed at any definite place of business, then to the
definite place of business from which the services are directed or
controlled.
[Code 1991, § 17-165]
If the licensee has more than one definite place of business and it is impractical or impossible to determine to which definite place of business gross receipts should be attributed under the general rule and the affected jurisdictions are unable to reach an apportionment agreement under §Â
70-319, except as to circumstances set forth in Code of Virginia, § 58.1-3709, as amended, the gross receipts of the business shall be apportioned between the definite places of businesses on the basis of payroll. Gross receipts shall not be apportioned to a definite place of business unless some activities under the applicable general rule occurred at, or were controlled from, such definite place of business. Gross receipts attributable to a definite place of business in another jurisdiction shall not be attributed to the City solely because the other jurisdiction does not impose a tax on the gross receipts attributable to the definite place of business in such other jurisdiction.
[Code 1991, § 17-166]
The commissioner may enter into agreements with any other political
subdivision of the state concerning the manner in which gross receipts
shall be apportioned among definite places of business. However, the
sum of the gross receipts apportioned by any such agreement shall
not exceed the total gross receipts attributable to all of the definite
places of business affected thereby. Upon being notified by a taxpayer
that its method of attributing gross receipts is fundamentally inconsistent
with the method of one or more political subdivisions in which the
taxpayer is licensed to engage in business and that the difference
has, or is likely to, result in taxes on more than 100% of its gross
receipts from all locations in the affected jurisdictions, the commissioner
shall make a good faith effort to reach an apportionment agreement
with the other political subdivisions involved.
[Code 1991, § 17-169]
Every person who is assessable with a license tax shall keep
sufficient records to enable the commissioner to verify the correctness
of the tax paid for the license years assessable and to enable the
commissioner to ascertain what is the correct amount of tax that was
assessable for each of those years. All such records, books of accounts
and other information shall be open to inspection and examination
by the commissioner in order to allow the commissioner to establish
whether a particular receipt is directly attributable to the taxable
privilege exercised within the City. The commissioner shall provide
the taxpayer with the option to conduct the audit in the taxpayer's
local business office, if the records are maintained there. If the
records are maintained outside the City, copies of the appropriate
books and records shall be sent to the commissioner's office upon
demand.
[Code 1991, § 17-171]
The following shall be deducted from gross receipts or gross
purchases that would otherwise be taxable:
A. Any amount paid for computer hardware and software that are sold
to a United States federal or state government entity provided that
such property was purchased within two years of the sale to such entity
by the original purchaser, who shall have been contractually obligated
at the time of purchase to resell such property to a state or federal
government entity. This deduction shall not occur until the time of
resale and shall apply to only the original cost of the property and
not to its resale price, and the deduction shall not apply to any
of the tangible personal property which was the subject of the original
resale contract if it is not resold to a state or federal government
entity in accordance with the original contract obligation.
B. Any receipts attributable to business conducted in another state
or foreign country in which the taxpayer is liable for an income or
other tax based upon income.