[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 1]
The purpose of this Chapter is:
1.
To provide minimum standards to safeguard persons, protect property
and promote the general welfare by preventing excess erosion, hazardous
rock and soil slippage, sediment production and other soil and water
management problems by regulating and controlling the design, construction,
quality of materials, use, location, and maintenance of grading, excavations
and fills.
2.
To establish performance standards that ensure land use practices
based on the natural topography and capabilities of the land.
3.
To prevent earthflow and rockfall landslides.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 2]
This Chapter addresses new grading, excavations and fills and
changes, additions or alterations made to existing excavations, fills
and embankments that shall conform to the provisions of this Chapter.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 3]
The Rankin Borough Council designates the Administrator or his
authorized representative, to review, approve, and grant grading permits
and to make inspections of grading work.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 4]
1.
A separate grading permit shall be required for each land development.
One permit shall cover all grading, excavation and any fills made
on the same site.
A.
Only one permit shall be required for the grading of a continuous
parcel of land for a land development or subdivision, when the standards
for the grading of the entire parcel are satisfactory to, and approved
by, the Administrator or his authorized representative.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 5]
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 6]
1.
A grading permit shall not be required for any of the following:
A.
An excavation which does not exceed three feet in vertical depth at its deepest point measured from the natural ground surface or which does not cover a surface area of more than 1,000 square feet, provided that the surfaces of such excavation do not have a slope at any point steeper than four horizontal to one vertical. However, this subsection shall not be deemed to nullify the application of this Part 1, or any requirement for obtaining a grading permit, with respect to any fill made with material from such an excavation, unless otherwise excused by Subsections 1B and C of this Section.
B.
A fill that does not exceed 10 cubic yards of material on any one
site.
C.
Fill which does exceed three feet in vertical depth at its deepest
point measured from the natural ground surface and does not cover
an area of more than 1,000 square feet, provided that the surfaces
of such fills do not have a slope at any point steeper than four horizontal
to one vertical.
D.
An excavation which is below finished grade for basements and for footings of a building, other than a one-family dwelling, swimming pool or underground structure authorized by a building permit; and an excavation for a driveway between a building site and the street; provided, however, that a permit is required for an excavation of a driveway between the building site and the street when either excavation or filling exceeds three feet in vertical depth or the total volume of excavation and filling exceeds 10 cubic yards. However, this subsection shall not be deemed to nullify the application of this Part 1, or any requirement for obtaining a grading permit, with respect to any fill made with the material from such an excavation unless otherwise excused by Subsection 1B and C of this Section.
E.
Soil excavated under the authorization of a properly issued building
permit that is stockpiled on the same site as the excavation. If,
however, excavated material is stockpiled on a site for a period of
longer than 100 and 120 days, then a permit shall be necessary when
disposing of the fill material. Excavated material stockpiled for
longer than 40 days must be seeded with grass and proper erosion control
steps must be taken in accordance with the requirements of the Allegheny
County Conservation District.
F.
A properly issued building permit for the construction of a single
family dwelling does not require the issuance of a grading permit
provided less than 100 cubic yards of soil is displaced (the 100 cubic
yards threshold does not include earthwork performed for the construction
of the foundation/basement.
G.
Exploratory excavations under the direction of a geotechnical engineer.
H.
Excavations for wells, public utilities or cemetery graves.
I.
Work performed by the Borough or by contractors employed by the Borough
in a public street or alley, municipal park, playground, recreation
area or on other Borough property.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 7]
For the purpose of this Chapter, the following terms and words
are defined as follows:
The Borough's zoning and building Inspector and Enforcement
Officer.
Any landowner, or agent of a landowner with the written permission
of said landowner, who proposes to make or causes to be made any excavation,
fill or any combination thereof pursuant to the provisions of this
Chapter.
A registered professional architect licenses as such by the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
The flood that has a 1% probability of being equaled or exceeded
in any given year (also referred to as the one-hundred-year flood).
Natural rock layer, hard or soft, in place at ground surface
or beneath unconsolidated surficial deposits.
The Borough of Rankin.
The Building Code of the Borough, as amended.
A registered professional engineer licensed as such by the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The use of the word "engineer" shall
not exclude the practice of topographic surveying as provided for
by the laws of the commonwealth.
The detachment and movement of soil or rock fragments by
water, wind, ice or gravity, including such processes as gravitational
creep.
Any act, by which earth, sand, gravel, rock or any other
similar material is cut into, dug, quarried, uncovered, removed, displaced,
relocated or pushed and shall include the conditions resulting therefrom.
Any act by which earth, sand, gravel, rock or any other similar
material is deposited, placed, pushed, dumped, pulled, transported
or moved to a new location, including the condition resulting therefrom.
A general but temporary condition of partial or complete
inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of streams,
rivers, or other waters of this commonwealth.
Any land area susceptible to being inundated by flood water
from any source.
The lands adjoining a river or stream that have been or may
be expected to be inundated by flood waters in a base flood.
The channel of a watercourse and portions of the adjoining
floodplains that are reasonably required to carry and discharge the
base flood. Unless otherwise specified, the boundary of the floodway
is as indicated on maps and flood insurance studies provided by FEMA.
In an area where no FEMA maps or studies have defined the boundary
of the base flood floodway, it is assumed, absent evidence to the
contrary, that the floodway extends from the stream to 50 feet from
the top of the bank of the stream.
An area containing any of the following physical characteristics:
a slope of 40% or greater, a Landslide Prone Area, a Subsidence Prone
Area, or an area containing physical evidence of site instability
such as soil creep, slumping, rock falls, groundwater seepage, rock
slides, saturated soils or landslides.
A report prepared and sealed by a geotechnical engineer that
shall include some or all of the following as required by the municipality:
Analysis of the soil borings and samples. A sufficient number
of standard soil borings must be taken to a suitable depth to accurately
determine existing conditions.
Global Stability Analysis of proposed fill embankments and slopes
and the effect on existing embankments supporting municipal infrastructure,
public utilities and structures on adjacent properties.
Development of soil parameters and how they are to be used.
Analysis of cut slope stability.
Complete and dimensioned details of all critical items, if required,
such as keyways, rock toe, benches, drainage blankets, drains and
surface diversions. Location of these items must be shown on a grading
plan and on a related land development plan, if any.
Any other information and data required by the Municipal Engineer
to determine the stability of the site.
Complete and detailed sealed engineering design and recommendations
for excavation, fill, grading, compaction and embankment construction.
A plan indicating the boundaries of any minimally steep slope,
somewhat steep slope, moderately steep slope, significantly steep
slope. exceedingly steep slope, land slide prone areas and subsidence
prone areas as defined in this Chapter.
A plan indicating topographic contour lines at two foot intervals
for the subject site before any development is started. The contours
must be developed from an on-site field topographic survey. The plan
shall also show two foot intervals of the proposed development. Five
foot contours may be used in areas of more than 50% slope.
A certificate of insurance evidencing that the geotechnical
engineer has in force professional liability insurance with a limit
not less than the total project cost, but in any event not less than
$1,000,000.
An individual licensed and registered under the laws of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to engage in the practice of geology
and who has training and experience in the field of engineering geology.
A Registered Professional Engineer with training and experience
in geology, civil engineering, soil mechanics, the physical properties
of soil and behavior of soil masses subject to various types of forces
and conditions.
The elevation of the existing or proposed ground surface
at the location of any proposed excavation or fill.
Excavation of fill, or any combination thereof, including
the conditions resulting from any excavation or fill.
Any permit required pursuant to the provisions of this Chapter.
Any danger or potential danger to life, limb or health, or
any adverse effect or potential adverse effect to the safety, use
or stability of the property, adjacent property, waterways, public
ways, structures, utilities and storm sewers, including stream pollution.
Any of the following activities:
The improvement of one lot of two or more contiguous lots, tracts
or parcels of land for any purpose involving:
A group of two or more residential or nonresidential buildings,
whether proposed initially or cumulatively, or a single nonresidential
building on a lot or lots regardless of the number of occupants or
tenure.
The division or allocation of land or space, whether initially
or cumulatively, between, or among, two or more existing or prospective
occupants by means of, or for the purpose of streets, common areas,
leaseholds, condominiums, building groups or other features.
A subdivision of land.
Development in accordance with § 503(1.1) of the Pennsylvania
Municipalities Planning Code.
An individual licensed and registered under the laws of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to engage in the practice of landscape
architecture.
Any geologic formation that is especially susceptible to
landslides due to the presence of one or more conditions such as unstable
rock formations, soil types, groundwater seepage or saturated soils,
including without limitation areas containing soils identified as
landslide prone in the Soil Survey of Allegheny County or other maps
or surveys in the Allegheny County Department of Economic Development.
An event where rainfall has a 1% probability of being equaled
or exceeded in any given year in that location. A one-hundred-year
twenty-four-hour rainfall event shall be considered 5.2 inches.
Any landowner, agent or said landowner, with the written
permission of said landowner who has been granted a grading permit
pursuant to the provisions of this Chapter.
A structure composed of concrete, steel or other approved
building material constructed for the purpose of supporting a cut
or filled embankment which would otherwise not comply with the requirements
or standards set forth in this Chapter, and which is more than two
feet in height as measured on the exposed vertical surface of the
wall.
A single lot, tract or parcel of land, or a series of lots,
tracts or parcels of land which are adjoining and with respect to
which grading work is to be continuous and performed generally at
the same time.
The percent of rise or descent of the land surface calculated
by dividing the number of feet of vertical rise/ descent in elevation
by the number of feet of horizontal distance, expressed as a percentage.
Slope shall be calculated between contour intervals used to prepare
the existing site topographic plan but in no case shall the vertical
interval exceed two feet. The percent of slope is determined from
on-site topographic surveys prepared with a two-foot contour interval
or topography taken from controlled aerial photography at two foot
intervals. The slope of the land shall be shown on a plan of the property
based on the following six categories:
|
Gentle slopes
|
0% to 14%
| |
|
Minimally steep slopes
|
15% to 19%
| |
|
Somewhat steep slopes
|
20% to 25%
| |
|
Moderately steep slopes
|
26% to 30%
| |
|
Significantly steep slopes
|
31% to 40%
| |
|
Exceedingly steep slopes
|
Greater than 40%
|
The Soil Survey of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, as prepared
by the USDA Soil Conservation Service.
Any and all parts or combination of ashes, garbage, refuse,
radioactive material, combustible demolition materials and industrial
wastes such as food processing wastes, wood, plastic, metal scrap,
and other such materials whose disposal is regulated by the Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Protection.
The control of surface water runoff as regulated by the Borough's Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance [Chapter 22], as amended.
The Borough's Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance [Chapter 22], as amended.
An area above active and abandoned mining activities, as
determined from records of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Protection, Bureau of Mining and Reclamation, Division of Mine Subsidence
Insurance and Mine Subsidence Regulations and other applicable maps
and records.
An event where rainfall has a 4% probability of being equaled
or exceeded in any given year in that location. A twenty-five-year
twenty-four-hour rainfall event shall be considered 4.4 inches.
The Borough's Zoning Ordinance, as amended.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 8]
Unless otherwise expressly stated, the terms and words shall,
for the purpose of this Chapter, have the meaning herein indicated.
Words used in the singular number include the plural, and words in
the plural include the singular; words in the masculine gender include
the feminine and neuter; and the word "building" includes the word
"structure," and the word "structure" includes the word "building.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 9]
1.
Every applicant for a grading permit shall file a written application
on a form provided by the municipality, plans and specifications therefore
with the Administrator which shall include at a minimum:
A.
A description of the land on which the proposed work is to be done
by lot, block, tract and street address, or similar description that
will readily identify and definitively locate the proposed work.
B.
The estimated dates for the starting and completion of grading work.
C.
The purpose for which the grading application is filed.
D.
Whether or not a building, structure or other improvement, requiring
a building permit for its construction, is intended to be erected
on the land on which the gracing is to be done.
2.
The plans and specifications shall accurately portray and describe
the site and proposed soil erosion controls. All plans submitted shall
be signed and sealed by an engineer or land surveyor. Plans shall
be submitted in triplicate, one set of which shall be of a reproducible
nature, and shall include at a minimum:
A.
The name and address of the applicant.
B.
The name and address of the owner of the land.
C.
The written permission and approval of the owner of the property,
if the applicant is an agent of the landowner, by affidavit.
D.
Accurate location by lot, block, tract, street address, a location
map or other similar information.
E.
The boundaries of any minimally steep slope, somewhat steep slope,
moderately steep slope, significantly steep slope, exceedingly steep
slope, land slide prone areas, subsidence prone areas, geologic hazard
areas found to exist from a field investigation of the site.
F.
A plan showing topographic contour lines at two foot intervals and
the slope categories for the site topography for the subject site
before any development is started. The contours must be developed
from an on-site topographic survey or controlled aerial photograph
The Plan shall also show two foot intervals of the proposed development.
Five foot contours may be used in areas of more than 50% slopes.
G.
Cross-sections of the proposed excavation or fill at fifty-foot intervals
that show the method of benching, both excavation and/or fill; provided,
however, there shall not be less than two cross-sections for each
site.
H.
A plot plan showing the location of the grading boundaries, lot lines,
neighboring streets, or ways, buildings, surface and subsurface utilities
and waterways, existing drainage patterns, individual specimen trees
over four inches in diameter and sufficient dimensions and other data
to show all work.
I.
A description of the type and classification of the soil from the
soil survey, other standard soil surveys, or from other methods.
J.
Details and location of any proposed drainage structures, drainage
patterns, stormwater management facilities and pipes, walls and cribbing.
K.
Seeding locations and schedules and location of debris basins, diversions
channels and sedimentation traps.
L.
The nature of fill material and such other information as the Administrator
shall require to carry out the purpose of this Chapter.
M.
The name and seal of the engineer or land surveyor who prepared said
plans.
3.
An Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan and Report in accordance
with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection standards
shall be required and include existing site description of the topography,
drainage, cover and soils; major problems such as soil limitations,
erosion and sediment potential and surface runoff changes; and recommendations
to minimize soil limitations, erosion and sediment and surface water
disposal problems. Erosion and Sediment Pollution plan approval from
the Allegheny County Conservation District shall also be required.
4.
Trees and natural ground cover shall be retained wherever possible
to minimize the impact of the development on the site and environment.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 10]
1.
The Administrator shall require that the applicant submit a Geologic
Hazard Investigation Report if the site is, has been, or is likely
to become hazardous to persons or property. Overlay maps shall be
used in part to locate hazardous areas.
2.
In special cases, when grading occurs in areas of landslide-prone soil, or rockfall-prone areas as recognized by the soil survey, or other standard surveys, the Administrator shall require special precautions be taken and shall require the applicant to follow standards for steep slopes as required in § 9-302, Subsection 1A and B.
3.
Following review of an application pursuant to this Chapter, the
Administrator may issue the grading permit without conditions, issue
the permit with conditions or deny the application. The Administrator
shall issue a written decision to the applicant setting forth his
reasons for denial of an application. Reasons for denial of an application
may include, but are not limited to that the work proposed in the
application will create a hazard.
4.
Any applicant or permit holder aggrieved by the action of the Administrator
in denying, revoking, modifying or refusing to grant an extension
of, a grading permit, or by any other adverse determination of the
Administrator taken pursuant to this Chapter, shall have the right
of appeal to the Borough Council.
5.
If any appeal is taken from the issuance of a building permit where a grading permit has also been issued and if such appeal shall, pursuant to the provisions of the Zoning Ordinance [Chapter 27], operate as a stay of all proceedings under any such building permit, then such appeal shall also operate to stay all proceedings under any such grading permit.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 11]
The Administrator may require that terms and conditions of an applicant's performance under this Chapter be included in the Developer Agreement required pursuant to the Borough's Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance [Chapter 22], as amended.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 12]
Every grading permit shall expire and become null and void if
the work authorized by said permit has not been commenced within 90
days or, is not completed within one year, from the date of issue,
provided that the Administrator may, if the permit holder presents
satisfactory evidence that unusual difficulties have prevented work
from being started or completed within the specified time limits,
grant a reasonable extension of time, and provided further, that the
application for the extension of time is made before the date of expiration
of the permit.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 13]
1.
The Administration shall make the inspections hereinafter required
and shall either approve that portion of the work which has been completed
or notify the permit holder that the work fails to comply with provisions
of this Chapter.
2.
Grading and drainage plans and erosion and sedimentation control
plans approved by the Administrator or other agencies shall be maintained
at the site during the progress of the grading and drainage and until
the work has been approved.
3.
The permit holder shall notify the Administrator in order to obtain
inspections in accordance with the following schedule, and the permit
holder shall make such notification at least 48 hours before the inspection
is requested:
A.
Initial inspection: at the time when work is about to be commenced
and stake out is completed.
B.
Rough grading: after the time that all rough grading has been completed.
C.
Drainage facilities: all drainage facilities that connect to, or
shall become, public drainage facilities shall be continuously inspected
during construction.
D.
Additional inspections: at any time, in the opinion of the Administrator,
that other inspections are necessary.
E.
Final inspection: after all work, including the installation of all
drainage, landscaping and other structures, has been completed.
4.
If any stage of the work the Administrator shall determine by inspection
that the nature of any excavation or fill is such that further work
as authorized by an existing permit is likely to constitute a hazard,
the Administrator shall require, as a condition to allowing the work
to be done, such reasonable safety precautions be taken as the Administrator
considers acceptable to avoid the likelihood of danger. Safety precautions
may include, but not be limited to, specifying a flatter exposed slope,
construction of additional drainage facilities, berms, terracing,
compaction, cribbing or walls.
5.
The permit holder shall submit to the Administrator an as-built drawing
of the project before the issuance of a grading certificate of completion.
The as-built drawing must be sealed and certified by a professional
land surveyor properly licensed in Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 14]
Any difference in physical conditions from the original plan
uncovered in the site during the construction, such as surface water
drainage, soil and bedrock dislocations, alteration of groundwater
discharge or any other natural or man-made modification which would
tend to undermine the basis upon which the permit was issued, must
be immediately reported to the Administrator by the permit holder.
If the circumstances dictate, the Administrator shall revoke the permit
or otherwise modify the conditions upon which the permit was initially
issued.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 15]
1.
At the time of application, the applicant shall pay an application
review fee to cover the Borough's cost of reviewing application
documents. Any additional charges incurred by the Borough to review
the application for a grading permit shall be borne by the applicant.
Any application fees not expended by the Borough shall be returned
to the applicant within a reasonable period of time.
2.
Fees for review of grading permit applications and inspections shall
be in accordance with the schedule set forth in the applicable fee
resolution or ordinance of the Borough, as amended.
3.
If work proposed in an application requires the use or occupancy
of Borough roads or streets for access by heavy construction equipment,
or for hauling of spoil or borrow material, a separate bond shall
be required to guarantee the repair and or replacement, determined
by the Administrator, of pavements, curbs and sidewalks damaged during
the grading operation.
4.
As a condition of consideration of a grading permit application under
this Chapter, the applicant shall provide the Borough with a cash
bond, a letter of credit, or furnish other security acceptable to
the Borough, in the amount of 110% of the estimated cost to perform
the work. The cost estimate shall include the complete scope of work
needed to be performed by the applicant to comply with this Chapter
and shall be prepared and certified by the applicant's engineer
or architect and must be accepted as reasonable by the Administrator.
The Administrator shall be the final arbiter as to the reasonableness
of any cost estimates. No bond or security shall be required for grading
projects involving 15 cubic yards of fill or less.
5.
Upon completion of the grading under a grading permit, a maintenance bond in the amount of 15% of the cost estimated pursuant to Subsection 4 above shall be posted (payable to the Borough) for a period of 18 months from the date of completion of grading.
6.
No security under this Section shall be required if another letter
of credit or approved security is posted for construction and/or site
improvements which includes the cost of grading and other control
facilities.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 16]
If upon final inspection of the site for which a permit has
been issued, it is found that the work as authorized by the grading
permit has been satisfactorily completed in accordance with the requirements
of this Chapter, including but not limited to the submission of the
maintenance bond and as-built plans, a grading certificate of completion
covering such work and stating that the work is approved, shall be
issued to the permit holder by the Administrator.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 17]
1.
The owner of any property on which an excavation or fill has been
made shall maintain in good condition and repair the excavation or
fill, all retaining walls, cribbing, drainage structures, fences,
ground cover, erosion and sedimentation controls and other protective
devices and such maintenance shall be a continuing obligation of the
property owner.
2.
The continued use of such property shall be conditioned upon the
proper maintenance and upkeep of all the above-mentioned items, satisfactory
to the Borough and subject to such further conditions as the Borough
shall prescribe from time to time to keep the site in a safe condition.
3.
The grading certificate of completion shall be revoked by the Administrator
if the conditions of the permit are not being observed, the work covered
by the permit is materially extended or altered without a permit to
do so, or conditions exist which prejudice the health, safety and
welfare of any person, persons or property. Before such revocation,
the Administrator shall first give written notice to the permit holder
and to the owner of the property involved, specifying the defect or
unsatisfactory condition involved, and advising that unless such defect
or unsatisfactory condition is remedied within a stated period of
time, the certificate shall be revoked.
4.
If the permit holder shall fail to correct such defect or unsatisfactory
condition within such stated period of time, the Borough may undertake
the necessary work, and the cost thereof shall be borne by the permit
holder and property owner and collected in any manner authorized by
law, including the imposition of a lien against the property.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 18]
1.
If the Administrator determines that any existing retaining wall,
excavation, embankment or fill constitutes a hazard, as defined in
this Chapter, or is otherwise in violation of this Chapter, the owner
of the property for which a grading permit has been issued, the permit
holder or other person or agency in control of said property, upon
receipt of notice, in writing, from the Administrator, shall, within
the time specified in such notice, repair, reconstruct or remove such
retaining wall, excavation, embankment or fill so as to eliminate
the hazard.
2.
If the owner of the property and permit holder shall fail to correct
such hazardous or other condition within the specified time period,
the Borough may undertake the necessary work, and the costs thereof
shall be borne by the permit holder and property owner and collected
in any manner authorized by law, including an imposition of a lien
against the property.
3.
Any grading not completed within 365 days from the start of grading
shall constitute a nuisance and a hazard. The permit holder and property
owner shall restore, repair, reconstruct or remove such excavation,
embankment or fill as directed by the Administrator within 30 days
of receipt of said written notice.
4.
If the permit holder or property owner shall fail to restore, repair,
reconstruct or remove such excavations, embankment of fill within
the specified time period, the Borough may undertake the necessary
work, and the costs thereof shall be borne by the permit holder and
property owner and collected in any manner authorized by law, including
an imposition of a lien against the property.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 19]
1.
The following working conditions shall apply to all grading sites:
A.
Dust Control. During grading operations, acceptable measures for
dust control shall be exercised such as the use of calcium chloride
or water.
B.
Protection of Public Facilities. All public utilities and Borough
facilities shall be protected in the design and completion of grading
operations. Construction equipment shall not be operated on public
roads without the placement of protective mats. Aggregate driveway
or roadway surfaces shall be provided to prevent tracking of dirt
and mud onto the public roadways.
C.
Cleanup. All soil washed or carried onto public streets during grading
operations shall be cleaned up as it accumulates. The owner of the
property being graded shall also be responsible to protect and clean
up lower properties of silt and debris that have washed down into
the lower properties as a result of the grading work on higher property.
D.
Workdays. None of the work or activity covered by a grading permit
shall be conducted on a Sunday or legal holidays without the written
approval from the Administrator.
E.
Work Hours. All of the work and activity covered by a grading permit
shall be conducted between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m., prevailing
time, unless these time limits are extended, excused or otherwise
modified in writing by the Administrator.
[Ord. 436, 5/13/2008, § 20]
Grading equipment shall not cross live streams, provisions shall
be made for the installation of culverts or bridges for such crossings.
Permits shall be obtained from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Protection for the temporary and permanent encroachments, relocations,
enclosures and temporary crossings of streams.
