A.
General. The center line of the traveled portion of the road shall be placed in the center of the right-of-way, and shall be located in the field by a state-licensed land surveyor. Suitable construction ties shall be established at all control points, which shall be protected during construction so that the center line may be re-established at any time. See § 187-13C(1).
B.
Stations. Stations shall be established every 50 feet and at all
radius points (P.C. and P.T.'s). The beginning of this line shall
be located in the gutter line of the intersected road and shall be
designated as Stations 10+0. A construction stake shall be placed
at right angles to each station, clear of construction and grading.
This stake will show the station on the side facing toward Station
10+0, the measured distance to center line (offset) on the side facing
away from Station 10+0, and on the face nearest to center line the
cut or fill which will establish the center line grade. A grade list
showing the stations, stake elevations, offset from center line grade,
cuts and fills shall be provided to the Town's Construction Inspector
by the applicant, or his designee who is to have charge of the construction
layout, before construction begins.
C.
Benchmarks. A permanent benchmark shall be established at the beginning
and end of each road and at intervals not exceeding 500 feet along
the length of the road. These benchmarks shall be referenced to the
same datum shown and identified on the construction drawings for the
road. Sketches showing at least three ties to each benchmark, the
benchmark elevation and a description of each benchmark shall be provided
to the Town's Construction Inspector.
D.
Protection of stakes and benchmarks. Grade stakes and permanent benchmarks
shall be protected and preserved until the road construction has been
approved by the Board of Selectmen or the Town Engineer. If such stakes
or benchmarks are disturbed, they shall be replaced immediately.
A.
Clearing. All trees, brush, boulders, structures, walls, fences, perishable matter and debris of whatever nature shall be cleared from the full width of the right-of-way, including areas necessary for cuts and fills, construction of storm drainage systems, and required sight lines, except that valuable shade trees may remain in shoulder areas as provided for in Subsection C.
B.
Grubbing. All roots, stumps and brush within the clearing limits specified in Subsection A above shall be grubbed and excavated. All stumps shall be chipped, or disposed of off site in a lawful manner. No stumps shall be buried on site.
C.
Trees. Valuable shade trees may be permitted by the Commission to remain in shoulder areas as provided for in § 187-28F, but not within three feet of any curbline, if no substantial increase in the risk of injury or damage results by reason of a tree's presence in the particular place where it stands, and a written opinion is provided from a qualified arborist stating that the long-term health of the tree will not be adversely impacted by proposed construction or proximity to proposed road improvements. Any such tree shall be effectively protected and preserved so as to insure that it will suffer no damage during construction operations. All tree branches overhanging the roadway pavement or shoulder areas shall be trimmed by a qualified arborist to a clearance of 16 feet above the finished grade of the road.
D.
Topsoil. Topsoil shall be stripped from all surfaces of the roadway
section which will be disturbed by cut or fill operations. Topsoil
so stripped shall be stockpiled on the site of the work and shall
be reserved for roadway landscaping.
A.
General. The excavation, filling, compaction, and the disposal of
all surplus or unsuitable materials required to construct the roadbed,
subgrade, shoulders, slopes and other associated improvements shall
be accomplished in accordance with all applicable requirements of
the State Standard Specifications for Roadway Excavation, Formation
of Embankment and Disposal of Surplus Material, except as modified
herein.
B.
Unsuitable material. All unsuitable material, including material
removed during clearing and grubbing and preparation of subgrade,
shall be removed from within the limits of the right-of-way and disposed
of in a lawful manner.
C.
Surplus material. When approved by the Board of Selectmen or the
Town Engineer, surplus suitable material should be used to flatten
fill slopes within the limits of the right-of-way and any slope easements
so as to preclude the need for guide rails. Surplus suitable materials
that cannot be so utilized shall be disposed of in a lawful manner.
D.
Blasting. Blasting shall be performed only by licensed competent
personnel and shall be done in accordance with all applicable state
and federal laws, local ordinances, rules and regulations pertaining
thereto, and only after obtaining all necessary permits.
A.
General. All topsoil, peat, other organic matter and all soft and
yielding material shall be stripped and removed to their full depth,
and boulders and ledge rock removed to a depth of at least 12 inches
below finished subgrade. The surface shall then be backfilled up to
subgrade elevation with bank or crushed gravel conforming to the requirements
of the State Standard Specification Sections M.02.1 and M.02.06 (Grading
B). All construction methods shall conform to the requirements of
the State Standard Specifications for Subgrade.
A.
General. After the subgrade has been compacted, proof rolled and
approved by the Town's Construction Inspector, a rolled granular
base shall be applied for the full required width of pavement plus
one foot beyond each curbline. The rolled granular base shall not
be less than eight inches thick after compaction and shall have the
cross slope shown on the Standard Detail Drawings.
B.
Materials and methods. Construction methods shall conform to the
requirements of the State Standard Specifications for Rolled Granular
Base, and materials shall conform to the requirements of the State
Standard Specification Sections M.02.03 and M.02.06 (Grading A).
A.
General. After the rolled granular base has been placed and compacted,
processed aggregate base shall be applied for the full required width
of pavement plus one foot beyond each curbline. The process aggregate
base shall not be less than four inches thick after compaction and
shall have the cross slope shown on the Standard Detail Drawings.
B.
Materials and methods. Construction methods shall conform to the
requirements of the State Standard Specifications for Processed Aggregate
Base, and materials shall conform to the requirements of the State
Standard Specification Section M.05.01.
A.
General. After the processed aggregate base has been brought to the
required grade and cross slope, rolled, and compacted, the roadway
shall be surfaced with bituminous concrete Class I binder course for
the full required width of pavement plus one foot beyond each curbline
to a compacted depth of not less than 2 1/2 inches. After placement
of bituminous concrete curbing on the binder course, a bituminous
concrete Class II top or surface course not less than 1/1/2 inches
thick after compaction shall be placed. The total compacted depth
of Class I binder course and Class II top or surface course shall
not be less than four inches. Prior to the pavement of the Class II
surface course, the surface of the binder course shall be broomed
clean and a tack coat applied. No paving shall be permitted between
October 31 and April 1 unless the Board of Selectmen or the Town Engineer
specifically permits an exception due to unusually mild weather conditions.
No paving shall be permitted on any day where both the base and surface
temperature is less than 40° F. or when weather conditions of
fog or rain prevail or when the pavement surface shows any signs of
moisture. Pavement shall be placed so that each course shall have
the cross slope shown on the Standard Detail Drawings.
B.
Materials and methods. All materials and construction methods shall
conform to the requirements of the State Standard Specifications for
Bituminous Concrete, except as modified herein. Bituminous concrete
shall conform to the requirements of the State Standard Specifications
Sections M.04.01 and M.04.03 (Class I for the binder course and Class
II for the top or surface course).
C.
Source. All bituminous concrete pavement material shall be obtained from a plant certified by the State Department of Transportation for provision of such materials for use in state highway construction. Original signed copies of certification by the supplier that each load of bituminous concrete pavement materials incorporated in the work conforms to the requirements specified in Subsection A shall be submitted to the Board of Selectmen or its designee.
A.
General. Machine-laid bituminous concrete curbing, as shown on the
Standard Detail Drawings, shall be placed on both sides of the pavement
along the entire length of new and improved roads at the offset from
the center line of the road shown on the Standard Detail Drawings.
Bituminous concrete curbing shall not be required on existing Town
roads where it is determined by the Board of Selectmen or the Town
Engineer that the installation of enclosed storm drainage systems
is not warranted. Wavy or damaged curbing shall not be accepted, and
the Town's Construction Inspector shall require that improperly
placed curbing be removed and replaced.
B.
Materials and methods. All materials and construction methods shall
conform to the requirements of the State Standard Specifications for
Bituminous Concrete Lip Curbing." Curbing shall be placed on the road
binder course at a height which will maintain a six-inch curb reveal
after placement of the road surface course. Prior to the placement
of any curbing, the surface of the pavement shall be cleaned of all
loose and foreign material. The surface of the pavement, which shall
be dry at the time the curbing is placed, shall be coated with an
approved tack coat. All curbing shall conform to the shape shown in
the Standard Detail Drawings for Cape Cod (modified curb) or Bituminous
Concrete Lip Curb, as applicable.
A.
General. Guide railing shall be installed as shown in the Standard
Detail Drawings. The type of guide rail to be utilized shall be as
follows:
(1)
Three-cable guide rail with steel posts may be used on all new roadways,
provided that a minimum clear zone of 11.5 feet is maintained behind
the guide rail so as to accommodate the maximum deflection distance.
The use of alternate types of guide rail may be required by the Board
of Selectmen or Commission where insufficient clear zone or other
conditions warrant.
(2)
Where there is insufficient clear zone as required in Subsection A(1) above, or where otherwise required by the Board of Selectmen or Commission, as applicable, type R-B 350 metal beam rail (weathering steel) shall be used. In no case shall a galvanized steel metal beam rail be permitted.
(3)
Steel-backed timber guide rail may be required in areas of aesthetic
or historical significance as determined by the Board of Selectmen
or Commission, as applicable. Under no circumstances shall ornamental
wood rails be permitted within a Town road right-of-way.
B.
End anchorage. Regardless of the type of guide rail to be used, all
leading and trailing ends shall be secured with concrete end anchors.
Blunt or flared ends shall not be permitted.
C.
Materials and methods. For three-cable guide rail and end anchorages,
construction methods shall conform to the requirements of the State
Standard Specifications for Three Cable Guide Railing (I-Beam Posts)
and Anchorages, and materials shall conform to the requirements of
the State Standard Specification Sections M.10.08 for wire rope, steel
posts and plate anchors, fittings and anchorages, and M.18.09 for
reflective delineators. For R-B 350 metal beam rail, construction
methods shall conform to the requirements of the State Standard Specifications
for Metal Beam Rail (weathering steel), and materials shall conform
to the requirements of the State Standard Specifications Section M.10.02
for steel posts, welded-soil plates, brackets, backup rails, channel
rubrails, rail elements and terminal sections. Posts, rail elements
and terminal sections shall utilize weathering steel. Materials used
for metal beam rail delineators shall conform to the requirements
of the State Standard Specifications Sections M.18.09-02 for bright
wide angle retroflective sheeting and M.18.13 for sign face sheet
aluminum. For end anchorages, construction methods shall conform to
the requirements of the State Standard Specifications for Metal Beam
Rail Anchorages, and materials shall conform to the State Standard
Specifications Section M.10.02-7 for end anchorages, and M.03.01-12
for non-shrink, non-staining grout.
A.
General. Fencing shall be a minimum of four feet in height and shall
be installed as shown in the Standard Detail Drawings.
B.
Materials and methods. Steel fabric, posts, and all hardware shall
be PVC-coated, with all materials appropriately covered as determined
by the Board of Selectmen or Commission. All construction methods
shall conform to the requirements of the State Standard Specifications
for Chain Link Fence, with the exception that top tension wires shall
be provided in lieu of top rails.
A.
General. Monuments shall be in accordance with "Standards for Surveys
and Maps in the State of Connecticut," latest revision, as prepared
by the Connecticut Association of Land Surveyors, Inc. Reinforced
concrete monuments shall be placed at P.C., P.T. and radii locations
along the road right-of-way. Under no circumstances shall monuments
be buried beneath the ground surface or covered with landscape or
other materials such that they are not visible.
A.
General. Except for road signs, which shall conform to the Standard
Detail Drawings, the design and placement of signs, pavement markings,
and object markers shall conform to the most current edition of the
Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices.
B.
Materials and methods: signs. Construction methods for road signs
shall conform to the requirements of the State Standard Specifications
for Sign Face — Extruded Aluminum (Type III Reflective Sheeting),
with all other signs conforming to the requirements for Sign Face
— Sheet Aluminum. Materials for road signs shall conform to
the State Standard Specifications Sections M.18.09 and M.18.10 for
Type III reflective sheeting. Road signs shall have a six-inch white
legend on green background as shown in the Standard Detail Drawings.
Materials for all other signs shall conform to the requirements of
the State Standard Specification Sections M.18.09.01 for Type III
reflective sheeting and M.18.13 for sign face - sheet aluminum. Construction
methods shall conform to the requirements of the State Standard Specifications
for Sign-Face - Sheet Aluminum. Materials for metal sign posts and
sign mounting bolts shall conform to the requirements of the State
Standard Specification Sections M.18.14 and M.18.15, respectively.
Posts shall be galvanized U-channel with a weight of two pounds per
foot.
C.
Materials and methods: pavement markings. Construction methods shall
conform to the requirements of the State Standard Specifications for
Painted Pavement Markings, and materials shall conform to the requirements
of the State Standard Specification Section M.07.20 for fifteen-minute
dry paint.
D.
Materials and methods: object markers. Construction methods shall
conform to the requirements of the State Standard Specifications for
Object Marker. Materials shall conform to the requirements of the
State Standard Specification Sections M.18.13 for sheet aluminum,
M.18.09 for reflective sheeting, M.18.14 for metal signposts, and
M.18.15 for sign mounting bolts. Posts shall be galvanized U-Channel
with a weight of two pounds per foot.
A.
General. Sidewalks shall be located as shown on the Standard Detail
Drawings, and shall be constructed of 3,000 psi portland cement concrete,
with an air entraining admixture. Sidewalks shall be a minimum of
five feet in width. Sidewalks shall be concrete unless an alternate
durable surface such as asphalt, brick pavers, concrete pavers or
other is approved or required by the Board of Selectmen or Commission.
B.
Materials and methods. All materials and construction methods shall
conform to the requirements of the State Standard Specifications for
Concrete Sidewalks, except that a one-fourth-inch premolded bituminous
joint, set one-fourth of an inch below the finished surface of the
walk and extending the full width and depth of the walk, shall be
provided at sixteen-foot intervals, and dummy joints placed at four-foot
intervals. Granular fill shall conform to the requirements of the
State Standard Specifications Sections M.02.01 and M.02.06 (Grading
A). Portland cement concrete shall conform to the requirements of
the State Standard Specifications Sections M.03.01 (Class C). Welded
wire fabric reinforcement shall be WWF 6x6 — W2.9xW2.9.
(1)
Concrete. All materials and construction methods shall conform to
the requirements of the State Standard Specifications for Concrete
Sidewalks, except that a one-fourth-inch premolded bituminous joint,
set one-fourth of an inch below the finished surface of the walk and
extending the full width and depth of the walk, shall be provided
at sixteen-foot intervals, and dummy joints placed at four-foot intervals.
Granular fill shall conform to the requirements of the State Standard
Specifications Sections M.02.01 and M.02.06 (Grading A). Portland
cement concrete shall conform to the requirements of the State Standard
Specifications Section M.03.01 (Class C). Welded wire fabric reinforcement
shall be WWF 6x6 — W2.9xW2.9. Refer to the Standard Detail Drawings.
(3)
Other: per manufacturer and design specifications.
C.
Handicap ramps: general. Handicap ramps shall be constructed to the
dimensions shown on the Standard Detail Drawings, modified as required
to conform with the most current state statutes and ADA Standards
for Accessible Design as published in the Code of Federal Regulations;
shall be located as shown on the approved design drawings; and shall
be constructed of 3,000 psi portland cement concrete, with an air
entraining admixture. Handicap ramps shall be five inches thick, and
shall be constructed on a granular fill base having a minimum compacted
thickness of eight inches. Detectable warnings consisting of truncated
cones that visually contrast with adjoining surfaces shall be provided
for the full width and depth of ramps.
D.
Handicap ramps: materials and methods. All materials and construction
methods shall conform to the requirements of the State Standard Specifications
for Concrete Ramps. Granular fill shall conform to the requirements
of the State Standard Specifications Sections M.02.01 and M.02.06
(Grading A). Portland cement concrete shall conform to the requirements
of the State Standard Specifications Section M.03.01 (Class A). Welded
wire fabric reinforcement shall be WWF 6x6 — W2.9xW2.9.