For the purposes of this article, the following terms shall
have the following meanings:
The travel lane that allows motor vehicles ingress from the
street and egress from the site.
A room or rooms in a building used to house electrical or
mechanical equipment necessary to provide central utility service
to the building, such as a boiler room.
Consists of stacking lanes and drive-up window to allow a
drive-through facility to provide such products or service(s).
An establishment that provides or dispenses products or services,
through an attendant or an automated machine, to persons remaining
in vehicles that are in designated stacking lanes. A drive-through
may be in combination with other uses, such as a bank, personal service
shop, retail store, eating establishment or gas station.
A travel lane located within the perimeter of a parking lot
which is not used to directly enter or leave parking spaces. An interior
driveway shall not include any part of the access driveway.
A travel lane located within the perimeter of a parking lot
by which motor vehicles directly enter and leave parking spaces.
The total of all floor areas of a building, not including
storage areas, stairways, elevator wells, rest rooms, common hallways
and building service areas.
The longitudinal dimension of the stall measured parallel
to the angle of parking.
An on-site queuing or pass-through lane for motorized vehicles
that is separated from other vehicular traffic and pedestrian circulation
by barriers, markings, or signage.
The linear dimensions measured across the stall and parallel
to the maneuvering aisle.
Except as otherwise provided in this article, no building or
structure shall be located upon any lot and no activity shall be conducted
upon any lot unless the required parking facilities are provided on
site in accordance with this article.
A.
Change of use. For all zoning districts, except COM1, a change in
use where the existing use (or in the case of a vacancy, the next
previous use) did not provide for the number of on-site parking spaces
required by this chapter, then the proposed use shall only have to
provide an additional number of parking spaces equal to the increase,
if any, between the number required under this chapter for the existing
use and the number required for the proposed use.
B.
Commercial 1 Districts.
(1)
For COM1 Districts, no additional parking is required for the
following:
(a)
A change in use or rearrangement of uses in an existing building
that does not increase the total floor area within the building.
(b)
The replacement of an amount of floor area equal to that in
existence at the time of enactment of this amendment to this chapter.
(c)
The addition of a second story to one-story buildings.
(d)
Federal, state or municipal uses.
(2)
Having applied Subsection B(1)(a), (b), (c) and (d) immediately above, an increase in total floor area that results in a net increase in the number of required parking spaces may be accommodated off site when adequate municipal parking facilities are available to serve the land use. Adequacy of municipal parking facilities shall be determined via the site plan review application and review procedures, § 675-1010, Site plan review, of this chapter. A major entrance of the land use should be within 500 feet of the municipal parking facility. Shared parking opportunities should be recognized where the same parking space can be utilized by two or more different land uses due to differences in principal hours for the uses involved.
C.
Residential uses.
(1)
Each parking area may have one access driveway which shall be
a maximum of 24 feet wide.
(2)
Each parking area may have one additional access driveway for
each 200 feet of frontage, provided that all such access driveways
shall be at least 200 feet apart on the parking area measured from
the center line of each access driveway.
(3)
No parking space or other paved surface, other than an access
driveway(s) shall be located within five feet of any lot line.
Where the use of a building or buildings has not been determined
at the time of application for a building permit or special permit,
the plan shall demonstrate that the parking requirements applicable
to the most intensive use allowed in the district where such undetermined
use is to be located can be provided, however, that the number of
parking spaces actually built need not exceed the number required
by the actual use or uses of the building.
In the following instances, relief from parking regulations
may be granted:
A.
By special permit from the Zoning Board of Appeals, pursuant to § 675-1170, Special permits:
(1)
In the case of a change from a nonconforming use to a conforming
use, that the benefits of a change to a conforming use outweigh the
lack of parking spaces; or
(2)
In the case of a change from one conforming use to another conforming
use, that the lack of parking spaces will not create undue congestion
or traffic hazards on or off the site.
B.
By the Planning Board pursuant to § 675-1010, Site plan review, or where it is acting as the special permit granting authority pursuant to § 675-1170, Special permits, where it determines the grant of a waiver would not be detrimental to the functioning of the site and would not create undue congestion of traffic hazards on or off the site.
A.
Comparable use requirements. Where a use is not specifically included
in the schedule of parking uses, it is intended that the regulations
for the most nearly comparable use specified shall apply.
B.
Schedule of parking uses.
|
Principal Use
|
Parking Spaces Required
|
|---|---|
|
Dwelling
|
1 per dwelling unit with 1 or fewer bedrooms; 2 per dwelling
unit with 2 or more bedrooms
|
|
Home occupation
|
1 per nonresident employee
|
|
Motel or hotel
|
1 per room plus 1 per 400 square feet of public meeting area
and restaurant space
|
|
Bed-and-breakfast
|
2 spaces, plus 1 per guest unit
|
|
Assisted living; nursing home; group/rest home; rooming house
|
1 per 2 beds
|
|
Educational/schools
| |
|
Nursery/child care
|
3 per 1,000 gross square feet
|
|
Elementary/middle/junior
|
1.2 per employee
|
|
High school
|
0.25 per student
|
|
College and university
|
1.2 per 1,000 gross square feet
|
|
Hospital
|
3 per patient bed
|
|
Convenience retail
|
2 per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area
|
|
Retail store
|
1 per 200 square feet of net floor area for store with gross
floor area up to 5,000 square feet of net floor area and 1 per 250
per 1,000 square feet of net floor area greater than 5,000 of net
floor area
|
|
Bank
|
1 per 200 square feet of net floor area
|
|
Business or professional office and personal service establishment
|
1 per 300 square feet of net floor area
|
|
Libraries, museums and art galleries
|
2.5 per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area
|
|
Medical or dental office
|
4.2 per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area
|
|
Restaurant
|
1 per 4 seats
|
|
Fast-food restaurant
|
1 per 70 square feet of net floor area
|
|
Religious; club or lodge; civic center or other place of assembly
|
1 per 75 square feet of assembly area or 1 per 4 seats, whichever
is greater
|
|
Motor vehicle general and body repair
|
1 per each service bay plus 1 per employee
|
|
Motor vehicle light service
|
2 per service bay plus 1 per employee
|
|
Mixed use
|
Sum of various uses computed separately
|
|
Public transit station
|
1 per 250 square feet devoted to office and public uses plus
sum of other uses computed separately
|
|
Transportation terminal
|
1 per 250 square feet devoted to office use plus 1 per company
vehicle operating from premises
|
|
Veterinary clinic/kennel, commercial
|
2 per 1,000 square feet plus 1 per employee
|
|
Industrial/manufacturing
|
1 per 2,000 square feet of net floor area for the first 20,000
square feet, plus 1 per each additional 10,000 square feet
|
C.
Loading areas. One or more off-street loading areas shall be provided
for any business that may be regularly serviced by tractor-trailer
trucks and other similar delivery vehicles, so that adequate areas
shall be provided to accommodate all delivery vehicles expected at
the premises at any one time. Loading areas shall be located at either
the side or rear of each building and shall be designed to avoid conflicts
with vehicles and pedestrians using the site or vehicles and pedestrians
using adjacent sites.
Off-street parking facilities shall be laid out and striped
in compliance with the following minimum provisions:
|
Angle of Parking
|
Width of Parking Stall
(feet)
|
Parking Stall Length of Line
(feet)
|
Width of Maneuvering Aisle
(feet)
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
90° (2-way)
|
9.0
|
18
|
24
|
|
60° (1-way)
|
10.4
|
22
|
18
|
|
45° (1-way)
|
12.7
|
25
|
14
|
|
Parallel (1-way)
|
8.0
|
22
|
14
|
|
Parallel (2-way)
|
8.0
|
22
|
18
|
A.
Parking location and layout.
(1)
To the extent feasible, parking areas shall not be located to
the forward of any building front line on the lot.
 |
(a)
Notwithstanding the above, the Planning Board may grant permission
during site plan review to locate not more than eight parking spaces
in front of the principal building, where such location promotes a
better site layout. As condition of such permission, the Board may
require that provisions be made for a common access way linking the
property with existing or future adjacent uses.
(2)
Required parking spaces, loading areas and driveways shall be
provided and maintained with suitable grading, paved surfaces and
adequate drainage. No parking space or other paved surface, other
than an access driveway(s) or walkway(s), shall be located within
10 feet of any lot line, and notwithstanding the foregoing, no parking
space or other paved surface other than an access driveway(s) or walkway(s)
shall be located within the limits of a landscaped buffer area.
(3)
Each parking area may have one access driveway which shall be
at least 24 feet wide at its narrowest point but not more than 36
feet wide at its widest point. Each parking area may have one additional
access driveway for each 200 feet of frontage, provided that all such
access driveways shall be at least 200 feet apart on the parking area
measured from the center line of each access driveway. In the case
of an access driveway which shall be used for one-way traffic only,
the minimum width may be reduced to 14 feet at its narrowest point.
(4)
Interior driveways, other than maneuvering aisles, shall be
at least 20 feet wide for two-way traffic and 14 feet for one-way
traffic.
(5)
Adequate provisions for snow removal and/or snow storage must
be made and indicated on site plans. Landscaped areas may not be used
for snow storage.
B.
Lighting and landscaping requirements. All surface parking areas
containing more than eight spaces shall be laid out and enhanced by
landscaping in accordance with the following standards:
(1)
Parking areas, loading areas, storage areas, refuse storage
and disposal areas, and service areas shall be screened from view,
to the extent feasible, from all public ways and from adjacent properties,
using planted buffers, berms, natural contours, fences or a combination
of the above.
(2)
Parking areas shall contain 150 square feet of planted areas
per 1,000 square feet of parking proposed, appropriately situated
throughout the parking area to break up large expanses of pavement.
(3)
Screening.
(a)
Parking areas shall be screened along their perimeters from
adjacent streets and properties using a combination of the following:
[1]
A buffer strip of at least 10 feet in width of densely planted
shrubs or trees which are at least 2.5 feet high at the time of planting
and are of a type that may be expected to form a year-round screen;
parking areas containing more than 25 spaces shall require a planted
buffer strip of 20 feet in width.
[2]
A wall, barrier, or fence of uniform appearance. There shall
be a landscaped strip with a minimum width of three feet between the
base of the wall, barrier, or fence and any street or abutting property.
The wall, barrier, or fence is recommended to be three feet in height
and shall not be more than six feet in height.
[3]
A landscaped earth berm at least three feet in height and 18
feet in width.
[4]
The screening as required herein shall be located so as not
to conflict with any corner visibility requirements or any other City
ordinances. Such screening may be interrupted by entrances or exits.
(4)
All artificial lighting shall be not more than 11 feet in height
in pedestrian areas, and 20 feet in parking areas, and shall be arranged
and shielded to prevent direct glare from the light source onto any
public way or any other property. All parking areas which are used
at night shall be lighted as evenly and fully as possible. The Planning
Board shall require that the applicant provide the type, energy efficiency,
and intensity (lumens) of all proposed and replacement lighting for
the parking areas.
C.
Structured parking design guidelines. Placement of off-street parking
spaces in structures is encouraged to limit impervious surfaces, promote
efficient use of land, and enhance streetscapes. Parking structures
are subject to the following performance standards:
(1)
Parking structures shall be no more than 40 feet in height.
The height and mass of the structure should be consistent with the
urban design fabric within which the structure is to be located.
(2)
The exterior facade should maintain a horizontal line throughout.
The sloping nature of the interior structure, necessary in the design
of parking structures, should not be repeated on the exterior facade.
(3)
Facades that face public rights-of-way should incorporate a
repeating pattern that includes color change, texture change and material
change, each of which should be integral parts of the structure, not
superficially applied trim, graphics, or paint. In addition, vertical
elements should be incorporated into the exterior facade design to
create a repeating pattern. This can be accomplished using reveals,
projecting ribs, or offsets. All such elements should repeat at intervals
of no more than 30 feet.
(4)
A wall or other screening of sufficient height to screen parked
vehicles and which exhibits a visually pleasing character should be
provided. In commercial districts with an existing or planned urban
design fabric, ground-level retail use is encouraged to enhance the
streetscape. Where retail is not practical, other amenities, such
as an art wall, are encouraged as means of enhancing the streetscape.
The ground level of the structure should never consist of a featureless
length of a wall.
(5)
Pedestrian entrances should be well defined and attractive.
(6)
Areas of vehicular entry should be located on the side or the
rear of the structure wherever possible to attract less attention.
The presence and appearance of garage entrances should be minimized
so that they do not dominate the street frontage.
(7)
Building should take advantage of site topography to minimize
the vehicular entry where possible.
(8)
Interior and exterior lighting shall be arranged to ensure public
safety and shielded to prevent direct glare onto any public way or
any other property. The Planning Board shall require the applicant
to provide the type and intensity (lumens) of all proposed lighting
for the parking structure.
D.
Drive-through performance and design standards.
(1)
Purpose. The purpose of this section is to protect the health,
safety, welfare and convenience of residents, minimize traffic congestion,
and maintain the architectural integrity of the surrounding area by
requiring performance standards for the construction and operation
of drive-through facilities.
(2)
Administration.
(a)
Drive-through facilities may be allowed by special permit from the Gardner Planning Board in the Commercial 1, Commercial 2, and in some cases Industrial 1 Zoning Districts, provided the facility meets the requirements of this Article VII and the dimensional requirements for the underlying zoning. The Planning Board shall follow the procedural requirements for special permits as set forth in MGL c. 40A, § 9, and Article XI, § 675-1170, of the City of Gardner Zoning Code.
(b)
No special permit for any drive-through facilities shall be issued without site plan approval first having been obtained from the Planning Board, § 675-1010, Site plan review, of the Zoning Code. In addition to the standard set forth within, the site plan must meet all dimensional, parking, landscaping, and signage requirements within the City of Gardner Zoning Code.
(3)
Performance and design standards. Drive-through facilities shall
comply with the performance and design standards set forth in this
section. The Planning Board may impose additional conditions or alter
performance and design standards if it finds that a substantially
better design will result from such additional or alternate standards.
In so doing, the Planning Board shall consider how such additions
or alterations will impact public safety, character of the neighborhood,
and the environment.
(a)
Traffic impact study (TIS). The Planning Board shall require
that a traffic impact study (TIS) be prepared by a registered professional
engineer who is a member of the Institute of Transportation Engineers
(ITE). The purpose of a TIS is to document existing traffic conditions
in the vicinity of the proposed drive-through facility, to describe
the volume and effect of projected traffic generated by the proposed
project, and to identify measures to mitigate any adverse impacts
on traffic, as stated in the following:
[1]
Existing traffic conditions: average daily and peak-hour volumes,
average and peak speeds, sight distances, appropriate and pertinent
accident data, levels of service of intersections and streets likely
to be affected by the proposed project. Generally, such data shall
be presented for all streets and intersections adjacent to or within
500 feet of the project's boundaries. The data will be no more than
24 months old upon submittal unless other data is specifically approved
by the Planning Board.
[2]
Projected impact of proposed project: projected peak-hour and
daily traffic generated by the drive-through on roads and ways in
the vicinity; sight lines at the intersections of the proposed driveways
and streets; existing and proposed traffic controls in the vicinity;
projected postdevelopment traffic volumes and levels of service of
intersections and streets likely to be affected by proposed project.
(b)
Site development plan.
[1]
The site development plan, prepared by a registered professional civil engineer and registered land surveyor, shall comply with the development plan requirements identified in § 675-1010 of the City of Gardner Zoning Code and shall accompany the site plan review and special permit applications.
[2]
The proposed site development plan shall incorporate recommendations
of the traffic impact study. The following guidelines shall be used
to evaluate compliance with the standards herein:
[a]
Requires a minimum of two stacking lanes: one lane
to be used for product or service delivery and one, at a minimum,
to be used as an outlet for traffic flow and public safety vehicle
access. No matter how many stacking lanes are used for product or
service delivery, a minimum of one stacking lane shall be included
in the design as an outlet for traffic flow and public safety vehicle
access.
[b]
Entrances to stacking lane(s) shall be clearly
marked and shall be a minimum of 40 feet from the intersection with
the public street. The distance shall be measured from the property
line along the street to the beginning of the entrance.
[c]
Each stacking lane shall be 10 feet in width along
all portions of the lane(s).
[i]
Fast-food restaurants shall have a minimum of 10
spaces for stacking cars accessing the ordering window or speaker.
If pickup/payment windows are provided separately, the stacking distance
between windows and/or speaker(s) shall be a minimum of two stacking
spaces.
[ii]
Banks, service and retail establishments shall
have a minimum of five stacking spaces for cars accessing a drive-through
window or speaker.
[d]
Stacking lanes shall be delineated from traffic
aisles, other stacking lanes and parking areas with striping, curbing,
landscaping and the use of alternative paving materials or raised
medians.
[e]
Stacking lanes shall be designed to prevent congestion,
both on site and on adjacent streets. Stacking lane layout:
[i]
Shall be integrated with the on-site circulation
pattern;
[ii]
Shall minimize conflicts between pedestrian and
vehicular traffic by providing physical and visual separation between
the two;
[iii]
Shall be located at the side or rear of buildings;
[iv]
Shall provide an emergency bypass or exit;
[v]
Shall not impede or impair access into or out of
parking spaces;
[vi]
Shall not impede or impair vehicular or pedestrian
traffic movement;
[vii]
Shall not interfere with required loading and
trash storage areas;
[viii]
Shall not enter or exit directly into a public
right-of-way.
[f]
Locate buildings with drive-through along the front
lot line closest to the street edge whenever possible.
[g]
Layout of outdoor service equipment, menu signs
and speaker boards.
[i]
There shall be one sign permitted for each stacking
lane used for product or service delivery.
[ii]
Signs shall be a maximum of 40 square feet, with a maximum height of seven feet, and shall follow requirements of Article IX, Signs and Advertising Devices. P.O.S. signs placed on a menu sign shall not cause the menu sign to exceed these maximum standards.
[iii]
Menu signs and speaker boards shall be physically
shielded from any public street and residential properties by landscaping
or other means.
[iv]
Outdoor speakers shall be directed away from abutting
properties.
[h]
Trash receptacles should be placed strategically
within the drive-through layout to minimize litter on site.
[i]
Provide sufficient setbacks, buffer, and screening
from residential or other abutting properties, including sound- and
light-attenuating barriers when appropriate.
