[Ord. No. 97-177, 12/22/1997]
Any user who is found to have violated the provision, requirements,
or pretreatment standards of this Part, the rules and regulations
of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection or the
Environmental Protection Agency, an order, rule, regulation, or permit
of THTMA or New Stanton Borough, whether or not the violation is willful
or negligent, may be assessed a civil penalty in an amount not to
exceed $25,000 per day for each violation, regardless of jurisdictional
boundaries. Each violation for each separate day shall constitute
a separate and distinct offense. The Hempfield Township Municipal
Authority or New Stanton Borough may recover its costs for reestablishing
the operating of the POTW, in addition to any civil penalty imposed
hereunder. In addition, THTMA or New Stanton Borough may recover attorneys'
fees, all court costs, and all other expenses of litigation to the
extent permitted by law.
[Ord. No. 97-177, 12/22/1997]
1. Penalty Assessment; Economic Benefits of Compliance.
A. This section constitutes the Civil Penalty Assessment Policy required
by the Publicly Owned Treatment Works Penalty Law (herein "Penalty
Law") Act No. 9 of 1992, 35 P.S. § 752.1 et. seq. When making
determinations of the level of enforcement, New Stanton Borough and/or
THTMA shall take into consideration the following:
(1)
Damage to air, water, land, or other natural resources and their
uses;
(2)
Costs of restoration and abatement;
(3)
Savings to the user as a result of the violation;
(4)
History of past violations;
(5)
Deterrence of future violations; and
(6)
Other relevant factors as determined by New Stanton Borough
and/or THTMA.
B. A user must usually spend money to comply with pretreatment standards
and requirements. The user makes initial capital expenditures for
pretreatment, equipment or process changes and incurs subsequent operation,
maintenance, and repair costs annually. By delaying or avoiding these
costs, the user realizes an economic advantage or benefit over a competitor
which complied with pretreatment requirements in a timely manner.
Thus the "economic benefit" of noncompliance is defined as the difference
between the cost of on-time compliance and delayed compliance. Economic
benefits realized by the user which fails to comply by a required
deadline can be measured by:
(1)
The money that the user would expect to earn by delaying the
purchase of pretreatment equipment or implementation of process changes
and investing the money in more profitable projects.
(2)
The annual costs that the user avoids, and the expected return
on avoided costs, during the period of noncompliance.
(3)
Any competitive advantage the user may gain, such as increased
market share over competitors already in compliance, because of cost
advantages attributed to delayed compliance.
C. In this Part, the economic benefit calculation is focused on the
first two benefits. The Guidance Manual for POTWs to Calculate the
Economic Benefit of Noncompliance, United States Environmental Protection
Agency, September 5, 1990, may be applied in calculating the penalty.
D. Consideration of the gravity and length of a violation is important
when determining the penalty amount. Removing the economic benefit
or noncompliance only places the violating user in the position it
would have been had it complied on time. Both deterrence and fundamental
fairness require that the civil penalty include an additional amount
to ensure that noncompliance is more costly than compliance, and New
Stanton Borough and/or THTMA's policy will be to include such
an amount.
[Ord. No. 97-177, 12/22/1997]
1. Recovering for Damages to Public Facilities and/or Natural Resources.
A. Failure to comply with pretreatment standards and requirements may
cause damage to the collection system of New Stanton Borough or THTMA.
Damage may also be caused to the natural environment. Therefore, an
additional purpose of penalties in pretreatment enforcement shall
be to recover for such damages. Specifically, New Stanton Borough
or THTMA may determine to require that a violating user pay reparations
for any damages caused to the collection system by improper disposal
of pollutants. Such a user may also be required to pay for replacement
of equipment, facilities, and/or other damaged processes at the POTW
caused by pollutant interference.
B. Pollutants which pass through or interfere with POTW processes may
cause damage to natural systems in receiving waters. In addition to
assessing penalties to recover for such damages, New Stanton Borough
or THTMA may consider requiring mitigation and remediation programs.
C. New Stanton Borough and/or THTMA will consider assessing higher penalties
for violations resulting in actual or potential harm to the environment.
Such potential environmental harm occurs whenever a user discharges
a pollutant into the sewer system that:
(1)
Passes through the POTW inadequately treated and causes a violation
of the POTW's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permit (including water quality standards); or
(2)
Has a potentially toxic effect on the receiving waters (e.g.,
a fish kill).
2. Cost of Restoration and Abatement. Some violations may have negative
impacts on the POTW itself. For example, such violations may result
in significant increases in treatment costs; interference; harm POTW
personnel, equipment, processes, or operations; or cause sludge contamination,
resulting in increased disposal costs. When a user's noncompliance
harms the POTW, New Stanton Borough or THTMA will assess a larger
penalty.
3. Savings to the User as a Result of Violation. A user which fails
to comply with pretreatment standards and requirements in a timely
manner may accrue a significant economic benefit. A penalty assessed
against the violator will be fixed at a level to at least negate this
economic benefit and make it unprofitable for the user to ignore or
violate pretreatment requirements. These requirements include installation
of pretreatment equipment, one-time expenditures (e.g., land), and
operation and maintenance (O&M) or other annual costs. The economic
benefit calculation described in this Part will be applied to any
or all types of pollution control costs.
4. History of Past Violation.
A. New Stanton Borough or THTMA will consider each violation in assessing
the significance of user noncompliance. Violations of average effluent
limitations will be considered a violation for each day of the averaging
period. Therefore, a monthly average violation will be counted as
30 days of violation, and a weekly average violation as seven days
of violation, and a four-day average should be counted as four violations.
Violations of different parameters at the same discharge point or
outfall are counted separately, and violations at different discharge
points or outfalls or indirect discharges are counted separately.
The amount of the penalty will be increased as the number of violations
increases. However, as provided in the Penalty Law, a single operational
upset shall only be considered as one violation, even though it may
result in simultaneous violations of more than one pretreatment standard.
B. New Stanton Borough or THTMA shall consider increasing penalty amounts
for continuing, long-term violations. Generally, a long-term violation
is one that continues for three or more consecutive months. In additional,
penalties will be higher for violations that have continued for three
years than for violations that have only occurred for six months.
C. Significant noneffluent violations will be considered in assessing
penalties. Violations included in this category include failure to
report, late reporting, schedule violations, failure to implement
an approved pretreatment program, laboratory analysis deficiencies,
unauthorized discharge, operation and maintenance (O&M) deficiencies,
and sludge-handling violations.
D. New Stanton Borough or THTMA will consider increasing the penalty
amount when the violating user appears to be acting in bad faith (e.g.,
by not cooperating with New Stanton Borough or THTMA in effecting
a timely correction of the violation); when the user experiences unjustified
delays in preventing, correcting, or mitigating violation; when the
user has already violated prior administrative orders, compliance
agreements, or consent decrees; or when the user fails to provide
timely and full information. This recalcitrance factor also may be
increased during negotiation if the user continues to resist efforts
to settle.
E. When a user demonstrates that it is unable to pay a settlement penalty,
New Stanton Borough or THTMA will independently evaluate the user's
ability to pay. When it is determined that the user cannot afford
to pay the penalty or that payment of all or part of the penalty will
preclude the violator from achieving compliance, New Stanton Borough
or THTMA may consider other options. For example, New Stanton Borough
or THTMA may consider an installment payment plan with the user paying
interest. Only as a last recourse, New Stanton Borough or THTMA may
consider reducing the penalty amount. If the user's behavior
has been exceptionally culpable, recalcitrant, or threatening to human
health and the environment, inability to pay will be disregarded.
5. Deterrence of Future Violations.
A. A user shall install the appropriate pollution-control equipment
to comply with applicable pretreatment regulations, maintaining compliance
required, continuing O&M and other annual expenditures. For users
which fail to comply with pretreatment requirements, New Stanton Borough
or THTMA will set its penalties at a level to remove, at a minimum,
the economic benefit from avoided annual costs during its period of
violations. New Stanton Borough or THTMA hereby determines that assessing
a penalty which, at a minimum, eliminates the economic benefit of
noncompliance (or makes noncompliance more expensive than compliance)
will encourage users to remain in compliance.
B. The intent of these penalties is to deter noncompliance so that pollutant
discharges by a user do not have significant negative impacts on the
POTW, collection system, or receiving waters. New Stanton Borough
or THTMA's policy will be not to assess a penalty that is too
small (e.g., less than the economic benefit of noncomplying), so that
the violating user and other users may determine that noncompliance
is more expensive than compliance.
C. The EPA or DEP can take enforcement action against a user violating
the Clean Water Act, including federal pretreatment standards and regulations.
Citizens or citizen groups can also bring civil suits against a user
for violating environmental regulations. If the violating user has
been sued by the EPA, state regulatory agency, or citizens or citizen
groups, and penalties were imposed upon the user from these actions,
New Stanton Borough or THTMA may consider reducing the penalty by
an amount equal to that which the user already paid for the same violation.
[Ord. No. 97-177, 12/22/1997]
1. In order to treat all users fairly and equitably, New Stanton Borough
or THTMA will use its best efforts to assess penalties using a consistent
methodology. Thus, it will avoid allowing one user to realize an economic
benefit from noncompliance which would potentially enable it to gain
an economic advantage over the complying users. By assessing a penalty
based on economic benefit, New Stanton Borough or THTMA will strive
to eliminate or remove any financial advantage the violator gains.
2. By exercising a consistent penalty methodology, New Stanton Borough
or THTMA ensures that all violators are treated equitably. While the
amount of the penalty may vary from case to case, the methods used
to develop the penalty will be consistent.
[Ord. No. 97-177, 12/22/1997]
1. New Stanton Borough or THTMA will take into account the policies
of EPA in setting penalties. EPA defines "significant noncompliance,"
in its revisions to the General Pretreatment Regulations [40 CFR 403.8(f)(2)(vii)]
as violations which meet one or more of the following criteria:
A. Chronic violations of wastewater discharge limits, defined here as
those in which 66% or more of all the measurements taken during a
six-month period exceed (by any magnitude) the daily maximum limit
or the average limit for the same pollutant parameter;
B. Technical review criteria (TRC) violations, defined here as those
in which 33% or more of all of the measurements for each pollutant
parameter taken during a six-month period exceed the daily maximum
limit or the same limit by more than the TRC value in a six-month
period (TRC = 1.4 for BOD, TSS, fats, oil and grease, and 1.2 for
all other pollutants except pH);
C. Any other violation of a pretreatment effluent limit (daily maximum
or longer-term average) that New Stanton Borough or THTMA determines
has caused, alone or in combination with other dischargers, interferences
or pass-through (including endangering the health of POTW personnel
or the general public);
D. Any discharge of a pollutant that has caused imminent endangerment
to human health, welfare, or to the environment or has resulted in
the POTW's exercise of its emergency authority under 40 CFR 403.8(f)(1)(vi)(B)
to halt or prevent such a discharge;
E. Failure to meet, within 90 days after the scheduled date, a compliance
schedule milestone contained in a local control mechanism or enforcement
order for starting construction, completing construction, or attaining
final compliance;
F. Failure to provide, within 30 days after the due date, required reports
such as baseline monitoring reports, ninety-day compliance reports,
periodic self-monitoring reports, and reports on compliance with compliance
schedules;
G. Failure to accurately report noncompliance; or
H. Any other violation or group of violations which New Stanton Borough
or THTMA determines will adversely affect the operation or implementation
of the local pretreatment program.
2. Violation of the pretreatment standards and requirements which constitute
significant noncompliance are considered to be the most serious violation
and require a strong and immediate response. Assessment of civil penalties
may occur for significant noncompliance.
3. In addition to assessing appropriate penalties commensurate with
the factors listed above, New Stanton Borough or THTMA shall consider
assessing larger penalties in cases of repeat violations, including
all violations of permit effluent limitations, monitoring and reporting
requirements, and other standard and special discharge conditions.
This consideration produces flexibility in assessing penalties for
multiple violations.
[Ord. No. 97-177, 12/22/1997]
Any person who knowingly makes any false statements, representation
or certification in any application, record, report, plan or other
document filed or required to be maintained pursuant to this Part,
or pretreatment permit, or who falsifies, tampers with, or knowingly
renders inaccurate any monitoring device or method required under
this Part shall upon conviction be punished by a fine of not more
than $1,000 or by imprisonment for not more than 30 days, or by both.
Each occurrence shall be a separate offense. This section shall not
preclude prosecution under the Pennsylvania Crimes Code.
[Ord. No. 97-177, 12/22/1997]
The remedies provided for in this Part are intended to be concurrent
and cumulative, and the provisions of this Part shall not abridge
or alter any right of action or remedy, now or hereafter existing
in law, or under the common law or statutory law, criminal or civil,
available to New Stanton Borough or THTMA.
[Ord. No. 97-177, 12/22/1997]
The industrial user charged with the penalty shall have 30 days
to pay the proposed penalty in full, or if the industrial user wishes
to contest either the amount of the penalty, or the fact of the violation,
the industrial user must file an appeal of the action pursuant to
the municipal law or home rule charter or, in the absence of either
of these, within 30 days, pursuant to 2 Pa.C.S.A. (relating to administrative law and procedure). Failure
to appeal within this period shall result in a waiver of all legal
rights to contest the violation or amount of the penalty.