A.
General. These construction standards shall govern
all construction indicated on final submission of subdivisions within
the Village, both on private land and on public land. Construction
not covered by these standards shall be in accordance with recognized
good practice, such as that contained in the New York State Department
of Transportation Standard Specifications for Construction and Materials
or recommendations of manufacturers' associations. The words "Village
Superintendent of Public Works" shall be substituted wherever reference
is made to Department of Transportation officials within the applicable
Department of Transportation specifications cited in these standards.
All such methods not covered by these standards require approval of
the Village before construction begins.
B.
Maintenance and protection of traffic. The owner shall maintain traffic and protect the public from damage to person and property while construction is being performed in any public right-of-way or any private street. Travel shall be maintained over a reasonably smooth traveled way which shall be marked as necessary for the type of street so that a person who has no knowledge of conditions can safely and with a minimum of discomfort and inconvenience drive or walk over all or any portion of the street. The Village shall determine whether one-way or two-way traffic shall be maintained. See § A173-26C for related information concerning excavation.
C.
Cleanup and repair. The owner shall clean up all debris
or materials left as a result of his work and completely repair damage
caused by him to any public or private property, including any existing
street he may have used. Resetting of surveying points and reseeding
roadside areas are included in the repairs required.
D.
Restoration of paved street surfaces. All utilities
within street rights-of-way shall be installed before streets are
paved. However, repairs and reconstruction after paving may require
pavement restoration which shall be accomplished as follows:
(1)
Backfilling shall be as required for backfill within
a street right-of-way.
(2)
The edge of the pavement shall be cut evenly with
a chisel or saw at least one foot beyond the edge of the excavation.
(3)
Base material and paving equal in thickness and quality
to that of the original paving shall be constructed in accordance
with the standards for pavement construction.
(4)
The joint between the original pavement and the patch
shall be sealed with a crack sealer approved by the Village.
E.
Land for public usage. Land which the owner has offered
for cession to the Village for recreation purposes shall be cleared
of all debris, construction shanties or materials belonging to the
owner. Each parcel disturbed by the owner's operations shall be graded
and restored to a neat and acceptable condition.
F.
Construction modifications in the field. The Village
may require construction of a type not contemplated at the time of
final review, provided that such requirements are for a higher type
of construction. This is to allow for proper construction to meet
conditions not known at the time of final review. Such construction
changes shall be shown on as-built drawings.
A.
General. Roadway construction materials which meet
New York State Department of Transportation Specifications shall generally
be approved for construction. Other materials may be approved by the
Village in lieu of items from the New York State Department of Transportation
Specifications if it can be demonstrated to the Village Superintendent
of Public Works that such a substitution will have equal or better
structural properties and would result in no additional or special
maintenance burden for the Village. All roadway construction shall
be controlled by stakes for grade and alignment.
B.
Excavation.
(1)
All trees, brush, stumps, roots more than 1/2 inch
in diameter, fences and rubbish shall be removed from the area of
the roadway and slopes. Topsoil shall be removed when the roadway
is in cut or when the roadway fill is less than six feet deep to existing
ground.
(2)
Boulders shall be removed to a depth of one foot below
the bottom of subbase. In case of blasting for rock excavation, procedures
shall be followed as outlined by the Village Superintendent.
(3)
Muck, spongy material or other unsuitable material
shall be completely removed from within the area of the roadway and
slopes and the excavation filled with suitable fill material when
the roadway is above existing ground and filled with run-of-bank gravel
when the roadway is below existing ground.
(4)
All excavated ground shall be rolled with heavy equipment
until the underlying soil is thoroughly compacted to the satisfaction
of the Village Superintendent before any construction of the embankment
or subbase is begun. The final compacted surface in areas for placement
of subbase shall not be more than 1/2 inch higher or lower than design
subgrade in any location.
C.
Embankment.
(1)
Embankments shall be formed of suitable materials.
Sod, roots, stumps, trees, brush and frozen soil or other objectionable
material shall not be used.
(2)
A thoroughly and satisfactorily compacted earth embankment
is defined as having a minimum dry density of 90% of the maximum density.
However, where the embankment material consists of sand or sand and
gravel mixtures containing less than 20%, by weight, of particles
passing the No. 200 mesh sieve as determined by washing through the
sieve in accordance with ASTM Designation D1140, a minimum dry density
of 95% of the maximum density will be required. The in-place density
shall be determined by the sand cone method in accordance with ASTM
Designation D1556.
(3)
The maximum density is defined as the maximum dry
weight density in pounds per cubic foot as determined by the AASHTO
Designation T-99, Method C.
(4)
Unless otherwise designated, rock, boulders, broken
pavement or slabs larger than two feet in the greatest dimension will
not be permitted to be placed within the limits of any embankment.
(5)
Shoulders and sidewalk areas shall be considered an
integral part of the embankment and must be formed and compacted to
the elevation of the bottom of the subbase course for the full width
of the typical section before any type of pavement is placed.
(6)
No stone larger than six inches in greatest dimension
shall be placed within the area of the embankment above a line drawn
four feet below and parallel to the top surface of the shoulder.
(7)
The slopes of all embankments shall be stabilized
by spreading and rolling topsoil and seeding to obtain a satisfactory
stand of grass.
(8)
Embankments shall be placed and rolled in layers of
eight inches in thickness, measured before compaction. The top of
the embankment shall be rolled with heavy equipment until the underlying
soil is thoroughly compacted to the satisfaction of the Village Superintendent
before any construction of the subbase is begun.
D.
Subbase.
(1)
All granular material acceptable for this item shall
be of sound, hard, durable stone, gravel or blast furnace slag, well
graded from coarse to fine. The particles shall not exceed such size
as will pass through a two-inch square hole; 30% to 65%, by weight,
shall pass the one-fourth-inch square sieve; and not more than 10%,
by weight, shall pass the No. 200 mesh sieve as determined by washing
through the sieve in accordance with ASTM Designation D422 and shall
be free from any organic or other deleterious materials.
(2)
The result of multiplying the percentage passing the
No. 200 sieve by the Plasticity Index of the particles passing the
No. 40 sieve shall not exceed 30.0. In no case shall the Plasticity
Index exceed 5.0 or the percentage passing the No. 200 mesh sieve
exceed 10%. Of the particles retained on the one-half-inch square
sieve not more than 30%, by weight, shall consist of flat or elongated
pieces. A flat or elongated piece is defined herein as one the greatest
dimension of which is more than three times the least dimension.
(3)
The subbase material shall be spread to such thickness
that the maximum depth of the layer, after compaction, will be six
inches. The entire surface of the layer shall be rolled with equipment
weighing at least 10 tons, making a minimum of eight passes over the
entire surface. After compaction, the top surface of this course shall
not extend above nor more than 1/2 inch below true grade and surface
at any location before pavement is laid.
E.
Pavement. Materials and construction methods for bituminous
concrete pavement shall conform to the Item 403, Type 1A Top, Binder
and Base Course Specifications contained in the New York State Department
of Transportation Standard Specifications, January 1973, as noted
in the approved list of construction materials.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: See the list of approved construction
materials included at the end of this chapter.
F.
Curbs.
(1)
Curbs shall be either precast concrete, cast-in-place
concrete, granite stone or a precast or cast-in-place curb and gutter
combination.
(2)
Design and construction procedures shall follow those
recommended by the New York State Department of Transportation Standard
Specifications, January 1973.
G.
Seeding. The work shall consist of furnishing fertilizers
and seed, preparing ground surfaces and fertilizing, seeding and mulching
areas where shown on the Village Subdivision Standard Drawings and
as specified under Section 610-3.03, Seeding on Special Areas, of
the New York State Department of Transportation Standard Specifications.
H.
Portland cement concrete. Subsection E above refers to bituminous concrete construction. However, portland cement concrete pavement and curb of a comparable cross section will be permitted. Design and construction procedures recommended by the New York State Department of Transportation Standard Specifications shall be employed.
I.
Underdrains. Materials and construction methods for
under-drain filters shall conform to the requirements of Item 605,
Underdrain Filter, New York State Department of Transportation Standard
Specifications. Pipe used shall be approved by the Village.
The construction of storm drainage facilities
shall be controlled by these standards and all other applicable Village
standards.
A.
General. Construction of sanitary sewerage facilities
shall be controlled by these standards and all other applicable Village
standards.
B.
Maintaining existing service. The owner shall maintain
full service in the existing sewer system continuously. No discharge
of sewage to a point outside the system shall be permitted at any
time.
C.
House service. A Y-branch or chimney and house service
extending to the edge of the right-of-way or beyond shall be installed
for each lot. A hardwood stake extending from the sewer to the ground
surface shall be installed at the end of each house service before
backfilling. The end of the house service shall be sealed with an
approved stopper manufactured for the purpose, and the stopper shall
be wedged in place with stone or masonry before backfilling. The house
service shall eventually be connected to the building it serves before
the Village approves the building construction.
D.
Tests.
(1)
It is the intention of these construction standards
to secure a system with a minimum amount of infiltration.
(2)
To check the amount of infiltration, the Village shall
require infiltration-exfiltration tests.
(a)
Infiltration tests. The owner shall furnish
and maintain a V-notch sharp-crested weir in a wood frame tightly
secured in the sewer system at the locations directed by the Village.
The maximum allowable infiltration shall be 200 gallons per mile per
inch of diameter of sewer main per twenty-four-hour day at any time.
The period of testing shall be a minimum of one hour.
(b)
Exfiltration tests. The owner shall furnish
and maintain the necessary plugs, stoppers, water supply and measuring
devices at locations required by the Village. All openings in the
section of the system to be tested shall be securely stopped and the
section filled with water to provide a minimum of two feet of head
over all sewers in the section.
(3)
After filling, the system shall be allowed to stand
a minimum of 12 hours before conducting the tests. The maximum allowable
exfiltration shall be 200 gallons per mile per inch of diameter of
the sewer per twenty-four-hour day at any time, plus 20 gallons for
each additional two feet of head over the basic two-foot minimum.
(4)
General. Any section of the sewer system that shows
infiltration-exfiltration in excess of the allowable limits shall
be repaired by means satisfactorily to the Village. When the system
has been demonstrated to be within allowable limits, the owner shall
remove all plugs, stoppers and weirs.
(5)
Sewers must be straight between manholes and shall
be tested for straightness by flashing a light from manhole to manhole,
lamping or by other suitable means.
A.
General. All components shall be of approved, unused
materials; manufacturers' recommended procedures shall be employed.
B.
Water mains.
(1)
The full length of each section of pipe shall rest
solidly upon the pipe bed with adequate recesses excavated for the
bells and joints. The interior of all pipes shall be thoroughly cleaned
of all foreign matter before being placed in the trench and shall
be kept clean during the laying operations by means of plugs or other
approved methods.
(2)
The pipe shall not be laid in water or when trench
conditions are unsuitable for the work, except by permission of the
Village Superintendent. Water shall be kept out of the trench until
the joints have been completed. When work is not in progress, open
ends of the pipes shall be securely closed so that no trench water,
earth or other substances will enter the pipes or fittings.
(3)
Any section of pipe found to be defective before or
after laying shall be replaced with new pipe.
(4)
Lines shall be installed with a minimum of five feet
of cover.
(a)
Handling. Pipe and accessories shall be handled
in such a manner as to ensure delivery on the work site in sound,
undamaged condition. Particular care shall be taken not to injure
pipe costing. Rope or canvas slings shall be used in unloading, loading
and installation of pipe which cannot be placed by hand. The use of
chains or tongs shall not be permitted. All surface areas of coated
pipe that are damaged shall be recoated with hot bituminous material
equal to that used to factorycoat the pipe.
(b)
Cutting. Cutting of pipe shall be done in a
neat and workmanlike manner without damage to the pipe or pipe lining.
Unless otherwise authorized by the Village, all pipe cutting shall
be done by means of an approved type of mechanical cutter. Wheel-type
cutters shall be used when practicable.
(c)
Placing and laying.
[1]
Before being lowered into the trench, all sections
of pipe shall be inspected for defects and tapped with a light hammer
to detect cracks. Defective, damaged or unsound pipe shall be rejected.
[2]
Deflections from a straight line or grade, as
required by vertical curves, horizontal curves or offsets, shall not
exceed those recommended by the appropriate specifications or, if
not specified, then by the manufacturer's recommendations. If the
alignment requires deflections in excess of these limitations, the
owner shall provide special bends or a sufficient number of shorter
lengths to provide angular deflections within the limit set forth.
[3]
Before jointing, all lumps, blisters, excess
coating material, oil and grease that will interfere with proper jointing
shall be removed from the ends of all pipes.
(d)
Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
made in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Rubber
gaskets shall be used. Torque wrenches, calibrated in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions, shall be used on the joint assembly.
(e)
Slip-type joints. Slip-type joints shall be
made in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
(f)
Anchoring. All tee connections, bends and dead
ends shall be securely anchored in place by means of tie-rods and
pipe clamps or concrete thrust blocks resting against undisturbed
soil.
(g)
Testing. After the installation of the water
distribution system or sections thereof, the waterlines shall be filled
and all air blown off. The system or parts thereof shall then be subjected
to hydrostatic test. All testing shall be performed in the presence
of the Village and shall be under Village supervision. Hydrostatic
test and leakage allowances shall be in accordance with AWWA C600
for cast-iron pipe or AWWA C603 for asbestos-cement pipe. If any section
of the distribution system shows a leakage greater than specified,
the leaks shall be located and repaired until the leakage is within
the specified limits.
(h)
Disinfection. Mains shall be disinfected in
accordance with AWWA C601. Water containing not more than 50 parts
per million of free available chlorine shall be allowed to stand in
all lines and systems for at least 24 hours, after which time there
shall be at least 10 parts per million residual chlorine remaining
in the water. All new valves and hydrants shall be operated while
the lines are filled with heavily chlorinated water. Following chlorination
to the satisfaction of the Village, all disinfecting water shall be
flushed from the lines until the chlorine residual does not exceed
1.0 part per million.
C.
Valves.
(1)
Valves shall be set with the stems vertical. After
valves have been installed and adjusted, they shall be tested for
operation under maximum operating pressure, shall be watertight and
shall operate easily.
(2)
Valve boxes shall be installed so that covers are
flush with the finished ground surface. Boxes shall be set vertical
and centered over the valve.
(3)
A valve record card shall be completed for each valve
installed. The card shall be furnished by the Village and shall be
returned to the Village when completely filled out.
D.
Hydrants.
(1)
Each hydrant shall be set vertical and shall be anchored
as indicated on the standard detail. Hydrants shall be set so that
the distance between the finish grade line and the hose connections
conforms to the standard detail.
(2)
After installation, that portion of each hydrant above
finish grade will be painted with a color compatible with the primer
or as directed by the Village Superintendent of Public Works.
(3)
That portion of each hydrant below finish grade shall
be given a coat of hot bituminous material prior to installation.
This coating shall be equal to that used for coating of cast-iron
fittings and waterlines.
(4)
A hydrant record card shall be completed for each
hydrant installed. The card shall be furnished by the Village and
shall be returned to the Village when completely filled out.
E.
Services.
A.
General. All labor, materials, equipment, tools and
services required for the furnishing and installation of any type
of pipe shall conform to the following specifications.
B.
Pipe.
(1)
All pipe shall be installed in the sizes and to the
lines and grades shown on the approved subdivision drawings. The type
and specifications of pipe to be furnished and installed in each location
shall be as designated on the subdivision drawings. Pipe shall be
new No. 1 pipe and shall be rejected if found not to meet the minimum
requirements set by the Village.
(2)
All pipelines and appurtenances of whatever type or
description shall be constructed in an approved manner to the complete
satisfaction of the Village.
(3)
Where lift holes are provided in concrete pipe, they
shall be filled with a stiff mortar mix after the pipe is installed
in the trench.
(4)
The owner, at his own expense, at all times during
the progress of the work shall keep the trenches and excavations free
from water. Water from trenches and excavations shall be disposed
of in such a manner as will neither cause injury to the public health
or to the surface of streets nor cause any interference with the use
of public rights-of-way. Water shall not be allowed to flow away through
newly laid sewers.
(5)
All pipe shall be installed to the limits of the approved
subdivision section and shall terminate in a manhole, catch basin
or hydrant as appropriate. Stubs shall be installed in manholes and
catch basins to provide for future extension of pipelines.
C.
Excavation.
(1)
Necessary arrangements shall be made by the owner
with all persons, firms or corporations owning or using any poles,
pipes, tracks or conduits, etc., affected by his construction to maintain
and protect such facilities during construction. In the event that
any existing gas pipes, water pipes, conduits, sewers, tile drains
or poles are blocked or interfered with by the excavation required
on this project, the owner shall maintain them in continuous operation
and restore them to the same condition as they were prior to the start
of construction.
(2)
Sidewalks and pavements must in no case be blocked
or obstructed by excavated material except with the approval of the
Village and then only when adequate provisions have been made for
a satisfactory temporary passage of pedestrians and vehicles. Adequate
bridging and planked crossings must be provided and maintained across
all open trenches for pedestrians and vehicles when so ordered by
the Village. Barriers, lights, flares and watchmen shall be provided
and maintained by the owner at all trenches, excavations and embankments
as required by the Village.
(3)
The excavation of the trench shall not advance more
than 200 feet ahead of the completed masonry or pipe work except where
it is necessary to drain wet ground. The width of trenches in which
pipe is to be installed shall be such as to provide adequate space
for workmen to place and joint the pipe properly and shall be in accordance
with the following:
|
Maximum Trench Widths One Foot Above Top
of Pipe
| ||
|
Pipe Size
(inches)
|
Trench Width
(inches)
| |
|
8 to 12
|
30
| |
|
15 to 18
|
OD plus 16
| |
|
21 to 27
|
OD plus 18
| |
|
30 to 36
|
OD plus 24
| |
|
*
|
NOTE: "OD" is outside diameter of pipe barrel.
|
(4)
The owner shall furnish, put in place and maintain
such sheeting and bracing as may be required to properly support the
sides and ends of excavations and to prevent injury to the structure
built or to persons or property.
(5)
If at any time the Village so orders, the owner shall
install such additional sheeting and bracing as may be required by
the State of New York Department of Labor, by adverse soil conditions
or by the Village; but compliance with such order or failure on the
part of the Village to exercise its right to give such order shall
in no way release the owner from liability for damage caused by weak
or insufficient sheeting nor from its responsibility to protect the
work and adjacent property. Voids appearing outside the sheeting shall
be immediately and compactly filled with suitable material and to
the satisfaction of the Village.
(6)
All sheeting and bracing shall be in accordance with
the Industrial Code Rule No. 23 of the State of New York Department
of Labor, Board of Standards and Appeals.
(7)
Trench bottoms shall be excavated to conform to the
type of bedding specified for the project.
(8)
Where excavations are opened and, in the opinion of
the Village, the materials in place are not adequate for structural
stability of the completed work, the Village may order the owner to
carry the excavation to an additional depth, furnish and place concrete
cradles, sand or gravel refill and/or timber and piling foundations.
D.
Rock excavation.
(1)
Excavation and trenches in rock shall be carried to
a depth of 1/4 the diameter of the pipe but in no case less than six
inches below the pipe bottom and shall be made by any acceptable method,
including the use of explosives.
(2)
Where blasting is necessary, it shall be done by men
experienced in such work.
(3)
All blasts shall be well covered with blast mats and
provisions made to protect pipes, conduits, sewers, structures, persons
and property adjacent to the site of the work. The Village shall be
notified a minimum of 24 hours in advance of blasting operations.
Prior to blasting, all persons in the vicinity shall be given ample
warning. Blasting will not be permitted between the hours of 6:30
p.m. and 6:30 a.m., except with special permission, nor within 25
feet of the completed work.
(4)
All handling and use of explosives shall be in accordance with Industrial Code Rules Nos. 23 and 39 of the New York State Department of Labor, Board of Standards and Appeals, and Article 16 of the New York State Labor Law.
(5)
The owner shall secure all permits required by law
for blasting operations and any additional hazard insurance required.
E.
Lines and grades. Three batter boards, a top line
plumb bob and a grade pole shall be used to transfer line and grade
from grade stakes to the pipe line unless some other method of checking
the pipe invert grade and line is approved by the Village.
F.
Bedding. The class of bedding to be used shall be
as specified in the final submission drawings. There shall be excavation
for bells and flanges in all classes of bedding. Beddings for pipe
shall conform to one or more of the following:
(1)
First-class bedding. First-class bedding is that method
of laying pipe in which the pipe is carefully bedded in compacted
granular materials placed on a flat trench bottom. The granular material
shall be crushed stone, pea gravel or sand and the maximum particle
size shall be 3/4 inch. The depth of the granular bedding below the
bottom of the pipe shall be 1/4 the outside pipe diameter or four
inches, whichever is greater, and shall extend to a point four inches
over the top of the pipe. If mechanically tamped, material may be
placed in six-inch layers; three-inch layers if tamped by hand. If
a clean, dry, free-flowing sand is used, no compaction will be required.
All materials up to 12 inches over the top of the pipe shall be placed
by hand.
(2)
Concrete cradle bedding.
(a)
Concrete cradle bedding is that method of bedding
pipe in which the lower part of the pipe exterior is bedded in plain
or reinforced concrete of 2,500 pounds per square inch or greater,
having a minimum thickness under the pipe of 1/4 the nominal inside
diameter and extending up the sides of the pipe for a height equal
to 1/4 of the outside diameter.
(b)
The cradle shall have a width at least equal
to the outside diameter of the barrel of the pipe, plus eight inches,
and it shall be constructed monolithically without horizontal construction
joints. The remainder of the bedding to a point four inches over the
top of the pipe shall conform to first-class bedding.
(3)
Concrete encasement. Concrete encasement is that method
of bedding pipe in which the entire pipe is jacketed by plain or reinforced
concrete having a compressive strength of 2,500 pounds per square
inch or greater. The encasement width and height shall be at least
equal to the outside diameter of the barrel of the pipe, plus eight
inches, or as shown on the approved subdivision drawings. Normally
stronger pipe should be used with concrete cradle or encasement being
permitted only in unusual cases.
G.
Pipe laying.
(1)
Pipe shall be protected during handling against impact
shocks and freefall. Pipe shall be kept clean at all times.
(2)
The laying of pipe in prepared trenches shall be commenced
at the lowest point with the spigot ends pointing in the direction
of flow.
(3)
All pipe shall be laid with ends abutting and true
to line and grade. They shall be carefully centered so that when laid
they will form a uniform invert.
(4)
Preparatory to making pipe joints, all surfaces of
the portions of the pipe to be jointed or of the factory-made jointing
material shall be clean and dry. Lubricants, primers, adhesives, etc.,
shall be used as recommended by the pipe or joint manufacturer. The
jointing materials or factory fabricated joints shall then be placed,
fitted, joined and adjusted in such a workmanlike manner as to obtain
the degree of watertightness required.
(5)
Trenches shall be kept waterfree and as dry as possible
during bedding, laying and jointing and for as long a period as required.
As soon as possible after the joint is made, sufficient backfill material
shall be placed along each side of the pipe to offset conditions that
might tend to move the pipe off line and grade.
(6)
All ends of pipe runs shall be capped with standard
stoppers or with a fitting provided with an approved joint. If stoppers
are used, they must be wedged in place with boulders or masonry blocks.
Large lines may be bricked off at the ends or otherwise sealed in
a manner approved by the Village.
H.
Backfilling.
(1)
All backfilling to a point four inches over the top of the newly laid pipe shall be as specified under Subsection F, Bedding. To a point 18 inches over the top of the pipe, there shall be no stones larger than two inches.
(2)
No frozen material shall be used for backfill.
(3)
When backfilling in open-cut across or within the right-of-way limits of any street, road, highway or railroad, the remainder of the backfill shall be select granular material. Compaction for the entire depth shall be as directed under Subsection F, Bedding, or with water if satisfactory drainage is provided for free water.
(4)
When backfilling in unpaved areas outside the rights-of-way,
the excavated material may be used to complete the backfilling, provided
that all deleterious contents, if any, are removed as directed by
the Village. The backfill shall be rounded off over the trench not
higher than eight inches. Material shall be compacted in layers not
more than two feet thick by hand or by machine.
(5)
No pipe shall be covered before permission is given
by the Village.
(6)
Under no circumstances shall water be permitted to
rise in trenches before they are backfilled.
(7)
Backfilling shall be completed to a point two feet
above the top of all pipe laid each day. Operations shall be scheduled
so that the trench is completely backfilled to within 200 feet of
the end of the completed, installed sewer at the end of each day.
(8)
Whenever timber sheeting is driven to a depth below
the elevation of the top of the pipe, that portion of the sheeting
below the elevation of the top of the pipe shall not be disturbed
or removed. Whenever timber sheeting is driven for the protection
of trench walls in water-bearing soil, no portion of such sheeting
below a level four feet over the top of the pipe shall be removed.
I.
Tunnels. Methods of excavation support and backfill
in tunnels made beneath existing structures, railroads, pavements
and sidewalks for the installation of pipe or conduits shall be subject
to approval of the Village before work is begun.
J.
Jacking and boring. Methods of jacking and boring
to install pipe shall be approved by the Village before such work
is started.
K.
Manholes and catch basins.
(1)
Materials shall be approved by the Village. Concrete
block masonry shall be constructed in horizontal courses with vertical
joints staggered.
(2)
Brick masonry shall be constructed in horizontal courses
with a header course every seventh course.
(3)
Concrete block and brick sidewalks shall be laid in
a full bed or mortar. Joints on interior walls shall be struck smooth.
All joints in block and brick shall be completely filled.
(4)
Concrete block and brick manholes shall be plastered
with a mortar coat one-half-inch thick on the outside.
(5)
Precast concrete rings shall be laid with full mortar
joints.
(6)
Mortar shall consist of one part portland cement and
two parts clean sand with 10% hydrated lime added.
(7)
Pipe placed through manhole or catch basin sidewalls
and stubs installed for future extensions shall extend through the
walls a sufficient distance to allow connection on the outside. Such
pipes shall be struck smooth on the inside in line with the inside
wall of the manhole. The manhole masonry shall be carefully constructed
around all pipes so as to prevent leakage along the outer surfaces.
(8)
Frame castings shall be set in full mortar beds on
top of masonry.
(9)
The top four to 12 inches of the manhole directly
under the casting shall be constructed of brick to provide for adjustment
to grade and future construction. Field cutting of precast manhole
sections shall not be allowed for grade adjustment.
L.
Connections.
(1)
Connections of new lines to existing lines when encountered
in construction and not shown on the subdivision drawings shall be
made where ordered by the Village. Such connections shall be made
within a manhole or catch basin in the case of sewers or storm drains
except for house sewer and drain connections.
A.
General. Concrete used in any type of construction
shall meet the strength and durability requirements of these standards
as determined by testing procedures specified herein. Materials used
shall meet the requirements of these standards and shall be approved
by the Board for the intended use.
B.
Materials.
(1)
Cement. Cement shall be one of the types approved
by the Board, and the type selected shall be the proper one for its
intended use.
(2)
Aggregate.
(a)
Aggregates shall be approved by the Board. Aggregates
failing to meet these requirements but producing concrete of the required
quality as shown by special tests or actual service may be used with
the permission of the Board.
(b)
The maximum size of the aggregate shall be 1/5
of the narrowest dimension between the sides of the forms within which
the concrete is to be cast and 3/4 of the minimum clear spacing between
reinforcing bars or between forms and reinforcing bars. For unreinforced
slabs, the maximum size of aggregate shall be 1/3 the slab thickness.
(3)
Mixing water. Water used in mixing concrete shall
be clean and free from injurious amount of oils, acid, alkalies, organic
materials, salts or other substances that may be deleterious to concrete
or steel.
C.
Quality of concrete.
(1)
Class of concrete. Concrete installed in various structures
or units shall be one of the three classes defined. The class to be
installed shall be as specified in the subdivision final approval.
(2)
Water-cement ratio.
(a)
All concrete shall be proportioned on the basis
of water-cement ratio which is defined as the ratio of the total quantity
of water in the mixture, including the surface water carried by the
aggregate, to the quantity of cement. The ratio is expressed in United
States gallons, 8 1/3 pounds to the gallon, per ninety-four-pound
sack of cement.
(b)
Concrete that is subject to freezing temperatures
while wet shall have a water-cement ratio not exceeding six gallons
per bag and shall contain entrained air.
(3)
Concrete proportions and consistency.
(a)
The proportions of the concrete shall produce
a mixture that will work readily with the placement method used into
the corners and angles of the forms and around reinforcement. Neither
segregation of materials in the mixture nor the collection of excess
free water on the surface shall be permitted.
(b)
The slump of concrete shall be the minimum that
is practicable. When vibrators are used to consolidate the concrete,
the slump shall not exceed four inches; otherwise the slump shall
not exceed six inches.
(c)
The methods of measuring the concrete materials
shall be such that the proportions can be accurately controlled and
easily checked. Measurement of materials for ready-mixed concrete
shall conform to Specifications for Ready-Mixed Concrete (ASTM C94).
D.
Tests on concrete.
(1)
Sampling. As the work progresses, concrete shall be
sampled in accordance with ASTM Method of Sampling Fresh Concrete
(ASTM C172).
(2)
Slump test. Slump tests shall be made according to
ASTM Method of Test for Slump of Portland Cement Concrete (ASTM C143).
(3)
Compression test.
(a)
Compression test specimens shall be made and
cured according to ASTM Method of Making and Curing Concrete Compression
and Flexture Test Specimens in the Field (ASTM C31). Not less than
three specimens shall be made for each test at each age nor less than
one test for each 150 cubic yards of concrete of each class. At least
one test per day shall be made of each class of concrete used that
day.
(b)
Specimens shall be taken by the owner or his
representative under the direction of the Village and the tests made
by a laboratory approved by the Village. The cost of transportation
to the laboratory and of testing the concrete cylinders shall be borne
by the owner. The owner shall furnish two copies of all test results
to the Village.
(c)
Additional specimens cured under job conditions
may be required when, in the opinion of the Village, there is a possibility
of the surrounding air temperature falling below 40° F. or rising
above 90° F.
(d)
Specimens shall be tested according to ASTM
Method of Test for Comprehensive Strength of Molded Concrete Cylinders
(ASTM C39).
(e)
The standard age of test specimens shall be
28 days, but seven-day specimens may be used, provided that the relationship
between the seven-day and twenty-eight-day strengths of the concrete
is established by test for the materials and proportions used.
(f)
If after testing the average strength of test
cylinders is found to be more than 10% below the required strength,
the Village may elect either to permit such concrete to remain in
place and require the owner to forfeit from his performance bond an
amount agreeable to both the owner and the Village or require the
owner at his own expense to remove the concrete area deficient in
the specified strength and replace it with concrete of satisfactory
quality.
E.
Mixing and placing concrete.
(1)
Preparation of equipment and place of deposit.
(a)
Before placement, all equipment for mixing and
transporting the concrete shall be cleaned and all debris and ice
shall be removed from the places to be occupied by the concrete. Forms
and subbase shall be thoroughly wetted (except in freezing weather)
or oiled. The reinforcement shall be thoroughly cleaned of ice, dirt,
rust, scale or other coatings.
(b)
Standing water shall be removed from the place
of deposit before concrete is placed unless otherwise permitted by
the Village. All laitance and other unsound materials shall be removed
from hardened concrete before additional concrete is added.
(2)
Mixing of concrete.
(a)
For job-mixed concrete, the mixer shall be rotated
at a speed recommended by the manufacturer. Each batch of one cubic
yard or less shall be mixed for at least one minute after all materials
are in the mixer. The mixing time shall be increased 15 seconds for
each additional cubic yard or part thereof. The entire batch shall
be discharged before the mixer is recharged.
(b)
Ready-mixed concrete shall be mixed and delivered
in accordance with Specifications for Ready-Mixed Concrete (ASTM C94).
(3)
Conveying of concrete.
(a)
Concrete shall be conveyed from the mixer to
the place of final deposit by methods that will prevent separation
or loss of materials.
(b)
Equipment for chuting, pumping and pneumatically
conveying concrete shall be of such size and design as to achieve
a practically continuous flow of concrete at the delivery end without
separation of materials.
(4)
Placing of concrete.
(a)
Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as practicable
in its final position to avoid segregation due to rehandling or flowing.
The placing of concrete shall be carried on at such rate that concrete
is at all times plastic and flows readily into the spaces between
the bars. No concrete that has partially hardened or been contaminated
by foreign material shall be deposited on the work nor shall retempered
concrete be used.
(b)
When concreting is once started, it shall be
carried on as a continuous operation until concreting of the panel
or section is completed. When construction joints are necessary, they
shall be made in accordance with accepted practice or as approved
by the Board.
(c)
All concrete shall be thoroughly consolidated
by suitable means during placement. It shall be thoroughly worked
around reinforcement and embedded fixtures and into the corners of
the forms. Tools used shall be such that they will not cause segregation
of aggregates.
(5)
Curing of concrete. Provision shall be made for maintaining
concrete in a moist condition for a period of at least five days after
placement. For high-early-strength concretes, however, moist curing
shall be provided for at least the first two days when concrete and
air temperatures are above 50° F.; longer periods of curing shall
be required when temperatures are below 50° F.
(6)
Cold weather concreting.
(a)
Adequate equipment shall be provided for heating
concrete materials and protecting concrete during freezing or near-freezing
weather. No frozen materials or materials containing snow or ice shall
be used in the concrete.
(b)
All reinforcement, forms, fillers and ground
with which the concrete is to come in contact shall be free from snow
and ice. Whenever the temperature of the surrounding air is below
40° F., all concrete placed in the forms shall have a temperature
of 45° F. or higher after placement.
(c)
Adequate means shall be provided for maintaining
this temperature for four days. When high-early-strength concrete
is used, a temperature of 45° F. shall be maintained for three
days. In either case, any additional time necessary to ensure proper
curing of the concrete shall be provided as directed by the Village.
(d)
The housing, covering or other protection used
in connection with curing shall remain in place and intact at least
24 hours after the artificial heating is discontinued. No dependence
shall be placed on salt or other chemicals for the preservation of
freezing.
(7)
Hot weather concreting.
(a)
In hot weather, suitable precautions shall be
taken to avoid drying of the concrete prior to finishing operations.
Use of windbreaks, sunshades, fog sprays or other devices shall be
provided as directed by the Village.
(b)
Concrete deposited in hot weather shall not
have a placing temperature that will cause difficulty from loss of
slump, flash set or cold joints. Concrete temperatures shall be less
than 90° F.
(8)
Forms.
(a)
Forms shall conform to shapes, lines and dimensions
of the members as called for in the subdivision final submission and
shall be sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of mortar. They shall
be properly braced or tied together so as to maintain position and
shape.
(b)
Forms shall be removed in such a manner as to
ensure the complete safety of the structure. Where the structure is
supported on shores, the removable floor forms, beams and girder sides
and column and similar vertical forms may be removed after 24 hours,
provided that the concrete is sufficiently hard. In no case shall
the supporting forms or shoring be removed until members have acquired
sufficient strength to support their weight and imposed loads safely.
(9)
Placing and splicing of reinforcements. The reinforcement
shall be protected by the thickness of the concrete indicated in the
subdivision final approval. Where not otherwise shown, the thickness
of concrete over the reinforcement shall be as follows:
(a)
Where concrete is deposited against the ground
without the use of forms: not less than three inches.
(b)
Where concrete is exposed to the weather or
to the ground but placed in forms: not less than two inches for bars
larger than No. 5 and 1 1/2 inches for No. 5 bars or smaller.
(c)
In slabs and walls not exposed to the ground
or to the weather: not less than 3/4 inch.
(d)
In beams, girders and columns not exposed to
the ground or to the weather: not less than 1 1/2 inches.
(e)
In all cases: at least equal to the diameter
of bars or 1 1/2 times the side dimension of a square bar.
A.
General. Underground cable for electric service shall
be installed in conformance with the requirements listed herein, the
National Electrical Code and recognized acceptable installation practices.
B.
Sequence of construction. Installation of cable and
conduit shall be subsequent to right-of-way grading but prior to any
paving operations. Grading tolerances shall be those acceptable to
the affected utility company.
C.
Conduit. Rigid conduit shall be placed under all roadways
prior to the installation of the cable. Conduit of appropriate size
shall conform to the requirements of the National Electrical Code,
with installation of conduit to conform to excavation and backfilling
provisions of item of the New York State Department of Transportation
Standard Specifications.
D.
Identification of buried cable. To protect from inadvertant
cuts into any cable, any buried cable shall have placed approximately
one foot above such cable a continuous ribbon of brightly colored,
nonreactive plastic ribbon.
E.
Documentation. The developer shall indicate all cable
and conduit locations on the as-built drawings when submitted to the
Village. The Board may accept as-built drawings as submitted by the
utility company in lieu of this requirement.
