A.
In all districts, all structures built and all uses
established hereafter shall provide accessory off-street parking in
accordance with the following regulations. When an existing structure
or use is expanded, accessory off-street parking shall be provided
in accordance with the following regulations for the area or capacity
of such expansion, as well as for the existing area of such structure
or use.
[Amended 8-1-1988]
B.
The provisions of this article shall not be deemed
to apply to motor vehicle storage or display parking areas associated
with a vehicle sale, rental and service establishment.
A.
All required off-street parking spaces shall be located
on the same lot as the structure or use to which they are accessory
or on a lot contiguous thereto which has the same zoning classification
and is under the same ownership, provided that where there are practical
difficulties or if the public safety and/or public convenience would
be better served by a location other than on the same lot or a contiguous
lot, the Board or BZA, as applicable, acting upon a specific application,
may authorize such alternative location, subject to the following
conditions:
(1)
Such required space shall be located on land in the same ownership as that land on which the use to which such space is accessory or, in the case of the cooperative provision of parking spaces, as provided in Subsection C below, in the ownership of at least one of the participants in the combination; and
(2)
Such required space shall be located within 500 feet
walking distance of a building entrance to the use that such space
serves.
B.
No off-street parking facilities for a structure or
use permitted only in a commercial or industrial zoning district shall
be located in a residential or resource preservation district.
C.
Required off-street parking spaces may be provided
cooperatively for two or more uses, subject to arrangements that will
assure the permanent availability of such spaces to the satisfaction
of the Board. The amount of such combined space shall equal the sum
of the amounts required for the separate uses; provided, however,
that the Board may reduce the total number of parking spaces required
by strict application of said requirements when it can be determined
that the same spaces may adequately serve two or more uses by reason
of the hours of operation of such uses.
D.
In those instances where a proposed neighborhood retail
commercial use is located with an orientation toward pedestrian or
bicycle traffic, the Board may reduce the number of off-street parking
spaces by up to 20% of the number otherwise required by the strict
application of the provisions of this article.
E.
All required off-street parking spaces, their appurtenant
aisles and driveways, and integrated low-impact design stormwater
management structures shall be deemed to be required space on the
lot on which the same are situated and shall not be encroached upon
or be reduced in any manner except upon approval by the Board in accordance
with the provisions of this chapter.
[Amended 1-7-2008]
F.
Except as may be qualified elsewhere in this chapter,
off-street parking spaces that are located on the ground and open
to the sky may be located in any required yard but not nearer to any
front lot line than 10 feet. Except as may be qualified elsewhere
in this chapter, parking structures and carports shall be subject
to the minimum yard requirements applicable in the zoning district
in which located; except parking structures that are completely underground
may be located in any required yard, but not closer than one foot
to any lot line, provided that any visible indication of the underground
structure, including entrances or ventilation stacks, shall not be
located closer than 25 feet to any lot line.
G.
All off-street parking space shall be used solely
for the parking of vehicles in operating condition by patrons, occupants
or employees of the use to which such parking is accessory. No motor
vehicle repair work except emergency service shall be permitted in
association with any required off-street parking facilities.
H.
All off-street parking space shall be provided with
safe and convenient access to a street. If any such space is located
contiguous to a street, the street side thereof shall be curbed and
ingress and egress shall be provided only through driveway openings
through the curb of such dimension, location and construction as may
be approved by the VDOT.
[Amended 2-1-2021]
I.
All off-street parking areas, including aisles and
driveways, except those required for single-family detached dwellings,
shall be constructed and maintained with a dustless surface. Off-street
parking areas, including their related aisles and driveways, may,
upon approval by the Administrator, be exempted from the provision
if such facilities are for a temporary purpose; provided, however,
that such areas shall be graveled and maintained in accordance with
standards approved by the ZA. Additionally, all off-street parking
areas shall provide stormwater management provisions, as specified
in § 145, Stormwater Management.
[Amended 1-7-2008]
J.
In no event shall the required dimensions of any off-street
parking areas be less than those presented in the following table:
|
MINIMUM OFF-STREET PARKING AREA
DIMENSIONS
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Angle of Parking
(degrees)
|
Direction of Parking
|
Width of Stall
(feet)
|
Depth of Perpendicular to Aisle
(feet)
|
Width of Aisle
(feet)
|
Width of Aisle Plus 2 Stalls
(feet)
|
Width of Stall Parallel to Aisle
(feet)
|
|
0
|
Parallel
|
8
|
22.0
| |||
|
30
|
Drive-in
|
9
|
16.8
|
9
|
42.6
|
18.0
|
|
45
|
Drive-in
|
9
|
19.1
|
11
|
49.2
|
12.7
|
|
60
|
Drive-in
|
9
|
20.0
|
27
|
57.0
|
10.4
|
|
90
|
Drive-in
|
9
|
18.0
|
23 to 27
|
59 to 63
|
9.0
|
|
Source: Parking, The Eno Foundation
for Highway Traffic Control, Saugotuck, Connecticut, 1957, page 13.
| ||||||
K.
All lighting fixtures used to illuminate off-street parking areas shall be designed to comply with performance standards relative to glare of the zoning district in which such area is located, as well as § 170-119.
[Amended 1-7-2008]
L.
Landscape treatment and plant materials should be
used to define vehicular and pedestrian circulation and minimize impervious
areas within parking space.
[Amended 1-7-2008]
M.
Parking should not be located exclusively at the front
of building sites; some parking should be located at the sides or
rear of the site.
[Amended 1-7-2008]
N.
Sites with steep slopes should not be modified to
produce a single ground plane for building and parking. In such cases,
parking areas should be developed on one or more terraces with site
elevations different from that of the building and linked by appropriate
barrier-free pedestrian circulation.
[Amended 1-7-2008]
O.
Parking spaces required on an employee/person basis
in the sections that follow shall be based on the minimum number of
employees/persons on duty or residing, or both, on the premises at
any one time or the occupancy load of the building, whichever is greater.
Overlapping use of parking areas at shift changes shall be considered.
[Amended 1-7-2008]
P.
Where a given use or building contains a combination
of uses as set forth in the following sections, parking shall be provided
on the basis of the sum of the needs of the various uses. Structured
and shared parking is encouraged to minimize impervious area of off-street
parking space.
[Added 1-7-2008]
Q.
If there is uncertainty with respect to the amount
of parking space required by the provisions of this chapter as a result
of an indefiniteness as to the proposed uses of a building or of the
land, the maximum requirement for the general type or use that is
involved shall govern.
[Added 1-7-2008]
R.
The maximum number of parking spaces allowed for any
use shall be 120% of the minimum requirements set forth in the following
sections.
[Added 1-7-2008]
S.
Where the required number of parking spaces is not
set forth for a particular use in the following sections and where
there is no similar general type of use listed, the Zoning Administrator
shall determine the number of spaces to be provided.
[Added 1-7-2008]
Minimum off-street parking spaces accessory
to the uses hereinafter designated shall be provided as follows:
A.
Dormitory, fraternity, sorority house or other residence
hall located off campus: one space per two sleeping accommodations
based on the occupancy load of the building, plus one additional space
for each housemother, manager or employee.
B.
Dwelling, single-family, detached: two spaces per
unit, provided that only one space must have convenient access to
a street.
C.
Dwelling, single-family, attached:
(1)
Two spaces per unit, provided that only one such space
must have convenient access to a street.
(2)
Plus one space, on- or off-street, per each three
units for visitors.
(3)
Plus one per each five units for parking of residents'
boats, recreational vehicles, etc. One-half of such spaces shall not
be less than 12 feet by 30 feet.
[Amended 1-7-2008]
D.
Dwelling, multifamily:
(1)
One and one-half (1 1/2) spaces per unit.
(2)
Plus one space, on- or off-street, per each three
units for visitors.
(3)
Plus one space per each five units for parking of
residents' boats, recreational vehicles, etc. One-half of such spaces
shall not be less than 12 feet by 30 feet.
[Amended 1-7-2008]
E.
Hotel or motel: one space per rental unit plus such
spaces as are required for restaurants, assembly rooms and affiliated
facilities, as determined by the Zoning Administrator.
F.
Mobile home/park: one and one-half (1 1/2) spaces
per unit.
G.
Nursing or convalescent facility: one space per three
residents plus one additional space for each employee.
H.
Tourist house, boardinghouse or rooming house: one
space for each guest accommodation consisting of one or more persons
in one vehicle.
Minimum off-street parking spaces accessory
to the uses hereinafter designated shall be provided as follows:
A.
Automobile service station: two spaces per bay plus
one space per employee, but never less than five spaces.
B.
Bowling alley: four spaces per alley plus one space
per employee plus such additional spaces as may be required herein
for affiliated uses such as restaurants.
C.
Business service or supply service establishment:
one space per 300 square feet of gross floor area.
D.
Car wash: four spaces per bay/stall plus one space
per employee of a self-service establishment; or one space per employee
plus sufficient area for 10 stacking spaces per bay/stall for an automated
establishment.
E.
Eating establishment: one space per four seats plus
one space per two employees where seating is at tables; and/or one
space per two seats plus one space per two employees where seating
is at a counter.
F.
Eating establishment (drive-in) with no seating facilities:
one space per 60 square feet of net floor area, with a minimum of
10 spaces.
G.
Financial institution with drive-in windows: one space
per 150 square feet of net floor area plus sufficient area for five
stacking spaces for the first drive-in window and two stacking spaces
per each additional window.
[Amended 1-7-2008]
H.
Financial institution: one space per 150 square feet
of net floor area.
[Amended 1-7-2008]
I.
Furniture or carpet store: one space per 400 square
feet of net floor area plus one space for each employee.
[Amended 1-7-2008]
J.
Medical or dental clinic: three spaces per examination
or treatment room plus one for each doctor and employee.
K.
Office: four and one-half (4 1/2) spaces per
1,000 square feet of gross floor area plus one space per company vehicle.
L.
Outdoor sales/display area other than vehicle sale,
rental or service establishments: one space per 500 square feet of
open sales/display area plus one space per employee.
M.
Personal service establishment: one space per three
seats or three persons based on the occupancy load plus one space
per employee.
N.
Recreational facility other than theater, auditorium,
stadium, bowling alley or swimming pool: one space per three seats
or three persons based on the occupancy load plus one space per employee.
O.
Repair service establishment: One space per 200 square
feet of gross floor area.
P.
Retail sales establishment except furniture or carpet
store: one space per 200 square feet of net floor area for the first
1,000 square feet plus six spaces per additional 1,000 square feet.
Q.
Shopping center: one space per 200 square feet of
gross floor area for the first 1,000 square feet plus six spaces per
each additional 1,000 square feet plus additional spaces, as required
herein, for associated offices and theaters.
R.
Swimming pool, commercial: one space per four persons
lawfully permitted in the pool at one time plus one space per employee.
S.
Theater, auditorium or stadium: one space per three
seats or similar vantage accommodation provided plus one space per
two employees.
[Amended 1-7-2008]
T.
Vehicle sale, rental and/or service establishment:
one space per 500 square feet of enclosed sales/rental floor area
plus one space per 2,500 square feet of open sales/rental display
lot area plus two spaces per service bay plus one space per employee,
but never less than five spaces.
U.
Wholesale trade establishment: one space per 1.5 employees
plus one space per company vehicle, but with a minimum of one space
per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area.
Minimum off-street parking spaces accessory
to the uses hereinafter designated shall be provided as follows:
A.
Manufacturing establishment or establishment for production,
processing, assembly, compounding, preparation, cleaning, servicing
and testing; repair or storage of materials, goods or products; and
business offices accessory thereto: one space per 1.5 employees on
major shift plus one space per company vehicle and piece of mobile
equipment.
B.
Scientific research and development establishment:
four and one-half (4 1/2) spaces per five employees based on
the occupancy load plus one space per company vehicle.
C.
Warehousing, heaving equipment storage yard, lumber
and building material yard, motor freight terminal or junkyard: one
space per 1.5 employees on major shift plus one space per company
vehicle plus sufficient space to accommodate the largest number of
visitors that may be expected at any one time, but with a minimum
of one space per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area.
Minimum off-street spaces accessory to the uses
hereinafter designated shall be provided as follows:
A.
Airport, air park or airfield: one space per employee,
plus one space for each vehicle used in connection with the facility
plus sufficient space to accommodate the largest number of vehicles
that may be expected at any one time.
B.
Ambulance service or rescue squad: adequate space
to accommodate all motor vehicles operated in connection with such
use plus two additional parking spaces per each such vehicle.
C.
Church, chapel, temple, synagogue or other place of
worship: one space per four seats in the principal place of worship,
provided that the number of spaces thus required may be reduced by
not more than 50% if the place of worship is located within 500 feet
of any public parking lot or any commercial parking lot where sufficient
spaces are available by permission of the owner(s) without charge
during the time of services to make up the additional spaces required.
D.
College or university: based on a review by the Zoning
Administrator of each proposal, including such factors as the occupancy
load of all classroom facilities, auditoriums and stadiums, the availability
of areas on site that can be used for auxiliary parking in times of
peak demand, but in no instance less than one space per faculty and
staff member and other full-time employee plus a sufficient number
of spaces to accommodate the anticipated number of students and visitors
who will drive to the institution at any one time.
E.
Cultural center, museum or similar facility: one space
per 30 square feet of gross floor area.
F.
Country club: one space per four members, based on
maximum anticipated membership.
G.
Funeral chapel: one space per three seats in the main
chapel or parlor plus one space per two employees plus one space for
each vehicle used in connection with the business.
[Amended 1-7-2008]
H.
Group day-care facility, day-care center, nursery
school, school of general education or school of special education:
two spaces per each three employees plus a sufficient number of spaces
to accommodate all persons who may be at the establishment at any
one time under normal operating conditions.
I.
Hospital: one space per two beds plus 1.5 spaces per
each emergency room examination table or bed plus one space per employee
on the major shift other than doctors plus one space per doctor assigned
to the staff.
J.
Institution providing intensive special medical/mental
care or welfare institution: one space per two patients, based on
the occupancy load, plus one space per employee or staff member on
a major shift.
K.
Library: one space per 2.5 patrons based on the occupancy
load plus one space per employee on a major shift.
L.
Private, civic or fraternal club or lodge: one space
per three members based on maximum anticipated membership.
M.
Public utility establishment: one space per 1.5 employees
on the major shift plus one space per company vehicle.
N.
School, elementary or intermediate: based on a review
by the Zoning Administrator of each proposal, including such factors
as the occupancy load of all classroom facilities, auditoriums and
stadiums, proposed special education programs and student-teacher
ratios.
O.
School, secondary: based on a review by the Zoning
Administrator of each proposal, including such factors as the occupancy
load of all classroom facilities, auditoriums and stadiums, proposed
special education programs and student-teacher ratios and the availability
of areas on site that can be used for auxiliary parking in times of
peak demand, but no less than one space per faculty and staff member
and other full-time employee plus one space per eight students, based
on the maximum number of students attending classes at any one time.
P.
Swimming pool, community: one space for every seven
persons lawfully permitted in the pool at one time plus one space
per employee, subject to a lesser number determined by the Zoning
Administrator in accordance with the number of members who are within
a reasonable walking distance of the pool.
Q.
Tennis club: four spaces per court plus such additional
spaces as may be required herein for affiliated uses, such as restaurants.
