In order to achieve the proximity necessary to make neighborhoods walkable,
it is important to mix land uses. A traditional neighborhood development should
consist of a mix of residential uses, a mixed-use area, and open space as
provided below:
A.
A mix of residential uses of the following types can
occur anywhere in the traditional neighborhood development. For infill development,
the mix of residential uses may be satisfied by existing residential uses
adjacent to the traditional neighborhood development.
(1)
Single-family detached dwellings, including manufactured
homes.
(2)
Single-family attached dwellings, including duplexes,
twinhomes, townhouses, row houses.
(3)
Multifamily dwellings, including senior housing.
(4)
Special needs housing, such as community living arrangements
and assisted-living facilities.
B.
Mixed-use area, of commercial, residential, civic or
institutional, and open space uses as identified below. All residents should
be within approximately 1/4 mile from existing or proposed commercial and
open space areas. Individual businesses should not exceed 6,000 square feet
in size. Specific uses listed are examples of compatible uses within the mixed-use
area. The Plan Commission may determine the compatibility of any other uses
within the area.
(1)
Commercial uses.
(a)
Food services (neighborhood grocery stores; butcher shops;
bakeries; restaurants, not including drive-throughs; cafes; coffee shops;
neighborhood bars or pubs).
(b)
Retail uses (retail stores and shops with a building
footprint not exceeding 5,000 square feet).
(c)
Services (such as day-care centers; music, dance or exercise
studios; offices, including professional and medical offices; barber; hair
salon; dry cleaning).
(2)
Residential uses.
(a)
Single-family attached dwellings, including duplexes,
townhomes, twinhomes, row houses.
(b)
Multifamily dwellings, including senior housing.
(c)
Residential units located on upper floors above commercial
uses or to the rear of storefronts.
(d)
"Live/Work" units that combine a residence and the resident's
workplace.
(e)
"Special needs" housing such as community living arrangements
and assisted-living facilities.
C.
Open space uses identified below should be incorporated
in the traditional neighborhood development as appropriate. Large outdoor
recreation areas should be located at the periphery of neighborhoods rather
than in central locations.
The number of residential dwelling units and the amount of nonresidential
development (excluding open spaces) shall be determined as follows:
B.
In mixed-use areas:
(1)
All dwelling units constructed above commercial uses
shall be permissible in addition to the number of dwelling units authorized
under this section. However, the total number of dwelling units shall not
be increased by more than 10%.
(2)
The total ground floor area of nonresidential development
uses, including off-street parking areas, shall not exceed 25% of the traditional
neighborhood development.
At least 20% of the gross acreage of the traditional neighborhood development
must be open space. Open space may include undevelopable areas such as steep
slopes, wetlands, parkways, median strips, and stormwater detention and retention
basins. At least 25% of the open space must be common open space dedicated
to the public for parkland. Ninety percent of the lots within the areas devoted
to mixed residential uses shall be within 1/4 mile from common open space.
The design and development of the traditional neighborhood development
should minimize off-site stormwater runoff, promote on-site filtration, and
minimize the discharge of pollutants to groundwater and surface water. Natural
topography and existing land cover should be maintained/protected to the maximum
extent practicable. New development and redevelopment shall meet the following
requirements:
A.
Untreated, direct stormwater discharges to wetlands or
surface waters are not allowed.
B.
Postdevelopment peak discharge rates should not exceed
predevelopment peak rates.
C.
Erosion and sediment controls must be implemented to
remove 80% of the average annual load of total suspended solids.
D.
Areas for snow storage should be provided unless the
applicant provides an acceptable snow removal plan.
E.
Redevelopment stormwater management systems should improve
existing conditions and meet standards to the extent practicable.
F.
All treatment systems or BMPs must have operation and
maintenance plans to ensure that systems function as designed.
A.
Block and lot size diversity. Street layouts should provide
for perimeter blocks that are generally in the range of 200 to 400 feet deep
by 400 to 800 feet long. A variety of lot sizes should be provided to facilitate
housing diversity and choice and meet the projected requirements of people
with different housing needs.
B.
Lot widths. Lot widths should create a relatively symmetrical
street cross section that reinforces the public space of the street as a simple,
unified public space.
C.
Building setbacks and standards. Setbacks and lot standards
within Traditional Neighborhood Districts shall comply with the following
chart:
|
Single-family
|
Duplex
|
Single-
family
attached
|
Multi-family
|
Mixed-use
| ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lot area, per unit (square feet)
|
Minimum
|
8,000
|
6,000
|
3,000
|
2,500
|
-
|
|
Maximum
|
20,000
|
10,000
|
10,000
|
6,000
|
-
| |
|
Lot width (feet)
|
Minimum
|
60
|
40
|
25
|
60
|
40
|
|
Front setback (feet)
|
Minimum
|
20
|
20
|
20
|
20
|
0
|
|
Maximum
|
40
|
40
|
40
|
40
|
20
| |
|
Side setback (feet)
|
Minimum
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
20
|
10
|
|
Rear setback (feet)
|
Minimum
|
25
|
25
|
25
|
25
|
25
|
|
Lot coverage
|
Maximum
|
45%
|
50%
|
60%
|
60%
| |
|
Impervious surface
|
Maximum
|
75%
|
(1)
Side setbacks. Provision for zero-lot-line single-family
dwellings should be made, provided that a reciprocal access easement is recorded
for both lots and townhouses or other attached dwellings, provided that all
dwellings have pedestrian access to the rear yard through means other than
the principal structure.
(2)
Front setbacks. Front setbacks shall be uniform within
each block.
(3)
Accessory buildings. All accessory buildings shall be
behind the main structure.
The circulation system shall allow for different modes of transportation.
The circulation system shall provide functional and visual links within the
residential areas, mixed-use area, and open space of the traditional neighborhood
development and shall be connected to existing and proposed external development.
The circulation system shall provide adequate traffic capacity, provide connected
pedestrian and bicycle routes (especially off-street bicycle or multi-use
paths or bicycle lanes on the streets), control through traffic, limit lot
access to streets of lower traffic volumes, and promote safe and efficient
mobility through the traditional neighborhood development.
A.
Types of systems.
(1)
Pedestrian circulation. Convenient pedestrian circulation
systems that minimize pedestrian-motor vehicle conflicts shall be provided
continuously throughout the traditional neighborhood development. Where feasible,
any existing pedestrian routes through the site shall be preserved and enhanced.
All streets, except for alleys, shall be bordered by sidewalks on both sides
in accordance with the specifications listed in Table 1. The following provisions
also apply:
(a)
Sidewalks in residential areas. Clear and well-lighted
sidewalks, three feet in width, depending on projected pedestrian traffic,
shall connect all dwelling entrances to the adjacent public sidewalk.
(b)
Sidewalks in mixed-use areas. Clear and well-lighted
walkways shall connect building entrances to the adjacent public sidewalk
and to associated parking areas. Such walkways shall be a minimum of five
feet in width.
(c)
Disabled accessibility. Sidewalks shall comply with the
applicable requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act.
(d)
Crosswalks. Intersections of sidewalks with streets shall
be designed with clearly defined edges. Crosswalks shall be well lit and clearly
marked with contrasting paving materials at the edges or with striping.
(2)
Bicycle circulation. Bicycle circulation shall be accommodated
on streets and/or on dedicated bicycle paths. Facilities for bicycle travel
may include off-street bicycle paths (generally shared with pedestrians and
other nonmotorized users) and separate, striped, four-foot bicycle lanes on
streets.
(3)
Motor vehicle circulation. Motor vehicle circulation
shall be designed to minimize conflicts with pedestrians and bicycles. Traffic
calming features such as "queuing streets," curb extensions, traffic circles,
and medians may be used to encourage slow traffic speeds.
B.
Streets.
(1)
Street hierarchy. Each street within a traditional neighborhood
development shall be classified according to the following (arterial streets
should not bisect a traditional neighborhood development):
(a)
Collector. This street provides access to commercial
or mixed-use buildings, but it is also part of the Village's major street
network. On-street parking, whether diagonal or parallel, helps to slow traffic.
Additional parking is provided in lots to the side or rear of buildings.
(b)
Subcollector (length greater than 1,000 feet). This street
provides primary access to individual residential properties and connects
streets of lower and higher function. Design speed is 25 miles per hour.
(c)
Local street (length less than 1,000 feet). This street
provides primary access to individual residential properties. Traffic volumes
are relatively low, with a design speed of 20 miles per hour.
(d)
Alley. These streets provide secondary access to residential
properties where street frontages are narrow, where the street is designed
with a narrow width to provide limited on-street parking, or where alley access
development is desired to increase residential densities. Alleys may also
provide delivery access or alternate parking access to commercial properties.
An association must be established and accept responsibility for ice and snow
control of alleys.
|
Table 1
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Attributes of Streets in a Traditional Neighborhood Development
| |||||
|
Collector
|
Subcollector
|
Local Street
|
Alley
| ||
|
Average daily trips
|
750 or more
|
250 to 750
|
Fewer than 250
|
Not applicable
| |
|
Right-of-way
|
76 feet
|
60 feet
|
50 feet
|
16 feet
| |
|
Auto travel lanes
|
Two 12-foot lanes
|
Two 10-foot lanes
|
Two 10-foot lanes
|
Two 8-foot lanes for two-way traffic
| |
|
Bicycle lanes
|
Two 4-foot lanes
|
None
|
None
|
None
| |
|
Parking
|
None (to be provided outside ROW)
|
Both sides, 8 feet
|
One side, 8 feet
|
None (access to individual drives and garages outside of ROW
| |
|
Curb and gutter
|
Barrier curb required (WISDOT Type A)
|
Surmountable curb required (WISDOT Type D)
|
Surmountable curb required (WISDOT Type D)
|
None
| |
|
Planting strips
|
Minimum 6 feet
|
Minimum 6 feet
|
Minimum 6 feet
|
None
| |
|
Sidewalks
|
Both sides, 5 feet minimum
|
Both sides, 4 feet
|
Both sides, 4 feet
|
None
| |
(2)
Street layout. The traditional neighborhood development
should maintain the existing street grid, where present, and restore any disrupted
street grid where feasible. In addition:
(a)
Intersections shall be at right angles whenever possible,
but in no case less than 75°. Low-volume streets may form three-way intersections
creating an inherent right-of-way assignment (the through street receives
precedence) which significantly reduces accidents without the use of traffic
controls.
(b)
Corner radii. The roadway edge at street intersections
shall be rounded by a tangential arc with a maximum radius of 15 feet for
local streets and 20 feet for intersections involving collector or arterial
streets. The intersection of a local street and an access lane or alley shall
be rounded by a tangential arc with a maximum radius of 10 feet.
(c)
Curb cuts for driveways to individual residential lots
shall be prohibited along collector streets. Curb cuts shall be limited to
intersections with other streets or access drives to parking areas for commercial,
civic or multifamily residential uses.
(d)
Clear sight triangles shall be maintained at intersections,
as specified below, unless controlled by traffic signal devices:
|
Intersection of
|
Arterial Minimum Clear Sight Distance
(feet)
| |
|---|---|---|
|
Local street and collector
|
120
| |
|
Collector and collector
|
130
| |
|
Collector and arterial
|
50
|
(e)
The orientation of streets should enhance the visual
impact of common open spaces and prominent buildings, create lots that facilitate
passive solar design, and minimize street gradients. All streets shall terminate
at other streets or at public land, except local streets may terminate in
stub streets when such streets act as connections to future phases of the
development. Local streets may terminate other than at other streets or public
land when there is a connection to the pedestrian and bicycle path network
at the terminus.
C.
Parking requirements. Parking areas for shared or community
use should be encouraged. In addition:
(1)
In the mixed-use area, any parking lot shall be located
at the rear or side of a building. If located at the side, screening shall
be provided as specified in the landscape and screening standards.
(2)
A parking lot or garage may not be adjacent to or opposite
a street intersection.
(3)
In the mixed-use area, a commercial use must provide
one parking space for every 500 square feet of gross building area.
(4)
Parking lots or garages must provide not less than one
bicycle parking space for every 10 motor vehicle parking spaces.
(5)
In the mixed residential areas, parking may be provided
on-site
(6)
Multifamily uses must provide one parking space for every
dwelling unit and 0.5 parking space for each additional bedroom.
(7)
Service access. Access for service vehicles should provide
a direct route to service and loading dock areas, while avoiding movement
through parking areas.
(8)
Paving. Reduction of impervious surfaces through the
use of interlocking pavers is strongly encouraged for areas such as remote
parking lots and parking areas for periodic uses.
A variety of architectural features and building materials is encouraged
to give each building or group of buildings a distinct character.
A.
Guidelines for existing structures.
(1)
Existing structures, if determined to be historic or
architecturally significant, shall be protected from demolition or encroachment
by incompatible structures or landscape development.
(2)
The U.S. Secretary of the Interior's Standards for
Rehabilitation of Historic Properties shall be used as the criteria for renovating
historic or architecturally significant structures.
B.
Guidelines for new structures.
(1)
Height. New structures within a traditional neighborhood
development shall be no more than two stories for single-family residential,
or three stories for commercial, multifamily residential, or mixed-use. An
accessory building shall not be taller than the primary structure.
(2)
Entries and facades.
(a)
The architectural features, materials, and the articulation
of a facade of a building shall be continued on all sides visible from a public
street.
(b)
The front facade of the principal building on any lot
in a traditional neighborhood development shall face onto a public street.
(c)
The front facade shall not be oriented to face directly
toward a parking lot.
(d)
Porches, pent roofs, roof overhangs, hooded front doors,
transom windows, or other similar architectural elements shall define the
front entrance to all residences. All porches must be at least four feet wide
and may not be enclosed.
(e)
For commercial buildings, a minimum of 50% of the front
facade on the ground floor shall be transparent, consisting of window or door
openings allowing views into and out of the interior.
(f)
New structures on opposite sides of the same street should
follow similar design guidelines. This provision shall not apply to buildings
bordering civic uses.
(3)
Guidelines for garages and accessory buildings. Garages
and accessory buildings may be placed on a single-family detached residential
lot, provided that the structures shall not exceed 864 square feet. The architectural
style of detached garages and accessory buildings must be compatible with
the primary structure.
(4)
Guidelines for exterior signage. A comprehensive sign
program is required for the entire traditional neighborhood development which
establishes a uniform sign theme. Signs shall share a common style (e.g.,
size, shape, material). In the mixed-use area, all signs shall be wall signs
or cantilever signs. Cantilever signs shall be mounted perpendicular to the
building face and shall not exceed eight square feet.
(5)
Guidelines for lighting.
(a)
Street lighting shall be provided along all streets.
Generally more, smaller lights, as opposed to fewer, high-intensity lights,
should be used. Street lights shall be installed on both sides of the street
at intervals of no greater than 75 feet. Street lighting design shall meet
the minimum standards developed by the Illumination Engineering Society.
(b)
Exterior lighting on all properties shall be directed
downward in order to reduce glare onto adjacent properties.
A.
Overall composition and location of landscaping shall
complement the scale of the development and its surroundings. In general,
larger, well-placed contiguous planting areas shall be preferred to smaller,
disconnected areas. Where screening is required by this chapter, it shall
be at least three feet in height, unless otherwise specified. Required screening
shall be at least fifty-percent opaque throughout the year. Required screening
shall be satisfied by one or some combination of a decorative fence not less
than fifty-percent opaque behind a continuous landscaped area, a masonry wall,
or a hedge. A hedge may consist of a contiguous line of deciduous shrubs.
B.
Street trees. A minimum of one deciduous canopy tree
per 40 feet of street frontage, or fraction thereof, shall be required. Trees
can be clustered and do not need to be evenly spaced. Trees should preferably
be located between the sidewalk and the curb, within the landscaped area of
a boulevard, or in tree wells installed in pavement or concrete. If placement
of street trees within the right-of-way will interfere with utility lines,
trees may be planted within the front yard setback adjacent to the sidewalk.
C.
Parking area landscaping and screening.
(1)
All parking and loading areas fronting public streets
or sidewalks, and all parking and loading areas abutting residential districts
or uses, shall provide:
(2)
Parking area interior landscaping. The corners of parking
lots, "islands," and all other areas not used for parking or vehicular circulation
shall be landscaped. Vegetation can include turf grass, perennial flowering
plants, vines, shrubs, or trees. Such spaces may include architectural features
such as benches, kiosks or bicycle parking.
(3)
Refuse collection and storage. Refuse collection and
storage areas must be located to the rear or side of the building and screened
from the adjoining property and public street.
D.
Installation and maintenance of landscaping materials.
(1)
All landscape materials shall be installed to current
industry standards.
(2)
Maintenance and replacement of landscape materials shall
be the responsibility of the property owner(s). Landscape maintenance should
incorporate environmentally sound management practices, including the use
of water- and energy-efficient irrigation systems such as drip irrigation,
and pruning primarily for plant health and public safety, mulching, and replacing
dead materials annually.
(3)
Materials. All plant materials must meet the minimum
standards set by the American National Standards Institute in ANSI Z60.1,
American Standard for Nursery Stock. Landscape species shall be indigenous
or proven adaptable to the climate, but shall not be invasive species. Plant
materials shall comply with the following standards:
(a)
Minimum plant size shall be as specified as follows [for
the purpose of determining tree trunk size, the diameter shall be measured
at breast height (dbh)]:
|
Plant Type
|
Minimum Size
| |
|---|---|---|
|
Evergreen tree
|
4 feet in height
| |
|
Deciduous canopy tree
|
2 inches caliper dbh*
| |
|
Small deciduous tree
|
1 1/2 inches caliper dbh*
|
(b)
Landscape materials shall be tolerant of specific site
conditions, including but not limited to heat, drought and salt.
(c)
Existing healthy plant material may be utilized to satisfy
landscaping requirements, provided it meets the minimum plant size specified
above.
(d)
Landscape materials that are used for screening shall
be of a size that allows growth to the desired height and opacity within two
years.
