A.
Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, when any building or structure is hereafter erected or structurally altered, or any building or structure is put into new use, parking shall be provided according to the requirements detailed in § 155-55, Chart B: Required Parking Spaces, or as required in subsequent sections of this article, unless such use is approved as a special exception subject to the provisions of § 155-101C. Parking spaces do not include vehicle storage spaces.
[Amended 5-9-2011 by Ord. No. 149]
B.
General guidelines.
(1)
Where fractional spaces result, the parking spaces
required shall be the next highest whole number.
(2)
The parking space requirements for a use not specifically
listed on the chart shall be the same as for a listed use with similar
characteristics of parking demand generation.
(3)
Where a building or premises is occupied by more than
one use, the parking spaces required shall equal the sum of the requirements
for each separate use.
(4)
Whenever a building or use constructed or established
after the effective date of this chapter is changed or enlarged in
floor area, number of employees, number of dwelling units, seating
capacity or otherwise, to create a need for an increase of 10% or
more in the number of existing parking spaces, such spaces shall be
provided.
A.
Each automobile parking space shall be not less than 162 square feet,
nor less than nine feet wide by 18 feet deep, with a twenty-five-foot
parking aisle. In addition, there shall be provided adequate interior
driveways and entrance and exit driveways to connect each public parking
space with a public right-of-way.
[Amended 1-13-2014 by Ord. No. 159]
B.
All such off-street parking facilities shall be so
drained as to prevent damage to abutting properties or public streets
and shall be designed and installed in accordance with the following
standards:
(1)
Maximum gradient between vertical transitions shall
be 1 3/4 inches per foot, 14%.
(2)
Parking spaces shall be installed with a maximum gradient
of 5/8 inch per foot, 5%.
(3)
Commercial, industrial and all other than detached
single-family driveways and parking areas shall be paved with a minimum
of six inches of concrete, six inches of bituminous concrete or six
inches of compacted gravel and two inches of bituminous concrete.
C.
All parking spaces shall be separated from walkways,
sidewalks, streets or alleys by curbing.
D.
In addition, all parking areas shall comply with the
following:
(1)
Screening in the form of a solid fence or shrubbery
shall be required to protect neighboring residences from all parking
lots hereafter constructed to contain 10 or more spaces. The location
and construction of such screening shall be approved by the Planning
and Zoning Commission.
(2)
Off-street parking facilities shall have adequate
drainage. The off-street parking areas shall be fully maintained and
not used for the sale, repair or dismantling or servicing of any vehicles,
equipment, materials or supplies.
(3)
Off-street parking spaces shall be separated from
public ways by a wall, fence or curbing or other approved protective
device or by distance so that vehicles cannot protrude over publicly
owned areas. All parking spaces, aisles, and turning areas shall be
located entirely within the served property’s lot lines and
shall not encroach upon or overhang any road, driveway, or other public
right-of-way.
[Amended 5-9-2011 by Ord. No. 149]
(4)
Parking spaces in lots of more than five spaces shall
be marked by painted lines or curbs or other means to indicate individual
spaces. Signs or markers shall direct traffic flow. Off-street parking
surfaces shall be maintained in good condition, and parking spaces
lines or markings shall be kept clearly visible and distinct.
[Amended 5-9-2011 by Ord. No. 149]
(5)
Adequate lighting of minimal glare shall be provided
if off-street parking spaces are to be used at night.
E.
Special study. Where § 155-55, Chart B: Required Parking Spaces, indicates, or where a landowner opts to prove that less parking than required is actually necessary, a special study may be required. Any such study shall be prepared at the expense of the landowner, and any Town expense for professional review of such study shall be borne by the landowner. Such study may not be required if the Planning Commission is satisfied that less parking than required in § 155-55, Chart B: Required Parking Spaces, is necessary to support the use or uses proposed.
[Added 5-9-2011 by Ord. No. 149]
(1)
Contents
of study. The special study shall be conducted by a transportation
planner or engineer that provides a peak parking analysis of at least
five similar uses. The similarity of the uses shall be documented
in detail, including location of the uses, size, transportation, use
restrictions, or other factors that could affect the parking demand.
(2)
Findings
and conditions. The Town may substitute or rely on the special study
for that specific property. The Planning Commission may require that
space be reserved or land banked for additional parking if it finds
that there is a high probability the use could change, thus requiring
the number of parking spaces in Chart B, Required Parking Spaces.
(3)
Mixed
uses and shared parking. Where a building is a mixed-use structure
or a shopping center, or where a combination of uses is such that
there are very different parking requirements in the same complex
or uses are designed to share parking areas, the off-street parking
requirements shall be calculated individually. However, it is understood
that the uses may have very different hours of operation and peak
parking demand hours. The Town desires to encourage the sharing of
parking and reduced impervious surfaces. Thus, where a reduced parking
need exists, the Town may reduce the number of spaces required. In
such cases, a special study shall be conducted by a transportation
planner or engineer that shall document the parking required for mixed
uses by reviewing peak parking demand times for uses during a twenty-four-hour
day and designing for the peak-hour demand. The study shall be prepared
at the landowner's expense and shall provide data on the following:
(a)
The recommended parking needs of the project.
(b)
The sensitivity of the proposed uses to change. For example, a center
with no restaurant could have significant changes in parking if a
restaurant was added.
(c)
The experience of similar mixes of uses in other areas of the community.
(d)
The degree of variability of parking for individual uses (average,
range, and standard deviation).
(4)
Reserved
space. The Planning Commission may require a reserved open area if
it is felt that the risk of parking needs changing over time warrants
reserved parking. Once the project is occupied and well established,
if there is a surplus of parking, the applicant may petition for additional
development capacity and parking using the reserved area.
(5)
Multiple
ownership. When the reduction is to be applied to uses on several
lots under different ownership, the following shall be met:
(a)
A plan that provides for interconnected lots; and
(b)
Places cross easements on the parking areas and connections that
permit parking by the different uses anywhere in the connected properties;
and
(c)
A pedestrian circulation system that connects uses and parking areas,
making it easy and convenient to move between uses.
F.
Landscaping. It is intended that the application of
the landscape standards set forth below will reduce the visual and
environmental impacts of large expanses of parking areas. Breaking
up of paved parking areas with plantings will provide improved aesthetics
and microclimatic benefits by reducing heat and glare. Parking facilities
with more than 10 parking spaces shall comply with the requirements
set forth below:
[Amended 5-9-2011 by Ord. No. 149]
(1)
Interior landscaping. For surface parking facilities,
at least 10% of the parking facility shall be permanently landscaped.
The net parking facility shall include the area occupied by parking
stalls, access drives, aisles, walkways, dead spaces and required
separations from structures, but shall not include required street
setbacks or access driveways or walkways within such setbacks.
(2)
Planting beds. All landscaping shall be contained
in planting beds. Each planting bed shall have a minimum area of 25
square feet and shall be enclosed by appropriate curbing or similar
device at least six inches wide and six inches in height above the
paving surface.
(3)
Plant materials. Surface parking shall contain at
least one tree for each five spaces of required parking. Each 10 spaces
shall require an interior planting bed island or median a minimum
of eight feet in width and 160 square feet in area. Fifty percent
of all interior parking aisles or bays shall end in a minimum eight-foot-wide
planting island. In addition to required trees, each planting bed,
island or median shall contain appropriate ground cover or shrubbery.
(4)
All
plant materials that die within two years from the date of installation
shall be replaced by the developer.
G.
Access
to parking areas and parking spaces.
[Added 5-9-2011 by Ord. No. 149]
(1)
Access
to parking lots. Parking lots shall be designed to prevent access
at any point other than at designated access drives.
(3)
Internal
maneuvering area. Parking areas shall provide suitable maneuvering
room so that vehicles enter the street in a forward direction, except
for single-family homes and duplexes.
H.
Access
to adjacent sites. Applicants for nonresidential developments are
encouraged to provide shared vehicle and pedestrian access to adjacent
nonresidential properties for convenience, safety and efficient circulation.
A joint-access agreement guaranteeing the continued availability of
the shared access between the properties and conveying with the land
shall be recorded by the owners of the abutting properties, as approved
by the Town Administrator.
[Added 5-9-2011 by Ord. No. 149]
I.
Parking
space and aisle width dimensions and design.
[Added 5-9-2011 by Ord. No. 149]
(1)
Parking
spaces and aisle dimensions shall be designed and constructed in compliance
with the minimum dimensional requirements shown in Figure P-2 and
Table P-1.
(2)
All
parking facilities shall comply with applicable federal and state
requirements for accessibility and usability for those with disabilities.
Spaces for those with disabilities may not be reduced in number or
size or provided on parking surfaces that may hinder their access
to any use.
Table P-1: Parking Space and Drive Aisle Dimensions
[Amended 1-13-2014 by Ord. No. 159] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Minimum Dimensions
| |||
Angle of Parking
|
Parking Space Depth
(feet)
|
Parking Space Width
(feet)
|
Aisle Width1
(feet)
|
0° (e.g., tandem or parallel parking)
|
24
|
8.62
|
12
|
30° to 45°
|
19
|
92
|
13
|
46° to 60°
|
21
|
92
|
18
|
61° to 90°
|
18
|
92
|
25
|
Note: The Town may require greater aisle widths where slopes
or other obstructions are encountered.
|
NOTES:
| |
---|---|
1
|
Drive aisles for 30° to 45° and 46° to 60° angled
parking shown in Figure P-2 and Table P-1 accommodate only one-way
traffic and must provide access and egress from separate ends of each
aisle.
|
2
|
Visibility. Drive aisles shall be designed and located so that
adequate visibility is ensured for pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorists
when entering individual parking spaces, circulating within a parking
facility, and entering or leaving a parking facility.
|
A.
Within the C-B, C-O and C-M Zoning Districts, where
practical difficulties, including the acquisition of property or undue
hardships, are encountered in providing off-street parking areas for
the premises, the Planning and Zoning Commission may recommend the
Town Council accept, in lieu thereof, a payment by the applicant to
offset the parking deficiency that would result. The amount of such
payment shall be determined by the Mayor and Council of Leonardtown.
The amount of such payment shall be based on actual costs of existing
available lots or estimates for design and construction of proposed
parking spaces, including the fair market value of the land. Fees
so paid shall be placed in a separate and sole account. The fee in
lieu is intended for use in the downtown area where public parking
would be available. (See map of downtown area, Attachment 3.).
[Amended 5-9-2011 by Ord. No. 149]
B.
Parking facilities paid for by applicants under this
section shall not be reserved for the use of each applicant but shall
be considered in the public domain, and the Town will not establish
a user charge in excess of the cost of annual maintenance.
One parking space must be provided per two marina
boat slips.
A.
For a shopping center of less than 50,000 square feet
of gross area, the required number of spaces shall be calculated according
to the particular types of tenants in the shopping center.
B.
For a shopping center of 50,000 square feet or more
of gross area, five parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross
area shall be provided.
C.
The following landscaping will be required for shopping
center parking lots:
(1)
Street frontage. A ten-foot-wide landscape strip wide
enough for a sidewalk between the right-of-way and parking lot with
a fence or wall two to four feet in height, or a berm 2 1/2 feet in
height with a slope not to exceed 25%, or a hedge of nondeciduous
species which shall be a minimum of two feet in height at the time
of planting to form a screen a maximum of 2 1/2 feet in height shall
be provided.
(2)
Interior landscaping. To break up the visual expansiveness
of lots and to reduce glare and heat, at least 5% of the interior
vehicular area must be landscaped. To achieve this objective, one
of the following alternatives must be utilized:
(a)
Provide a continuous landscape strip between
every four rows of parking. This should be a minimum of eight feet
in width to accommodate a low hedge and shade trees;
(b)
Create large planting islands (over 600 square
feet) to be located throughout the lot and planted with shade trees,
low shrubs and/or ground cover. These should preferably be located
at the ends of parking rows; or
(c)
Provide planting islands (a minimum of nine
feet wide) between every 10 to 15 spaces to avoid long rows of parked
cars. Each of these planting islands should provide at least one shade
tree having a clear trunk height of at least six feet.
(3)
Perimeter landscaping. An eight-foot-wide landscape
strip shall be provided around the perimeter of the lot, to be planted
with shade trees and low shrubs. A minimum of one shade tree per every
40 feet of lot perimeter shall be provided.
A.
It is intended that the application of the landscape
standards set forth below will reduce the visual and environmental
impacts of large expanses of parking areas. Breaking up of paved parking
areas with plantings will provide improved aesthetics and microclimatic
benefits by reducing heat and glare.
B.
Parking facilities with more than 10 spaces shall
comply with the requirements set forth below:
(1)
Interior landscaping. For surface parking facilities,
at least 10% of the parking facility shall be permanently landscaped.
The net parking facility shall include the area occupied by parking
stalls, access drives, aisles, walkways, dead spaces and required
separations from structures, but shall not include required street
setbacks or access driveways or walkways within such setbacks.
(2)
Planting beds. All landscaping shall be contained
in planting beds. Each planting bed shall have a minimum area of 25
square feet and shall be enclosed by appropriate curbing or similar
device at least six inches wide and six inches in height above the
paving surface.
(3)
Plant materials. Surface parking shall contain at
least one tree for each five spaces of required parking. Each 10 spaces
shall require an interior planting bed island or median a minimum
of eight feet in width. Fifty percent of all interior parking aisles
or bays shall end in a minimum eight-foot-wide planting island. In
addition to required trees, each planting bed, island or median shall
contain appropriate ground cover or shrubbery.
Parking requirements shall be as follows:
Spaces Required Per Use or Category
|
Basic Measuring Unit
|
---|---|
1- or 2-family dwelling
|
2 per dwelling unit
|
Multiple-family dwelling
|
2 per dwelling unit
|
Housing for the elderly
|
1.5 per dwelling unit
|
Church or temple, theater or place of assembly
|
1 per 4 seats or bench seating spaces in main
auditorium
|
Private recreation area
|
1 per 5,000 square feet of park area, plus 1
per 100 square feet of pool, if any
|
Private educational facility
|
1 per 10 seats in main assembly room and 1 per
classroom
|
Private club
|
1 per 5 members
|
Hospitals, sanitarium and nursing or convalescent
home
|
1 per employee and 1 per 5 patient beds
|
Tourist court, motel, motor lodge, motor hotel
or hotel
|
1 per sleeping room or suite
|
Rooming, boarding- or lodging house
|
1 per 2 sleeping rooms
|
Office or office building
|
1 per 300 square feet of floor area
|
Funeral home
|
1 per 3 seats in chapel
|
Restaurant, carry-out
|
1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area,
plus 1 space per delivery vehicle
|
Restaurant, fast-food
|
1 space per 50 square feet of gross floor area,
plus 5 stacking spaces per drive-through window
|
Restaurant, sit-down or other establishment
for consumption of food or beverages on the premises
|
1 per 100 square feet of floor area
|
Retail store or personal service establishment,
bank and shopping center
|
1 per 200 square feet of retail floor area
|
Furniture or appliance store, machinery, equipment
and auto-mobile and boat sales and ser-vice, food storage locker
|
1 per 300 square feet of retail floor area
|
General service or repair establishment, such
as printing, publishing, plumbing, heating
|
1 per employee on premises
|
Animal hospital
|
1 per 400 square feet of floor area
|
Manufacturing or industrial establishment
|
1 per 1 employee and 1 space for each truck
or other commercial vehicle
|
Child-care and day-care facilities
|
1 per employee, plus 1 per 6 children
|
Library, museum, historic institution
|
2 per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area,
plus 1 for each 4 employees
|
Detention centers
|
To be determined by the Planning Commission
|
Community colleges and/or institutions of higher
learning
|
1 per 4 students per design capacity
|