A.
Purpose.
(1)
The purpose of §§ 350-21 and 350-22, hereafter
collectively "the character-based zoning sections," is to facilitate
building and site improvements, new development, and public realm
improvements that are consistent with the City's goals for preservation,
enhancement, or transformation of various areas in the City as expressed
in:
(2)
The character-based zoning sections establish a range of zoning
standards based on established principles of urban design to ensure
cohesive design of:
(3)
The character-based zoning sections also have the following
purposes:
(a)
To increase flexibility for ground floor uses in selected mixed-use
districts.
(b)
To facilitate the evolution of uses over time, particularly
outside of the most central portions of downtown Northampton and Florence
Center.
(c)
To create more detailed design predictability for buildings,
landscaping, and site design.
(d)
To create more predictability for streetscape improvements required
within the sidewalk and tree belt area and to coordinate public and
private investments in these areas.
(e)
To streamline permitting by:
[1]
Reducing the number of projects subject to special
permits.
[2]
Providing explicit design standards so that applicants
and review boards know what is desired from project inception.
[3]
Shrinking the area subject to Central Business
Architecture Committee review to the historic core of downtown Northampton
while expanding the area that is subject to a more detailed review
of architecture via the existing site plan review process by the Planning
Board.
B.
Intent. When reviewing site plans and special permits, the permit
granting authority shall make a determination that projects meet the
following:
(1)
Projects are consistent with the goals of the Sustainable Northampton
Comprehensive Plan including by making the City increasingly more
walkable, bikeable, and transit-oriented; promoting a wide variety
of housing types; and recognizing the unique history and fostering
the desired character and function of each of Northampton's centers,
gateways, corridors, and neighborhoods.
(2)
Inclusion of urban design principles, embracing the following:
(a)
Use of buildings to shape outdoor spaces.
(b)
Demarcation of public, semipublic, and private space. Public
and semipublic space should be in view from buildings and the public
realm.
(c)
Building entrances oriented toward public streets and sidewalks
with clearly legible entrances.
(d)
Human-scale building and site design.
(e)
A rhythm, hierarchy, proportion, and interest at all levels
of building design.
(f)
Buildings located on corner lots should use design elements
that emphasize the importance of both streets.
(g)
Alignment of block face facades with consistent distances from
the street. The front setback may vary from its context when it fulfills
a specific urban design function, including creation of a pedestrian-oriented
space like a plaza, or to accentuate the prominence of a civic building.
(h)
Consolidation of off-street parking into shared lots and locate
them behind buildings. Minimize curb cuts.
(i)
Creation of a comfortable outside environment for people while
reducing demand for mechanical heating or cooling.
(3)
Creation of a public realm with high-quality streetscape, outdoor
amenity spaces, and active public spaces that enhance private development
and improve the functionality, attractiveness, and sustainability
of the City's centers, gateways, corridors and neighborhoods.
(4)
Support of commercial uses by facilitating development and redevelopment
of commercial spaces within supportive districts and corridors.
(5)
Alignment of public and private investments to create cohesive
places.
A.
Organization of the character-based zoning sections (§§ 350-21
and 350-22).
(1)
Section 350-21 establishes a general framework for character-based
zoning standards. It establishes a typology of character-defining
elements of the public and private realm and establishes standards
for those elements that are common to all character-based districts.
Section 350-22 establishes character-based districts and customizes
the standards presented in § 350-21 to the districts.
(2)
When used in §§ 350-21 and 350-22, the terms
"this section," "these sections," "character-based zoning sections,"
"character-based districts," "Downtown [Northampton] and Florence
[Village] Center Zoning" or similar shall refer to both sections in
their entirety, unless the context makes another meaning clear.
B.
Applicability.
(1)
The provisions of the character-based zoning sections apply
to all districts and uses designated as subject to character-based
zoning standards, unless otherwise specified.
(2)
Except where explicitly provided by § 350-9, the following
activities must hereafter comply with all applicable standards of
these sections:
(a)
Creation or modification of lots.
(b)
New construction of buildings and structures.
(c)
Reconstruction of buildings and structures.
(d)
Alteration of more than 60% of the exterior of a structure.
(e)
Any expansion of the gross floor area unless the Planning Board
finds, as part of site plan review, that the standard is not applicable
given the context of the existing conditions and the proposed alternative
meeting the intent of the standards.
(f)
The addition of six parking spaces or more.
(g)
Alteration of more than 60% of site other than routine maintenance
within a five-year period.
(h)
A use that triggers site plan and/or special permit approval.
(3)
In order to further the City's goals and objectives as expressed
by the Comprehensive Plan and in order to implement the intent of
this section, applicants may be required to bring the public realm
into compliance with the standards contained within these §§ 350-21
and 350-22.
(4)
The applicant may request a waiver from the Planning Board from
strict compliance with standards. The Planning Board shall grant the
waiver when it finds that due to unique site characteristics strict
compliance would create an undue burden and would be inconsistent
with the intent of this section or the standard is not applicable
given the context of the existing conditions.
(5)
The character-based zoning standards established in §§ 350-21
and 350-22 are the minimum necessary to meet the purpose and intent
of the sections.
(6)
The character-based standards in §§ 350-21 and
350-22 are in addition to other applicable standards of the Zoning
Chapter, including, but not limited to, § 350-7, Signs.
(7)
In case of any conflict between these §§ 350-21
and 350-22 and other provisions of this Zoning Chapter, these sections
shall control.
C.
Meaning and interpretation of text and graphics.
(2)
The term "guideline" is used for actions or built outcomes that
are strongly encouraged to fulfill the intent of specific sections
of this chapter. Guidelines are intended to guide the Planning Board
(and applicants) in its approval of new projects. They are also helpful
in guiding applicants in their particular design-development phase.
(3)
Examples are not intended to be an exhaustive list of all possible
built outcomes. Illustrations, graphics, and pictures included in
this section are provided for clarity, while specific dimensions called
out in diagrams are regulatory standards.
A.
Character-based zoning districts.
B.
Zoning Map. The character-based zoning districts are located and
bounded as shown on a map entitled ''Northampton Zoning Map,'' copies
of which are available on the City's website. The Zoning Map, with
all explanatory matter thereon, is hereby made a part of this Zoning
Chapter.
B.
Applicability. Standards in this section apply when a new building
is proposed and when a project will disturb elements in the public
right-of-way or on public property, or as a condition of plan approval
to show compliance with site plan approval standards.
D.
Dimensions and standards, overview.
(1)
Dimensions of public realm zones (Note: "Zone" is used here in its general meaning: an area of land with common characteristics. Public realm zones are not zoning districts.) within the public right-of-way. The applicable dimensions for public realm zones shall be determined on a case-by-case subject to Subsection D(1)(a) and (b) below.
(a)
Dimensions of the Vehicle Throughway will be determined by the
Department of Public Works on a case-by-case basis.
(b)
The district standards found in § 350-22 establish
minimum dimensions for the Furnishing and Utility Zone, the Pedestrian
Throughway Zone, and the Public Frontage Zone. Where there is insufficient
space to accommodate all of these zones within the existing right-of-way,
space shall be allocated to meet the minimum requirements for zones
in this order: Pedestrian Throughway, then Furnishing and Utility
Zone, then Public Frontage Zone.
E.
Vehicle Throughway.
(2)
Vehicle Throughway, design and construction.
(a)
A vehicle throughway on an existing street must be designed
and constructed in accordance with any relevant specifications established
by the Department of Public Works.
(b)
A vehicle throughway on a new street, or the functional equivalent
thereof, must be designed and constructed in accordance with any relevant
specifications in the Subdivision Regulations.
(c)
In the absence of official standards, throughways must be designed
and constructed according to standards deemed to be appropriate by
the City Engineer and the Planning Board.
F.
Furnishing and Utility Zone.
(1)
Overview.
(a)
The Furnishing and Utility Zone is the area of the sidewalk
where pedestrians might pause or rest on benches or cafe seating and
where many of the utilities, like lighting and hydrants, are located.
This is the area typically planted with street trees. The Furnishing
and Utility Zone varies in width.
(b)
Illustration of Furnishing and Utility Zone. The Furnishing
and Utility Zone is indicated with the number
3
in the illustration below.
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(3)
Surfacing. Unless otherwise specified in this chapter or in
specifications adopted by the Department of Public Works (DPW), the
Furnishing and Utility Zone must be surfaced with concrete and edged
with a granite curb on the street side. Pervious concrete unit paving,
per the specifications of the DPW, may be used over areas contributing
to street tree minimum recommended soil volumes. (See Street Tree
and Tree Pit Standards.[1])
[1]
Editor's Note: See § 350-21.10C.)
G.
Pedestrian Throughway Zone.
(2)
Required width. See Table of Character-Based Requirements at § 350-22. (Note: Also see § 350-21.1A.)
(3)
The Throughway Zone must remain clear of obstacles, and its
paving surface must be relatively level.
(4)
All new and reconstructed sidewalks must be accessible to and
usable by persons with disabilities in accordance with the Americans
with Disabilities Act and the Rules and Regulations of the Massachusetts
Access Board (521 CMR), as amended.
(5)
Pedestrian Throughways (sidewalks) must be constructed of cement
concrete that is four inches deep. Where a driveway crosses a sidewalk,
the sidewalk's cement concrete must be six inches deep.
(6)
Diagram of Pedestrian Throughway; dimensional standards.
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Dimensional Standards
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A |
Minimum width
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See Table of Character-Based Requirements at § 350-22.
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B |
Control joint maximum spacing
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1 control joint per 5 feet
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C |
Expansion joint maximum spacing
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1 expansion joint per 25 feet. Wherever possible, align control
and expansion joints with boundaries between sidewalk zones and facade
segments.
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Sidewalk depth
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4 inches typical conditions; 6 inches where a driveway crosses
a sidewalk
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H.
Public Frontage Zone.
(1)
Overview.
(a)
The Public Frontage Zone is the area between the Pedestrian
Throughway and the front lot line. The size and character of the Public
Frontage Zone varies widely depending on context. On narrow streets,
the Public Frontage Zone may be absent. On wide streets, the Public
Frontage Zone provides a transitional space for people who are entering
or exiting a building or pausing to read a menu or peer through a
shop window. The materials and design of the Public Frontage Zone
is often indistinguishable from the Pedestrian Throughway or the Lot
Frontage Zone. The zones differ in their functions and the public
realm components they can accommodate.
(b)
Illustration of Public Frontage Zone. The Public Frontage Zone
is indicated with the number
5
in the
illustration below.
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(2)
Required width. See § 350-22. (Note: An encroachment into the Public Frontage Zone may require a permit from the Department of Public Works or Massachusetts Department of Transportation per City Ordinance § 285-9.) [Note: Also see §§ 350-21.1A and 350-21.6B(2).]
(3)
Unless otherwise specified by the Department of Public Works,
the materials and construction of the Public Frontage Zone must match,
and be indistinguishable from, the Pedestrian Throughway.
(4)
Unless otherwise specified by the Department of Public Works, the standards found in §§ 350-21.5G(4) through 350-21.5G(6) shall apply.
I.
Lot Frontage Zone.
(1)
Overview. The Lot Frontage Zone includes the front portion of
a lot that abuts a public right-of-way. Though often private property,
the Lot Frontage Zone is a crucial part of the public realm. This
area shapes the public realm (both horizontally and vertically), helps
to define its character, and impacts how the public realm is perceived
by people. Functionally, the lot frontage area provides a transition
between the public realm and the private realm. It accommodates semipublic
or private outdoor spaces like plazas, dining terraces, and gardens
or yards. It also accommodates transitional spaces between indoors
and outdoors like shop fronts, porches or stoops.
(2)
The Lot Frontage Zone is made up of the combination of the build-to-zone
(Note: The build-to-zone (BTZ) is the area between the minimum front
setback and maximum front setback.) and the area (if any) between
the front lot line (also known as the "street line") and the minimum
front setback.
(a)
Diagram.
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(3)
The Lot Frontage Zone is measured perpendicular to the street line of any lot frontage. If the lot is on a street corner, lot frontage standards apply to both frontages. (Note: See § 350-21.6D for additional standards related to the Lot Frontage Zone.)
(4)
Illustrations of Lot Frontage Zone.
(a)
The Lot Frontage Zone is indicated with the number
6
in the illustrations below.
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(b)
The illustrations above show two uses of the Lot Frontage Zone
6
. The top image shows a building built to the
front lot line. The building occupies the Lot Frontage Zone. The bottom
image shows an outdoor seating area and garden in the Lot Frontage
Zone.A.
Lot dimensions.
(1)
Diagrams showing lot dimension terminology. (Note: See § 350-21.5I for an overview of the Lot Frontage Zone.)
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(2)
The build-to-zone is the area between the minimum and maximum
front setback. The build-to-zone is measured perpendicular to the
street line of any lot frontage. If the lot is on a street corner,
the build-to-zone applies to both frontages.
(3)
When a district requires a minimum percentage of open space
on a lot, allowed landscape components shall be counted toward the
minimum required open space.
(4)
All principal buildings and accessory structures must satisfy
any required minimum and maximum front, side, and rear setbacks except
as otherwise permitted by this section or elsewhere in this chapter.
(5)
Lot dimensions for the character-based zoning districts are
set for each district in § 350-22 below.
B.
Increased front setbacks to provide required Pedestrian Throughway
and/or Public Frontage Zone.
(1)
Where a lot abuts a Pedestrian Throughway with less than the required width, the minimum and maximum front setbacks shall be increased until the required width is provided. The resulting area shall be designed and constructed per the standards for a Pedestrian Throughway in § 350-21.5G. Providing public access to the area is encouraged, but not required.
(2)
Where a lot abuts a Public Frontage Zone with less than the
required width, the minimum and maximum front setbacks shall be increased
until the required width is provided. The resulting area shall not
contain any permanent structure that is greater than 18 inches tall,
other than seating. Providing public access to the area is encouraged,
but not required.
(3)
The Planning Board, by site plan approval, may approve alternative
means to meet Subsection B(1)and (2) immediately above when the Planning
Board finds that:
C.
Special permit to increase the maximum front setback. The Planning
Board may grant a special permit to increase the allowed maximum front
setback when it finds that:
(1)
The resulting front setback will be consistent with the pattern
of other front setbacks on the block face and the existing pattern
of front setbacks on the block face fulfills the design intent of
the district; and/or
(2)
The increased front setback will accommodate additional high-impact
pedestrian and/or open space amenities that are consistent with the
intent of the district.
D.
Use of the Lot Frontage Zone.
(2)
Any structure or use located in the lot frontage zone must meet
the standards of this section and/or relevant design standards or
guidelines adopted by the Planning Board.
(3)
District standards in § 350-22 below set a maximum
portion of the Lot Frontage Zone that can be occupied by a driveway
or parking.
(4)
Door swings and other building components located in the Lot
Frontage Zone must not obstruct the Pedestrian Throughway.
(5)
Driveways, parking spaces, passenger dropoffs, garage entrances,
loading and service areas are not permitted between the front of a
building and the street line.
(6)
Exhaust vents, mechanical equipment, utility boxes, long-term
refuse or recycling storage, and similar utility elements are not
permitted between the front of a building and the street line. When
located in the Lot Frontage Zone, these elements must be located and
designed in a manner that minimizes disruption of the use and visual
intrusion into the Lot Frontage Zone.
E.
Building frontage occupancy.
(1)
District standards in § 350-22 below establish a minimum
percentage of the width of a lot's street frontage within the build-to-zone
that must be occupied by a building. This is known as "building frontage
occupancy."
(2)
Building frontage occupancy is measured as a percentage determined
by dividing the length of the front facade of a building or buildings
on a lot
A
by the length of the street
frontage of the lot B
. Both lengths are
measured parallel to the street line.(a)
Diagram.
 |
(b)
The applicant may request that the Planning Board grant a waiver
from the building frontage occupancy standard by site plan approval.
The Planning Board may grant the waiver when it finds that:
[1]
A building's front facade has adequate length,
but the front facade is set back beyond the build-to-zone in order
to:
F.
Ground floor use limitation area.
(1)
Diagram of ground floor use limitation area.
 |
(2)
District standards below specify limitations on the allowed
use of the front portion of the ground floor of a building.
(3)
The ground floor use limitation area is measured from the front
facade of a building.
(4)
The ground floor use limitation area applies to any building
located in the Lot Frontage Zone. If no building on a lot is located
within the Lot Frontage Zone, it applies to the front-most building
on the lot.
(6)
Exceptions. The exceptions below apply to the ground floor use
limitation area.
(a)
Uses that are not allowed in the ground floor use limitation
area may nonetheless have access at the street line by an entrance
or entrances that lead to the upper floors of the building or to the
rear of the building.
(b)
Residential and other uses that are not open to the public are
allowed within a ground floor use limitation area, when:
[1]
The use is within a building that does not front
on a public way or public park maintained by the City. For the purposes
of this provision, rail trails and shared use paths will not be considered
public parks; or
[2]
The use is located within a building that is behind
another building that is located in the lot frontage zone; or
G.
District transitional buffer.
(1)
A district transitional buffer is required where a lot in a
character-based district abuts a residentially zoned lot.
(2)
The required width and screening height of a district transitional
buffer is found in the district standards.
(4)
See § 350-21.7C(4)for limitations on building heights
adjacent to a district transitional buffer.
H.
Setback encroachments. Where setbacks exist, the following encroachments
are allowed, provided that adequate clear height and space is maintained
for anticipated pedestrian or vehicular movement and activities, including
maintenance:
(1)
Cornices, belt courses, sills, buttresses and other architectural
features may encroach up to two feet.
(2)
Building eaves and roof overhangs may encroach up to three feet.
(3)
An awning, entry canopy, balcony or bay window may encroach
into a setback, provided that there is adequate space to maintain
the building component.
(4)
Unenclosed fire escapes, HVAC equipment, or emergency egress
stairways may encroach up to four feet into a required side or rear
setback, provided that at least two feet is maintained from any lot
line.
(5)
Mechanical equipment associated with residential uses, such
as HVAC units and security lighting, may encroach into a required
side or rear setback, provided that at least four feet of clearance
is maintained from any lot line.
(6)
Allowed landscape components may encroach into a required front
or side setback.
(7)
Structures below and covered by the ground may fully encroach
into a required setback.
(8)
Minor structures accessory to utilities, such as hydrants, manholes,
transformers, and other cabinet structures, may fully encroach into
a required setback.
(9)
Accessory structures and uses, such as driveways, fences and
walls, signs, and landscape buffers may encroach into a required setback,
except where specified in this Zoning Chapter.
(10)
Additional setback encroachments are allowed when specified
elsewhere in this chapter.
I.
Number of buildings on a lot. More than one principal building may
be built on a lot if the overall development satisfies the dimensional,
density, parking, building, and other applicable standards in the
character-based zoning §§ 350-21 and 350-22.
A.
Applicability and review of guidelines in this section.
(1)
All projects subject to site plan approval and/or special permit
shall comply with any design guidelines in this § 350-21
and any design guidelines adopted by the Planning Board in connection
with §§ 350-21 and 350-22. All other projects are encouraged
to comply with the aforementioned design guidelines.
(2)
When projects in the Central Business Core (CB-Core) District are subject to site plan approval, the Planning Board may hold a joint public hearing with the Central Business Architecture Committee (CBAC) to review the standards and guidelines in this § 350-21.7; and the Central Business Architecture Design Guidelines Manual (or the latest guidelines adopted pursuant to Chapter 156 of the City of Northampton’s Code of Ordinances).
B.
Building orientation on a lot.
(1)
Illustration.
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(2)
The primary facade of a principal building must be built generally parallel to a front lot line or to the tangent of a curved front lot line. On a corner lot, the facade may be retracted to emphasize a corner entry to a building, to allow for a landscape component, and/or to allow for safe sight distance at the corner. The requirements pertaining to corner visibility in § 350-6.8D may be reduced or waived by the Planning Board where the Planning Board in consultation with the City Engineer finds that a smaller triangle of clear sight visibility will be sufficient to maintain safe movement of vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians.
C.
Building height.
(2)
Ground floor elevation. Ground floor elevation is measured from
the average top grade of the edge of the sidewalk closest to the front
lot line to the top of the finished floor of the ground story of a
building.
(3)
Upper story stepback at front of lot.
(a)
District standards in § 350-22 set the maximum allowed
height of a building at the front lot line. Stories above that height
may go up to the maximum allowed building height if they are stepped
back the required distance from the front lot line designated in the
district standards in § 350-22.
(b)
Illustration.
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(c)
Upper story stepback standards augment maximum height requirements.
While a maximum height requirement states the tallest a building can
be anywhere on a lot, the upper story stepback standard further limits
the allowed building height on the front portion of a lot.
(d)
Upper story stepback standards do not supersede minimum or maximum
front setback requirements for required building stories.
(4)
Diagram of building height adjacent to a district transitional
buffer; dimensional standards.
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Dimensional Standards
| ||
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A |
Minimum setback
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The minimum setback (side or rear setback, depending on context)
or the minimum required transitional buffer, whichever is greater
|
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C |
Property line
| |
D.
Roofs.
(1)
Minimizing visual impact of large roofs.
(a)
A roof visible from a public way or public park must comprise
less than 1 1/3 of the visible area of the walls below it. Fenestrated
areas shall be included in the calculation of wall area. For the purposes
of this provision, rail trails will not be considered public parks
or public ways.
[1]
Diagram.
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(b)
A roof visible from a public way or park that is longer than
the thresholds set within district standards must incorporate one
or more of the following roof variations: a change of roof height
of at least one foot, a change of roof pitch of at least 2:12, or
change of the direction of roof pitch, or a dormer.
(c)
All pitched roofs must be designed and configured to prevent
the snow and ice from sliding onto any path, walkway, building entrance
or exit.
(2)
Mansard and gambrel roofs are only allowed on buildings with
three or more stories.
(3)
A building with a flat roof must include an architectural feature
that visually expresses the top of the building and distinguishes
the roof from the building’s uppermost story through use of
elements such as articulated parapets or a projecting overhang.
(4)
A gable roof must have a pitch between 6:12 and 12:12 and must be
symmetrically pitched.
(5)
A hip roof must have a pitch of 4:12 or greater and must be symmetrically
pitched.
(6)
A shed roof must have a pitch that is between 4:12 and 7:12.
(7)
Rooftop structures.
(a)
Mechanical equipment.
[1]
All rooftop mechanical equipment, including air
conditioning, piping, ducts, and conduits external to the building,
must be fully screened and positioned to minimize view from public
street level at the front facades.
[2]
Design guidelines. Screening should be incorporated
in a manner consistent with the overall architectural design of the
building, and may consist of parapets, screens, penthouse, latticework,
louvered panels, or other similar methods.
(b)
Wind turbines and wireless telecommunication equipment.
(c)
Solar collection devices that are placed on, or incorporated
into, a roof must be no more than 10 feet above the roof surface.
E.
Facades.
(1)
Diagrams of terms related to facades.
 |
(2)
Bays.
(a)
Articulation of bays for horizontally proportioned buildings.
A building that is more than twice as long
B
as it is tall A
must further articulate
architectural bays C
. This articulation may be achieved through the use of surface relief, change in material or color, shadow line, or another technique. [Note: Additional standards and guidelines related to bays apply to the CB-Core District. See § 350-21.7K(7).][1]
Diagram.
 |
(b)
Buildings more than 100 feet long. When a street-facing building
facade is longer than 100 feet, one or more architectural bays must
either recess or project from the average plane of the facade by at
least two feet. The resulting bays must be between six feet and 50
feet in width. The change in plane must extend the full height of
the facade.
(c)
Design guidelines. A street-facing building facade may be vertically
articulated with architectural bays between six feet and 50 feet in
width.
[1]
The width of architectural bays should be derived
from the building’s structural bay system or historic precedents
in the district, if applicable.
[2]
Pilasters, or other features defining each architectural
bay should either extend all the way to the ground or terminate at
any horizontal articulation defining the base of the building.
(3)
Blank wall area.
(a)
District standards in § 350-22 set a maximum allowed
blank wall area.
(b)
Blank wall area is any contiguous portion of a facade that does
not include fenestration (doors and windows) or surface relief. Any
wall areas that are less than five feet tall, less than five feet
wide are exempt from blank wall area limitations.
(c)
Blank wall area is measured separately for each floor.
(d)
Diagram.
 |
F.
Ground floor facade types.
(1)
This section establishes types of ground floor facades and design
guidelines and design standards for them. It applies to ground floor
facades that are located within the Lot Frontage Zone. District standards
in § 350-22 specify which ground floor facade types are
allowed in a district.
(2)
Design standards for all ground floor facade types.
(a)
Awning and canopies. See §§ 350-21.7I(3)and 350-21.7I(4).
(b)
Security elements. Security grills, gates, and roll-down security
doors and windows are not allowed except where such devices are at
least 50% transparent and located on the interior side of a window
or door.
(c)
Utility elements. Vents, ducts, permanent air conditioners,
and other utility elements are not allowed on a ground floor building
facade except where such elements are enclosed, camouflaged, screened,
obscured.
(d)
Drainage systems. If present, drainage systems must be architecturally
integrated into the design of the building facade.
(3)
Storefront.
(a)
Definition: a type of ground floor facade where the building
facade is aligned close to or at the street line with at-grade entries
for each ground level use. This type is commonly associated with retail,
service or hospitality uses. It is predominantly glazed and includes
a high level of design detail. It may include an awning or canopy
that may encroach into the Public Frontage Zone or Pedestrian Throughway
Zone.
(b)
Illustrative examples.
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(c)
Diagram and standards.
 |
|
Standards
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
A |
Ground floor glazing (minimum)
|
60%
|
|
B |
Height of bottom of ground floor window sill (minimum/maximum)
|
12 inches to 30 inches above average grade at facade
|
|
C |
Distance between fenestration (maximum)
|
3 feet
|
|
D |
Depth of recessed entryway (minimum)
|
3 feet
|
|
E |
Width of recessed entryway (maximum)
|
20 feet
|
|
Depth of unobstructed view behind ground floor windows (minimum)
|
4 feet1
| |
|
Required building components in front of front facade
|
N/A
| |
|
NOTE:
| |
|
1
|
The Planning Board may modify this requirement by site plan
review when unique characteristics of the use make an unobstructed
view into the ground floor infeasible or undesirable.
|
(d)
(Reserved)
(e)
Design guidelines.
[1]
Diagram.
 |
[2]
The diagram above shows typical elements of a storefront
on Main Street in downtown Northampton. Use of these elements is recommended
because it creates a consistency and legibility of storefront design.
[3]
Entrances. Where recessed entrances (or alcoves)
to ground floor spaces are provided, display windows, should wrap
around the recessed area on both sides of the entrance.
(4)
Commercial.
(a)
A type of ground floor facade where the building facade is aligned
close to the street line or is set back from it a small distance.
A commercial facade has substantial glazing on the ground floor, although
not as much as is typical of a storefront. The bottom sills of ground
floor windows may be higher than those in storefronts to provide a
degree of privacy.
(b)
Illustrative examples.
 |
 |
 | |
(c)
Diagram and standards.
 |
|
Standards
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
A |
Ground floor glazing (minimum)
|
50%
|
|
B |
Height of bottom of ground floor window sill (minimum/maximum)
|
—/3 feet above ground floor elevation
|
|
C |
Distance between fenestration (maximum)
|
8 feet
|
|
D |
Depth of recessed entryway (minimum)
|
—
|
|
E |
Width of recessed entryway (maximum)
|
20 feet
|
|
Depth of unobstructed view behind ground floor windows (minimum)
|
2 feet1
| |
|
Required building components in front of front facade
|
N/A
| |
|
NOTE:
| |
|
1
|
The Planning Board may modify this requirement by site plan
review when unique characteristics of the use make an unobstructed
view into the ground flood infeasible or undesirable.
|
(5)
Residential.
(a)
Definition: a type of ground floor facade where the building
facade is set back from the street line with an intervening porch,
stoop/ramp, or portico providing a transition between the public realm
and the private realm. A residential facade is often elevated above
the adjacent public realm. It includes at least one pedestrian entrance.
This type of facade is commonly associated with residential use, but
may also be used for commercial uses, especially in locations where
commercial and residential uses are in close proximity. A residential
facade has a moderate level of glazing.
(b)
Illustrative examples.
 | |
 |
 |
(c)
Diagram and standards.
 |
|
Standards
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
A |
Ground floor glazing (minimum)
|
20%
|
|
B |
Height of bottom of ground floor window sill (minimum/maximum)
|
—/3 feet above ground floor elevation
|
|
C |
Distance between fenestration (maximum)
|
12 feet
|
|
D |
Depth of recessed entryway (minimum)
|
—
|
|
E |
Width of recessed entryway (maximum)
|
12 feet
|
|
Depth of unobstructed view behind ground floor windows (minimum)
|
N/A
| |
|
Required building components in front of front facade
|
Porch, portico or stoop
| |
(d)
(Reserved)
(6)
Civic.
(a)
Definition: a ground floor facade type that is associated with
civic uses. Design characteristics of this type vary widely. Percent
of fenestration may be higher or lower than the other facade types.
The ground floor may be substantially elevated to accentuate the prominence
of the building. Setbacks vary widely but are typically large. The
entrance is quite prominent.
(b)
Illustrative examples.
 |
 | |
 |
 |
 |
(c)
Diagram and standards.
 |
|
Standards1
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
A |
Ground floor glazing (minimum)
|
—
|
|
B |
Height of bottom of ground floor window sill (minimum/maximum)
|
—
|
|
C |
Distance between fenestration (maximum)
|
—
|
|
D |
Depth of recessed entryway (minimum)
|
—
|
|
E |
Width of recessed entryway (maximum)
|
—
|
|
Depth of unobstructed view behind ground floor windows (minimum)
|
—
| |
|
Required building components in front of front facade
|
—
| |
|
NOTE:
| |
|
1
|
The design for a civic ground floor facade is subject to site
plan review.
|
(d)
(Reserved)
(f)
New buildings proposed with this facade type are allowed by
right with site plan review for the following uses:
[1]
Religious and educational uses protected by MGL
c. 40A, § 3.
[2]
Publicly accessible government use.
[3]
Publicly accessible library.
[4]
Publicly accessible museum.
[5]
Publicly accessible nonprofit community center.
[6]
Publicly accessible nonprofit arts or cultural
use.
[7]
Public transit station.
(g)
This facade type for new construction is subject to a special
permit with site plan review from the Planning Board for any use that
is not listed above. In granting a special permit for this facade
type the Planning Board must find that:
G.
Ground floor pedestrian entrances.
(1)
Each building must have at least one pedestrian entrance. It
must be located on the front facade of a building, provide both ingress
and egress, and be operable during normal hours of operation of the
use.
(2)
A separate front-facing, ground floor pedestrian entrance must
be provided for each ground floor commercial space that has frontage
in a building.
(a)
The applicant may request that the Planning Board grant a waiver
to allow a shared front-facing entry for more than one commercial
space. The Planning Board may grant the waiver when it finds that:
(3)
Pedestrian entrance spacing.
(a)
Diagram.
 |
(b)
The distance between pedestrian entrances
A
on street-facing facade of a building must not exceed the
distance specified for the district.(c)
The spacing is measured as the distance between the edge of
a door to the edge of the next door along the facade.
(d)
The spacing must be met for each building individually,
(e)
The spacing does not apply to the distance to a pedestrian entrance
on an adjacent or abutting building, unless both buildings are part
of a common plan of development.
(f)
A minimum of 50% of a required entrance must be glazed.
H.
Fenestration.
(1)
A minimum portion of a building facade must have fenestration
(windows and doors). The portion is calculated as a percentage of
the total area of the facade for each story independently.
(a)
Fenestration requirements are only applicable to facades facing
a street.
(b)
Fenestration may be included in the calculation only if the
glazing meets the following criteria:
(c)
Diagram and standards.
 |
|
Dimensional Standards for Measuring Fenestration
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
A |
Ground floor fenestration, bottom of measured area
|
Storefront: 1 foot above the average grade of the adjacent Pedestrian
Throughway or Public Frontage Zone
|
|
Other ground floor facade types: 2 feet, measured as above
| ||
|
B |
Ground floor fenestration, top of measured area
|
12 feet above the average grade of the adjacent Pedestrian Throughway
or Public Frontage Zone
|
|
C |
Upper floor fenestration, measured area
|
Top of finished floor to the bottom of the finished floor above
|
|
D |
Top floor fenestration, measured area
|
Top of finished floor to the bottom of the wall plate above
|
(2)
Design guidelines for street-facing fenestration in all character-based
districts.
(a)
Window glass and doors in walls with masonry cladding should
be recessed from the exterior wall plane of the facade by at least
two inches.
(b)
Fenestration should generally align vertically within each bay
and horizontally across each story of a building. Alternative alignments
may be approved by the Planning Board in buildings that create new
architectural character.
(c)
The variety of window and door sizes and proportions should
be limited. Generally, no more than five different sizes or shapes
of windows and doors should be used on a building facade.
I.
Building components.
(1)
Building components are allowed in the Lot Frontage Zone subject
to the character-based district standards in § 350-22.
(2)
Encroachment of building components into public space. With
approval of the Department of Public Works, an awning, entry canopy,
balcony or bay window may encroach into a public right-of-way or other
public space if there is adequate vertical clearance for anticipated
vehicle and pedestrian movement. (Note: The encroachment may require
a permit from the Department of Public Works or Massachusetts Department
of Transportation.)
(3)
Awning.
(a)
Definition: a lightweight, wall-mounted, pitched covering extending
from a building to provide shade and weather protection for pedestrians.
(b)
Illustration.
 |
(c)
An awning must be securely attached to, and supported by, the
building and secured such that it does not permanently impact the
architectural elements of the building.
(4)
(5)
Balcony.
(a)
Definition: a platform with a railing mounted on the exterior
of the upper story of a building. A balcony is accessible from the
building's interior.
(b)
Illustration.
 |
(c)
A balcony may be recessed, projecting, a combination of the
two, or attached to the roof of a portico, porch, or bay.
(d)
A balcony must not be fully enclosed by walls.
(8)
Gallery.
(a)
Definition: a structure attached to the front facade of a building
that is supported by columns. It provides outdoor space adjacent to
the public realm. It may be more than one story, but it may not be
enclosed on more than three sides. The space between the columns and
the front facade is deep enough to allow for pedestrian passage along
the building facade.
(b)
Illustration.
 |
(c)
Exterior stairs to a gallery may not be located in the Lot Frontage
Zone.
(d)
A gallery may not encroach into the public right-of-way.
(9)
Porch.
(a)
Definition: a structure that sits in front of the front facade
of a building that provides for transitional space between the public
realm and the building's entrance. A porch is covered from the elements.
It may be elevated or at ground level. The front of a porch is open
to the elements. Often the sides are open to the elements too. A porch
does not provide habitable space.
(b)
Illustration.
 |
(c)
The floor area of a porch must be at least six feet by eight
feet.
(d)
An upper story porch may be stacked on a lower story porch.
An external staircase or ramp to reach an upper story porch is not
allowed within the Lot Frontage Zone.
(e)
A porch may not encroach into the public right-of-way.
(10)
Stoop, portico, or lightwell.
(a)
Definition: a structure that sits in front of the front facade
of a building, or is recessed within it, that accommodates a grade
change between ground level and the floor elevation of a building.
It has a landing and stairs and/or a ramp. It may be above or below
grade.
(b)
Illustrations.
 |
(c)
The landing must be fully covered by an awning or an entry canopy,
or by being recessed into the building.
(d)
The floor area of the landing must be at least five feet by
five feet.
(e)
A stoop or portico may not encroach into the public right-of-way.
J.
Building type. (Reserved)
K.
Additional building design standards and guidelines for the CB-Core District. [Note: This section is also used by the Central Business Architecture Committee (CBAC) for review under Chapter 156.]
(1)
Purpose: to ensure that building renovations and new construction
are consistent with the historic character of the CB-Core District.
(2)
The following design standards and guidelines are in addition
to those found elsewhere in these sections.
(3)
Projects in other districts are encouraged, but not required,
to follow these standards and guidelines.
(4)
Variations in the following design standards and guidelines for the CB-Core may be approved by the CBAC in accordance with Chapter 156 when the CBAC determines that alternatives proposed contribute to the vitality of the overall character of the district and fulfill the intent of the district.
(5)
Roofs; additional design standards.
(b)
Flat roofs.
[1]
A flat roof must be surrounded on all sides by
an articulated parapet that acts as a structural expression of the
building facade and its materials. The parapet must be a minimum of
two feet in height and a maximum of six feet in height, measured from
the top of the roof joists to the top of the parapet.
[2]
Any facade of a building with a flat roof that
fronts on a public way must include a cornice that has a design and
dimensions that are consistent with historic precedents in the CB-Core
District.
(6)
Facade proportions; additional design guidelines. A building
facade should be primarily composed of vertical proportions, whether
in part or whole. Vertical proportions should be used in bays, window
and door openings, and elements that convey vertical structural support.
Horizontal proportions, though secondary, should balance vertical
proportions. Horizontal proportions should be used to demarcate transitions
between stories of the building, and in elements that convey horizontal
structural support.
(7)
Facades, bays; additional design standards and guidelines.
(a)
Design guidelines. Bays should have an easily recognizable pattern
of scale and repetition. An equal, central, or end articulated facade
composition is recommended.
 |
(b)
Articulation of bays for horizontally proportioned buildings.
A building that is more than twice as long
B
as it is tall A
must further articulate
architectural bays C
:[1]
In the CB-Core District, the use of vertical dividing
pilasters that are at least 12 inches wide and that project from the
wall by at least four inches is recommended. The CBAC may accept an
alternative method for articulating bays when it finds the method
will provides equal or greater visual separation of bays.
[2]
Diagram.
 |
(8)
Surface relief with architectural features; additional design
guidelines. A street-facing building facade should provide surface
relief through the use of some of the following: bay windows, cladding,
columns, corner boards, cornices, door surrounds, moldings, pilasters,
sills, sign bands, windows, or other equivalent architectural features
that either project or recess from the surface of a facade by 3/4
of an inch or more.
(9)
Horizontal articulation; additional design guidelines.
(a)
Building facades should be horizontally articulated with a clearly
defined base, middle, and top.
(b)
Diagram.
 |
(c)
Materials appearing heavier in weight should be used for the
building's base, with materials appearing similar or lighter in weight
used above.
(d)
When a building is two stories or taller, the following guidelines
apply:
[1]
The bottom story of a facade, or the bottom two
stories if the building is five stories or more, should visually support
assumed vertical building loads. The base should be visually differentiated
from the stories above by a belt course, horizontal expression line,
or cornice and include a change in color, building material, or pattern
of fenestration.
[2]
The central portion of each facade should be visually
integrated as an expression of the building's middle. The middle should
be visually differentiated from the base and top by a belt course,
horizontal expression line or cornice and include a change in color,
building material, or pattern of fenestration.
[3]
The top of a building should visually terminate
the building and protect it from the elements through the use of a
cornice, overhanging roof, or change in massing.
[4]
When a building is five stories or more, the top
story should be articulated by a belt course, horizontal expression
line, or a change in color, building material, or pattern of fenestration.
The expression line typically occurs at or below the bottom sill of
the top floor windows. Typically, the top row of windows is shorter
than windows on the floors below and/or a different shape.
 |
 |
(10)
Street-facing windows;
additional design standards.
(a)
Window openings must correspond to interior spaces and not span
across an interior floor or wall.
(b)
Repetitive openings must be proportioned so that the height
is between 1.67 and three times the width. The following windows are
exempt from this restriction:
[1]
Basement and attic windows.
[2]
Storefront windows.
[3]
Top floor windows on buildings with more than two
stories, as long as the height to width ratio of each window is at
least 1:1.
[4]
Street-facing windows; additional design standards.
[a]
Window openings must correspond to interior spaces
and not span across an interior floor or wall.
[b]
Repetitive openings must be proportioned so that
the height is between 1.67 and three times the width. The following
windows are exempt from this restriction:
[i]
Basement and attic windows.
[ii]
Storefront windows.
[iii]
Top floor windows on buildings with more than
two stories, as long as the height to width ratio of each window is
at least 1:1.
[iv]
Single focal architectural features, such as a
door opening, a bay window or a feature window, as long as the height
to width ratio of the feature is at least 1:1.
[5]
Single focal architectural features, such as a
door opening, a bay window or a feature window, as long as the height
to width ratio of the feature is at least 1:1.
(11)
Street-facing upper floor windows: additional design standards.
(b)
Upper floor windows must follow a symmetrical pattern with a
consistent system of window proportions and spacing. An application
to CBAC or for site plan review must include an annotated drawing
of the building facade that explains the geometric system underlying
the placement and proportions of windows.
(c)
All repetitive window openings on an upper floor of a building
must be the same size and shape and must be horizontally aligned.
(d)
Individually placed and evenly spaced windows.
[1]
Diagram and dimensional standards.
 |
|
Dimensional Standards
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
A |
Window width, recommended
|
2 feet to 3 feet
|
|
B |
Window separation (maximum)
|
1.25 x
A |
|
C |
Distance between edge of window and edge of building (maximum)
|
1.25 x
A |
(e)
Grouped windows.
[1]
Diagram and dimensional standards.
 |
|
Dimensional Standards
| ||
|
A |
Window width, recommended
|
2 feet to 3 feet
|
|
B |
Window separation (maximum)
|
A /2 |
|
C |
Distance from between window groups or between window and edge
of building (maximum)
|
6 feet
|
(f)
Ganged windows.
[1]
Diagram and dimensional standards.
 |
|
Dimensional Standards
| ||
|
A |
Width of a window component within a ganged window unit, recommended
|
2 feet to 3 feet
|
|
B |
Width of ganged window unit (maximum)
|
2 x
A or 6 feet |
|
C |
Separation between ganged window units (maximum)
|
1.25 x
A , if gangs are evenly spaced |
|
A /2, if gangs are grouped | ||
|
D |
Distance from edge of building, grouped window (maximum)
|
6 feet
|
A.
Standards for landscape components in the Lot Frontage Zone.
(2)
Landscape components are subject to any relevant design standards
adopted by the Planning Board.
(3)
See § 350-21.6H(6) above regarding permitted encroachments into required front setbacks for landscape frontage types.
(4)
Any landscape space intended for public access must be accessible
to, and usable by, persons with disabilities in accordance with the
Americans with Disabilities Act and the Rules and Regulations of the
Massachusetts Architectural Access Board (521 CMR), as amended.
(5)
Landscape components may include seating, landscaping, cafes,
and/or outdoor display areas for public or private use so long as
the space is accessible and meets ADA standards.
(6)
The maximum allowed height difference between the average grade
along a lot's street line and the topmost point of a terrace in the
lot frontage zone is four feet.
B.
Sidewalk extension.
(1)
Diagram.
 |
|
Key to Diagram
| |
 |
Street line
|
(2)
A sidewalk extension is a linear paved area running along the
lot frontage adjacent to a public sidewalk in the Public Frontage
Zone or Pedestrian Throughway Zone.
(a)
A sidewalk extension must meet and match the grade of the abutting
public sidewalk.
(b)
A sidewalk extension must be constructed of materials with equivalent
durability to cement concrete that is four inches deep. Where a driveway
crosses a sidewalk extension, the sidewalk extension must be constructed
of materials with equivalent durability to cement concrete that is
six inches deep.
D.
Front yard, terrace or garden.
E.
Landscape path. A landscape path may provide additional pedestrian
circulation to cement concrete walks and must be:
F.
Front ramp.
(1)
Diagram.
 |
|
Key to Diagram
| |
|
|
Street line
|
(2)
Site design must avoid the use of front ramps where practicable
by, for example: minimizing the grade change between a public sidewalk
and a building's ground floor elevation; or by providing walkways
with a slope of less than 5%.
(3)
A front ramp must incorporate at least one change in direction
of travel of at least 45° after every 30 feet of running length.
(4)
A front ramp may be freestanding or incorporated into a terrace,
a building, or another structure.
(5)
A railing on a front ramp must be at least 50% visually transparent.
(6)
The sidewall of a ramp that runs parallel to the street, or
at an angle that is less than 90° to the street, and that is more
than 18 inches tall, must be screened with vegetation, public seating,
or other allowed public realm elements.
G.
Fence or landscape wall.
(1)
Any fence or wall in the landscape frontage zone that is greater
than 18 inches and less than 50% transparent must be screened with
vegetation, public seating, or other allowed public realm elements.
(3)
The applicant may request that the Planning Board grant a waiver from the requirements in § 350-21.8G(1) above.
H.
Buffer landscaping.
(1)
Diagram of buffer landscaping; dimensional standards for buffer
landscaping.
 |
|
Dimensional Standards for Buffer Landscaping
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
A |
Buffer width (minimum)
|
See district standards.
|
|
B |
Screening height (minimum)
|
See district standards.
|
(2)
(Reserved)
(3)
Design standards.
(a)
A buffer must entirely obstruct views from one side of the buffer
to the other side up to the required minimum screening height.
(b)
At the time of occupancy of the lot, vegetation in the buffer
must block views up to three-fifths of the required height.
(c)
A buffer may include earthworks, preexisting or new vegetation,
fences and/or walls.
[1]
Design guidelines. Where possible, existing trees
and noninvasive vegetation should be preserved to reduce the need
for additional planting.
(d)
Buffer plantings must be a mix of heights and habits upon maturity
such that vegetation fills all vertical and horizontal layers of the
buffer zone up to the required screening height.
(e)
A majority of the plants shall be native or naturalized species
or noninvasive exotic species. Plants selected shall be suitable for
the given site conditions (soil, moisture, pollution, light) to minimize
the need for irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticides.
(f)
Buffer plantings must fulfill one or more of the following additional
functions: green stormwater management; providing habitat for native
wildlife; or providing visual interest through harmony and variation
of the size, shape, color and/or texture of plants and/or their leaves,
flowers, seed heads, fruits, stems and bark.
(g)
All plants must be maintained by the owner or occupants to provide
a visually impervious screen year-round. All landscaping must be maintained
in a healthy growing condition, neat and orderly in appearance, and
free of refuse and debris.
(h)
All plantings must be arranged and maintained to allow sight
distance needed for safe walking, or safe operation of a motor vehicle
or bicycle.
(i)
Design guidelines. A mix of deciduous and evergreen plants is
recommended. A mix of trees, shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and tall
grasses is recommended.
(j)
Where a buffer includes a wall or fence that is the required
screening height, the required width of the buffer is reduced by half.
The fence or wall must:
[1]
Be sight-impervious.
[2]
Provide at least as much noise mitigation as the
vegetated buffer area that is allowed to be reduced.
[3]
Be constructed of substantial natural materials,
including wood, stone, or metal. Chain-link fence is not allowed.
[4]
Have the finished side facing out [i.e., facing
the street or abutting lot(s)].
[5]
Be maintained in good condition by the owner or
occupants of the lot.
(4)
Additional standards for district transitional buffers.
(a)
Waiver. The applicant may request that the Planning Board grant
a waiver from the height and width requirements of a district transitional
buffer. The Planning Board may grant the waiver when it finds that:
[1]
The requirements are not necessary to create a
compatible transition with the adjacent lot. In making its decision,
the Planning Board shall consider whether:
(5)
Additional standards for parking buffers.
(a)
A parking buffer must include at least one tree for every 25
feet of buffer along the lot's frontage.
(b)
The tree must comply with design standards for street trees
set forth in this section.
(c)
Trees shall be selected from the City of Northampton's tree
planting guidelines.
(d)
A wall or fence must be not more than 3 1/2 feet tall within
five feet of the front lot line or not more than five feet tall beyond
this point.
(e)
Waiver. The applicant may request that the Planning Board grant
a waiver to allow deviation from the required buffer requirements
including width and screening height. The Planning Board shall grant
the waiver when it finds:
B.
Green infrastructure types. Green infrastructure types in the table below shall be defined and designed according to the Massachusetts Stormwater Handbook, which shall be superseded by Northampton's Chapter 281, Stormwater Management Ordinance, or any regulations pursuant thereto.
C.
Allowed locations. The following table establishes where green infrastructure
types are allowed and encouraged. Bullets indicate where green infrastructure
is allowed.
|
Green Infrastructure Type
|
Furnishing and Utility Zone
|
Pedestrian Throughway
|
Public Frontage Zone
|
Lot Frontage Zone
|
Building
|
Lot Interior
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Tree box filter
|
•
|
•
|
•
| |||
|
Stormwater planter
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
| ||
|
Bioretention, rain garden, bioswale
|
•
|
•
|
•
| |||
|
Subsurface infiltration chamber
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
| |
|
Pervious pavement, permeable pavers
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
| |
|
Green wall
|
•
|
•
|
•
| |||
|
Green roof
|
•
|
•
| ||||
|
Cistern
|
•
|
•
| ||||
|
Gray water reuse
|
•
|
•
|
A.
Applicability of standards for public realm components.
(1)
The applicant must bring a public realm component into compliance
with the standards of this section when the component the applicant
proposes will disturb an existing one, or an upgrade of the component
is required by the Planning Board as a condition of plan approval
in order to meet the standards within the site plan approval criteria.
(2)
The applicant may request that the Planning Board grant a waiver
from strict compliance with specific public realm component standards.
The Planning Board shall grant the waiver when it finds that due to
unique site characteristics strict compliance would create an undue
burden or would not further the intent of this section.
B.
Public realm components and public realm zones.
(1)
Typical location. The second through fifth columns of the table
below establish which public realm components are allowed in each
public realm zone. When a component is allowed it is indicated by
a "•" symbol.
(2)
Table: Typical Locations of Public Realm Components in Public
Realm Zones.
|
Public Realm Component
|
Vehicle Throughway
|
Furnishing and Utility Zone
|
Pedestrian Throughway Zone
|
Public Frontage Zone
|
Lot Frontage Zone
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
DPW design and construction standards compliance
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
|
Bicycle facilities
|
•
| ||||
|
Crosswalks
|
•
| ||||
|
On-street parking lanes
|
•
| ||||
|
Curb extensions
|
•
| ||||
|
Bus facilities
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
| |
|
Utilities
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
|
Parklets
|
•
|
•
| |||
|
Landmarks and public art
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
| |
|
Green infrastructure
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
|
Street trees and tree pits
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
| |
|
Public seating
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
| |
|
Bicycle parking
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
| |
|
Driveway and alley crossings
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
•
|
|
Sidewalks
|
•
|
•
|
•
| ||
|
Outdoor cafe seating
|
•
|
•
|
•
| ||
|
Outdoor retail displays
|
•
|
•
| |||
|
Landscape components
|
•
|
•
|
C.
Street trees and tree pits.
(1)
New street trees must be planted within the Furnishing Zone
to fill any gaps greater than 25 feet long between existing street
trees. The applicant may request that the Planning Board grant a waiver
from this requirement. The Planning Board shall grant the waiver if
the DPW and City Tree Warden determine the requirement is not feasible.
(2)
Planting locations and standards specified by the City's Tree
Warden must be followed.
(3)
Street trees must be planted in the Furnishing and Utility Zone
unless there is insufficient space as determined by the City's Tree
Warden. In this case, the trees must be planted in the Public Frontage
Zone or the Lot Frontage Zone as close to the Pedestrian Throughway
as is feasible.
(4)
The soil area around a street tree must be protected from compaction
due to foot traffic in accordance with standards given by the Tree
Warden.
D.
Public seating.
(1)
Ample public seating is an essential component of Northampton's
public realm. Public seating can take a variety of shapes, including
chairs, benches, seating walls, or low tables.
(2)
Illustrative examples of public seating.
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 |
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(3)
Any seating within the Furnishing and Utility Zone, or the Public
Frontage Zone will be considered public seating. Public seating must
be available for public use and must comply with the standards in
this section.
(4)
Allowing public use of seating located in the Lot Frontage Zone
is encouraged, but not required.
(5)
If used, public seating must be sited according to the following
design standards:
(a)
Prevent obstructions.
[1]
It must not be placed such that it narrows the
Pedestrian Throughway below a five-foot minimum width.
[2]
It must not obstruct access to a building entrance
or exit.
[3]
It must not obstruct access to bicycle parking,
parking kiosks, fire hydrants, trash receptacles, utilities, or other
fixtures or street furniture.
(b)
Public seating must be permanently affixed to the ground.
[1]
Moveable furniture is acceptable if it is maintained
by a proponent in good working order and it is removed at night and
during snow emergencies, and it is replaced as necessary.
(c)
At least 50% of public seating must have seat backs.
(6)
Design guidelines. Seating areas longer than four feet should
provide armrests or other dividers.
(7)
Public seating should be sited according to the following design
guidelines:
(a)
Site benches oriented toward views and/or pedestrians.
(b)
Provide seating in a variety of microclimates for: summer shade,
preferably from street trees; winter sun, especially adjacent to surfaces
that will hold that heat, like stone or brick walls.
(c)
Maintain adequately spaced pathways from parked cars and loading
zones.
(d)
Provide one foot between the front of the bench and any Pedestrian
Throughway so that the legs of people sitting on the bench do not
obstruct the throughway.
(e)
Provide a one-foot clear path between any public seating and
where the back of the seat abuts a building, wall, or other obstruction.
E.
Bicycle parking.
(1)
The standards of § 350-8.11 apply with the addition of the provisions in this section (§ 350-21.10E).
(2)
Diagram of bicycle parking and dimensional standards.
 |
|
Dimensional Standards
| ||
|
A |
Minimum space between bicycle racks
|
2.5 feet on center if arranged side-by-side; 8 feet if arranged
end-to-end
|
|
B |
Minimum length of space
|
6 feet
|
|
C |
Minimum Pedestrian Throughway adjacent to bicycle parking
|
5 feet
|
|
D |
Minimum clear height above bicycle parking space
|
7 feet
|
(3)
(Reserved)
(4)
The following list sets out the City's preferred locations for
bicycle parking in the character-based districts. The most preferred
location to the least preferred location for bicycle parking is: the
Furnishing and Utility Zone, the Public Frontage Zone, the Lot Frontage
Zone, beside a building, behind a building.
(5)
Installation of a bicycle rack within the public realm requires
Department of Public Works approval.
F.
G.
Outdoor cafe seating.
(1)
Outdoor cafe seating is permitted as an ancillary activity of
any restaurant, take-out restaurant, or other eating and drinking
establishment when:
(2)
Diagrams of outdoor cafe seating and dimensional standards.
 |
|
Dimensional Standards
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
A |
Pedestrian Throughway width
|
With approval of the DPW
|
|
B |
Cafe seating depth
|
4 feet minimum to 15 feet maximum measured perpendicular to
the street line
|
|
C |
Cafe seating length
|
Not greater than the street frontage of the establishment it
serves
|
|
D |
Width of clear path of access to entrances of buildings
|
4 feet minimum
|
|
Table surface, longest dimension
|
3 feet 6 inches maximum
| |
|
Standing or stooled table ledge, depth
|
18 inches minimum
| |
(3)
(Reserved)
(4)
Furniture.
(a)
Allowed furniture is limited to moveable tables, chairs, and
umbrellas, required enclosures, planters, lighting, and portable or
mounted heaters.
(b)
All furniture must be commercial grade and manufactured for
outdoor use of safe, sturdy, and durable materials, such as wood,
steel, or wrought iron.
(c)
When not intended for use during the winter months, outdoor
cafe furniture must be removed and stored indoors.
(6)
Illustrative examples of cafe seating.
 |
H.
Outdoor retail displays. Note: Also see § 285-5.
(1)
Purpose. Outdoor retail displays located within the public realm
can increase the visibility and viability of businesses and can enhance
the walkability of an area.
(2)
Standards. The placement for display and sale of merchandise
within the Lot Frontage Area or the Public Frontage Area adjacent
to a retail business may be allowed without a Department of Public
Works permit under the following standards:
(a)
Display is out only during hours when the associated establishment
is open for business.
(b)
It does not obstruct pedestrian or vehicular traffic or corner
visibility.
(c)
It is located at least two feet outside of the required width
of a Pedestrian Throughway Zone.
(d)
It does not obstruct building entrances. The passage must be
four feet to six feet wide minimum adjacent to an outdoor retail display.
(e)
Outdoor retail displays must be located two feet from any fire
hydrant, street furnishing, street tree, or other fixture, and must
not infringe upon any area required for the operation of bicycle parking.
(f)
Furniture and equipment must not be anchored to a ground surface
nor be attached or affixed to any tree, post, sign or other structure.
(g)
It must not exceed 100 square feet of ground space.
A.
B.
Driveway.
(3)
No driveway may be located between the street line and the front
facade of a building.
(4)
A driveway must be laid out such that its direction of travel
is as nearly perpendicular to the street line as is practicable.
(5)
The entrance to a new driveway must be at least 50 feet from
the entrance to any existing driveway or intersecting street.
(6)
See the relevant Table of Character-Based Requirements in § 350-22
for additional standards related to a driveway or curb cut.
(7)
A driveway or alley that crosses a paved or planted Furnishing
Zone must:
(a)
Be designed to maintain the grade and clear width of the adjacent
Pedestrian Throughway.
(8)
The appearance of any walkway, including materials, scoring
pattern or special paving, must be maintained across any driveway
or alley to demarcate the hierarchy of the pedestrian path over the
vehicular access.
(9)
A curb cut may be no wider than the driveway or vehicular entrance
it serves, except for additional width required for flares or returned
curbs.
(10)
A curb cut serving a corner lot must be located on the secondary
frontage, not the primary frontage. The Planning Board shall determine
which frontage is primary and which is secondary.
(11)
Shared driveways are permitted and encouraged.
(13)
New curb cuts are not allowed by right in all districts. See
the applicable district standards.
C.
Parking placement.
(1)
No parking, except for underground parking, may be located between
the street line and a building. This area must be designed to physically
prevent access by cars through the use of a bollard, curb, vegetation,
or other means.
(2)
See the relevant Table of Character-Based Requirements in § 350-22
for any additional standards related to parking location.
(3)
Diagram of parking placement.
 |
D.
A.
Development site.
(1)
A development site is any lot or group of contiguous building
lots owned or controlled by the same person or entity proposed for
development and may include more than one principal building.
(a)
Diagram.
 |
(2)
Uses. A development site may include a combination of uses.
(3)
For the purposes of applying §§ 350-21 and 350-22
to development sites, private streets in development sites shall be
built to the public realm standards and in accordance with the Subdivision
Regulations. In addition, any driveway or parking aisle within a development
site that is expected to have more than 100 vehicle trips per day
shall be designed in accordance with the public realm standards.
B.
Development block standards. These standards establish maximum block
length along public or private streets within a development site as
a method to ensure that access and walkability are integrated into
the placement of buildings, outdoor amenity spaces, and site utility
areas. Generally, blocks are laid out in order to orient buildings
to the street while concentrating utility elements such as electrical
service, parking, and refuse collection to the center of blocks, at
the rear of the buildings.
(1)
Diagram.
 |
(2)
Design standards.
(a)
Size and dimension. The maximum length of a block face shall
be 200 feet and the maximum length of a block perimeter shall be 800
feet.
[1]
The applicant may request that the Planning Board
grant a waiver to allow a longer block face or block perimeter.
[2]
The Planning Board shall grant the waiver where
it finds that:
[a]
Block faces are articulated and have multiple entrances
to buildings.
[b]
The block will be highly walkable through the use
of high-quality public realm improvements.
[c]
Any block longer than 400 feet includes at least
one mid-block pedestrian passage aligned on each side of the street.
The mid-block pedestrian passage must lead to a mid-block crosswalk
that includes curb extensions and that is at grade with the adjacent
sidewalk.
(b)
Access and utilities. Access to the interior utility area of
a block will be made by a private alley street type as specified in
the Subdivision Regulations.
(c)
A mid-block pedestrian passage is required every 200 linear
feet along a block face where shared parking areas or community space
is located within the interior of the block.
A.
Purpose. The purpose of this section is to establish standards for
the continued utilization of existing buildings and site improvements
in character-based zoning districts that were constructed prior to
the effective date of this section.
B.
Applicability. Where the provisions of this section conflict with
§ 350-9, Nonconforming Uses, Structures, and Lots, this
section shall apply.
C.
Additions to nonconforming buildings.
(1)
When an existing building that does not meet the lot frontage standards in § 350-21.5I is expanded, the expansion is subject to all applicable standards of §§ 350-21 and 350-22, except as specified in Subsection C(2)and (3)below.
(2)
Front addition.
(a)
Diagram.
 |
(b)
Standards. Any addition to the front of a building must be placed
within the front build-to-zone unless the Board determines that improvements
between the addition and the maximum front setback will add to the
character of the district visually and physically. No new parking
may be located in front of a front addition. The addition is exempt
from minimum building frontage occupancy but must comply with any
other applicable Lot Frontage Zone occupancy standard.
E.
Nonconforming building or site retrofit.
(1)
A development project that results in changes to more than 60%
of exterior structural elements must comply with the standards of
§§ 350-21 and 350-22.
(3)
A project that expands gross floor area by 100% or more or that
includes a use that triggers site plan approval shall comply with
the standards of §§ 350-21 and 350-22, unless alternatives
are approved by the Planning Board.
(Reserved)
