*
|
Buffer areas and shoulders are encouraged but not required.
|
*
|
Buffer areas and shoulders are encouraged but not required.
|
Miles Per Hour
|
Under 400 ADT
(Travel lane in feet)
|
401 to 1,500 ADT
(Travel lane in feet)
|
1,501 to 2,000 ADT
(Travel lane in feet)
|
Over 2,000 ADT
(Travel lane in feet)
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
15
|
9
|
10
|
10
|
11
| |
20
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
| |
25
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
| |
30
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
| |
35
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
| |
40
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
| |
45
|
10
|
11
|
11
|
12
| |
50
|
10
|
11
|
11
|
12
| |
55
|
11
|
11
|
12
|
12
|
* derived from AASHTO as amended
|
Initial Speed
(mph)
|
Curvature, K1
(ft/%)
|
Curvature, K1
(ft/%)
| |
---|---|---|---|
Crest
|
Sag
| ||
15
|
3
|
10
| |
20
|
7
|
17
| |
25
|
12
|
26
| |
30
|
19
|
37
| |
35
|
29
|
49
| |
40
|
44
|
64
| |
45
|
61
|
79
| |
50
|
84
|
96
| |
55
|
114
|
115
|
1
|
Rate of vertical curvature, K = length of curve (L) per percent
algebraic difference (A) in the intersection grades (K=L/A)
|
Initial Speed
(mph)
|
Centerline Radius1
(feet)
|
Centerline Radius1
(feet)
| |
---|---|---|---|
No Superelevation
|
4% Superelevation
(e max)
| ||
15
|
50
|
42
| |
20
|
107
|
86
| |
25
|
198
|
154
| |
30
|
333
|
250
| |
35
|
510
|
371
| |
40
|
762
|
533
| |
45
|
1039
|
711
| |
50
|
926
| ||
55
|
1190
|
*
|
derived from AASHTO formula Rmin = V2/15*(0.01e + fmax)
| |
1
|
Curve radius shall be measured to the centerline of Cartways
and Access Drives.
|
Angle
|
Vehicle Pro-
jection Mini-
mum
|
Aisle Mini-
mum
|
Base Module1
|
Single Loaded
|
Wall to Interlock
|
Interlock to Interlock
|
Curb to Curb
|
Over-
hang
|
Interlock2 Reduction
|
Stall Width Pro-
jection2 Mini-
mum
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VP
|
A
|
W1
|
W2
|
W3
|
W4
|
W5
|
o
|
i
|
WP
| |
45°
|
17'8"
|
12'8"
|
48'0"
|
30'4"
|
45'0"
|
42'0"
|
44'6"
|
1'9"
|
3'0"
|
12'0"
|
50°
|
18'3"
|
13'3"
|
49'9"
|
31'6"
|
47'0"
|
44'3"
|
45'11"
|
1'11"
|
2'9"
|
11'1"
|
55°
|
18'8"
|
13'8"
|
51'0"
|
32'4"
|
48'7"
|
46'2"
|
46'10"
|
2'1"
|
2'5"
|
10'5"
|
60°
|
19'0"
|
14'6"
|
52'6"
|
33'6"
|
50'4"
|
48'2"
|
48'2"
|
2'2"
|
2'2"
|
9'10"
|
65°
|
19'2"
|
15'5"
|
53'9"
|
34'7"
|
51'11"
|
50'1"
|
50'1"
|
2'3"
|
1'10"
|
9'5"
|
70°
|
19'3"
|
16'6"
|
55'0"
|
35'9"
|
53'7"
|
52'2"
|
52'2"
|
2'4"
|
1'5"
|
9'1"
|
75°
|
19'1"
|
17'10"
|
56'0"
|
36'11"
|
54'11"
|
53'10"
|
53'10"
|
2'5"
|
1'1"
|
8'10"
|
90°
|
18'0"
|
20'0"
|
60'0"3
|
42'0"
|
60'0"
|
60'0"
|
60'0"
|
2'6"
|
0'0"
|
8'6"
|
1
|
Module is defined as the combined dimension of two
parked vehicles and the aisle between them.
|
2
|
Calculated for 8'6" stall.
|
3
|
Base width may not be waived.
|
NOTE:
| ||
---|---|---|
*
|
Species with cultivars that are known to be non-invasive may
be acceptable within a planting plan.
|
Common Name
|
Botanical Name
|
Height/ Spread
|
Drought Tolerances
|
Soil Type
|
Soil Acidity/ Aerosol Salt Tolerance
|
Soil Saturation Preference
|
Root Pattern
|
Canopy Structure/ Growth Rate
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red Maple
|
Acer rubrum
|
75/35
|
Moderate
|
Clay; loam
|
Acidic/low tolerance
|
Extended flooding to well drained
|
Large surface roots
|
Upright oval canopy/fast growing
|
Sugar Maple
|
Acer saccharum
|
70/40
|
Sensitive to reflected heat and drought
|
Sand; loam. Not compacted
|
Acidic; alkaline/not tolerant
|
Well drained
|
Often shallow
|
Dense oval/Mod-slow growing
|
Common Hackberry
|
Celtis occidentalis
|
45-80/40-50
|
Highly tolerant
|
Clay; loam
|
Tolerant of highly alkaline to moderate acidic
|
Extended flooding to well drained
|
Large surface roots
|
Round/ prune to prevent weak branch crotches
|
American Yellow-
wood
|
Cladrastis kentuckea
|
30-50/40-50
|
Moderate
|
Clay; sand; loam
|
Alkaline; acidic
|
Occasional wet to well-drained
|
Surface roots when wet
|
Round/ moderate/ prune structure
|
American beech
|
Fagus grandifolia
|
50-75/40-60
|
Moderate to low
|
Sand; loam
|
Acidic/low tolerance
|
Needs welldrained
|
Surface roots/needs space
|
Very dense oval/ moderate
|
White ash
|
Fraxinus americana
|
50-80/40-60
|
Moderate
|
Sand; loam
|
Alkaline; acidic/ highly tolerant
|
Extended flooding to well-drained
|
Large surface roots/needs space
|
Oval/fast growing
|
Green Ash
|
Fraxinus pennsyl-
vanica
|
60-70/45-50
|
Highly tolerant
|
Sand; loam; clay
|
Alkaline; acidic/ moderately tolerant
|
Extended flooding to well-drained
|
Large surface roots develop when confined
|
Upright/ fast; prune structure to develop trunk
|
Thornless Honeylocust
|
Gleditsia triacanthos inermis
|
50-70/35-50
|
Highly tolerant
|
Clay; sand; loam
|
Alkaline; acidic/ highly tolerant
|
Occasional wet to well-drained
|
Can grow surface roots
|
Open oblong
|
Sweetgum
|
Liquid-
ambar styraciflua
|
60-75/35-50
|
Moderate to little
|
Clay; sand; loam
|
Acidic/ moderately tolerant
|
Extended flooding to well-drained
|
Surface roots when moist
|
Pyramidal/ extreme sensitivity to construction
|
Tuliptree
|
Lirio-
dendron tulipifera
|
80-100/30-50
|
Moderate
|
Sand; loam
|
Acidic/no tolerance
|
Well-drained to occasional wet
|
Not a problem; needs space
|
Oval/ moderate growth
|
Blackgum/ Sourgum
|
Nyssa sylvatica
|
65-75/25-35
|
Highly tolerant
|
Clay; loam
|
Acidic/ moderately tolerant
|
Extended flooding to well-drained
|
Not a problem; deep roots
|
Pyramidal/ slow growth
|
American Hophorn-
beam
|
Ostrya virginiana
|
25-50/25
|
Tolerant once established
|
Sand; loam
|
Poor salt tolerance; pH adaptable
|
Prefers moist when young
|
Not a problem
|
Rounded
|
Sycamore
|
Platanus occidentalis
|
75-90/50-70
|
Highly tolerant
|
Clay; loam; should not dry out
|
Alkaline; acidic/ moderately tolerant
|
Extended flooding to well-drained
|
Can grow surface roots
|
Dense pyramidal/ fast growing
|
White Oak
|
Quercus alba
|
60-100/60-80
|
Moderate to low
|
Sand; loam; should not dry out
|
Acidic/ highly tolerant
|
Occasional wet to well-drained
|
Not a problem
|
Pyramidal/ slow growing
|
Shingle Oak
|
Quercus imbricaria
|
40-60/40-60
|
Tolerant intermittent drought
|
Rich; deep; well drained
|
Alkaline soils up to 7.5 pH
|
Moist
|
Not a problem
|
Rounded/ transplants well
|
Chestnut Oak
|
Quercus montana
|
50-60/40-60
|
Highly tolerant
|
Sand; loam
|
Acidic/ unknown salt tolerance
|
Well-drained
|
Root flare when older
|
Round/ moderate growth
|
Red Oak
|
Quercus rubra
|
60-70/50-60
|
Highly tolerant
|
Sand; loam
|
Acidic/ highly tolerant
|
Well-drained
|
Can form large surface roots
|
Dense; round/fast growth; train into one leader
|
Swamp White Oak
|
Quercus bicolor
|
50-70/50-70
|
Moderate
|
Clay; sand; loam
|
Acidic/ Moderate tolerance
|
Extended flooding to well-drained
|
Not a problem
|
Round/ moderate growth; long lived
|
Basswood/ American Linden
|
Tilia americana
|
50-80/35-50
|
Moderate
|
Sand; loam
|
Acidic; alkaline/low tolerance
|
Well-drained
|
Not a problem; Needs space
|
Dense; pyramidal/ moderate
|
Use
|
Task
|
Maintained Footcandles1
|
Uniformity Ratio2
(Max.:Min.)
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Streets
|
Local residential
|
0.4 Min.
|
6:1
| |
Local commercial
|
0.9 Min.
|
6:1
| ||
Parking: multifamily residential
|
Low vehicular/pedestrian activity
|
0.2 Min.
|
4:1
| |
Medium vehicular/pedestrian activity
|
0.6 Min
|
4:1
| ||
Parking: industrial, commercial, institutional and municipal
|
High activity (e.g., regional shopping centers/fast food facilities,
major athletic/civic/cultural events)
|
0.9 Min.
|
4:1
| |
Medium activity (e.g., community shopping centers, office parks,
hospitals, commuter lots, cultural/civic/recreational events)
|
0.6 Min.
|
4:1
| ||
Low activity (e.g., neighborhood shopping, industrial employee
parking, schools, church parking, farm businesses, farm operations)
|
0.2 Min.
|
4:1
| ||
Walkways and bikeways
|
0.5 Min.
|
5:1
| ||
Building entrances and signs
|
4.0 Avg.
|
—
|
NOTES:
| ||
---|---|---|
1.
|
Illumination levels are maintained horizontal footcandles on
the task, e.g., pavement or area surface.
| |
2.
|
Uniformity ratio is a measure of the dispersion of light on
an area. The ratio is measured as maximum light level to minimum light
level. Example: 4:1 for the given area, the maximum level of illumination
should be no less than four times the minimum level of illumination
(0.2 x 4 = 0.8 maximum light level)
|