Township of East Cocalico, PA Definitions

Noun. Any structure that carries a flow.

Verb. The ability of a pipe, culvert, swale or similar facility to carry the peak flow from the design storm.

CULVERT

A structure with appurtenant works that carries a watercourse under or through an embankment or fill.

DAM

An artificial barrier, together with its appurtenant works, constructed for the purpose of impounding or storing water or another fluid or semifluid, or a refuse bank, fill or structure for highway, railroad or other purposes which does or may impound water or another fluid or semifluid. The dam falls under the requirements of Chapter 105, Dam Safety and Waterway Management,[3] if the following is true:

The contributory drainage area exceeds 100 acres.

The greatest depth of water measured by upstream toe of the dam at maximum storage elevation exceeds 15 feet.

DRAINAGE CONVEYANCE FACILITY

The impounding capacity at maximum storage elevation exceeds 50 acre feet.

DEDICATION

The deliberate appropriation of land by its owner for any general and public use.

DESIGN STORM

The magnitude of precipitation from a storm event measured in probability of occurrence (e.g., ten-year storm) and duration (e.g., twenty-four-hour), and used in computing stormwater runoff for the design and evaluation of stormwater management facilities.

DETENTION BASIN

An impoundment structure designed to manage stormwater runoff by temporarily storing the runoff and releasing it at a controlled rate.

DEVELOPER

Any landowner, agent of such landowner, or tenant with the permission of such landowner who makes or causes to be made a subdivision of land or a land development, or other regulated activities covered by this chapter.

DEVELOPMENT

Any man-made change to improved or unimproved real estate, including but not limited to buildings or other structures, mining, dredging, filling, grading, paving, logging, excavation, or drilling operations.

DEVELOPMENT SITE

The specific area of land where regulated activities in the Township are planned, conducted or maintained.

DISAPPEARING STREAM

A stream in an area underlain by limestone or dolomite that flows underground for a portion of its length.

DISTURBED AREA

An unstabilized land area where an earth disturbance activity is occurring or has occurred.

A stormwater management facility designed to transmit stormwater runoff and shall include streams, channels, swales, pipes, conduits, storm sewers, etc.

E&S MANUAL

PADEP's E&S Manual (Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program Manual, No. 363-2134-008, as amended and updated), and the Clean Streams Law.[4]

EARTH DISTURBANCE ACTIVITY

A construction or other human activity which disturbs the surface of the land, including, but not limited to, clearing and grubbing; grading; excavations; embankments; road maintenance activities; building construction; and the moving, depositing, stockpiling, or storing of soil, rock, or earth materials.

EASEMENT

A right-of-way granted for limited use of private land for a public, quasi-public, or private purpose not inconsistent with a general property right of the owner, and within which the owner of the property shall not have the right to use the land in a manner that violates the right of the grantee.

ENERGY DISSIPATER

A device used to slow the velocity of stormwater, particularly at points of concentrated discharge such as pipe outlets.

ENFORCEMENT OFFICER

The duly constituted municipal official designated to administer and enforce this chapter. The enforcement officer shall administer this chapter in accordance with its literal terms. The enforcement officer also may be the Building Inspector and/or Zoning Officer of the Township or other designated person, persons or consultant.

ENGINEER, TOWNSHIP

The East Cocalico Township Engineer or any consultant designated by the Board of Supervisors to review a stormwater or earth disturbance plan and perform the duties of engineer on behalf of the Township.

ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREA

Area with slopes greater than 15%, wetlands, natural heritage areas and other areas designated as conservation or preservation in Greenscapes, the Green Infrastructure Element of the County Comprehensive Plan, where encroachment by land development or earth disturbance results in degradation of the natural resource.

EPHEMERAL STREAM

A transient stream, one that flows for a relatively short time.

EROSION

The removal of soil particles by the action of water, wind, ice, or other geological agents. See "accelerated erosion."

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL (E&S) PLAN

A site-specific plan consisting of both drawings and a narrative that identifies BMPs to minimize accelerated erosion and sedimentation before, during and after earth disturbance activities.

EXISTING CONDITIONS

The dominant land cover during the five-year period immediately preceding a proposed regulated activity.

FEMA

The Federal Emergency Management Agency.

FLOOD

A general but temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of streams, rivers, and other waters of this commonwealth.

FLOOD FRINGE

That portion of the floodplain outside of the floodway.

FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT ACT

Act of October 4, 1978, P.L. 851, No. 166, as amended, 32 P.S. § 679.101 et seq., and as may be amended in the future.

FLOODPLAIN

Any land area susceptible to inundation by water from any natural source or delineated by applicable FEMA maps and studies as being a special flood hazard area, and including areas designated as Floodplain Zone per Chapter 220, Zoning, § 220-26B.

FLOODWAY

The channel of the watercourse and those portions of the adjoining floodplains that are reasonably required to carry and discharge the 100-year-frequency flood. Unless otherwise specified, the boundary of the floodway is as indicated on maps and flood insurance studies provided by FEMA. In an area where no FEMA maps or studies have defined the boundary of the 100-year-frequency floodway, it is assumed (absent evidence to the contrary) that the floodway extends from the stream to 50 feet from the top of the bank of the stream.

FOREST MANAGEMENT AND TIMBER OPERATIONS

Planning and activities necessary for the management of forestland. These include conducting a timber inventory and preparation of forest management plans, silvicultural treatment, cutting budgets, logging road design and construction, timber harvesting, site preparation and reforestation.

FREEBOARD

A vertical distance between the maximum design high-water elevation and the top of a dam, levee, tank, basin, or diversion ridge.

FREQUENCY

The probability or chance that a given storm event/flood will be equaled or exceeded in a given year.

GOVERNING BODY

The Board of Supervisors of East Cocalico Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

GRADE

A slope, usually of a road, channel or natural ground, specified in percent and shown on plans as specified herein.

"To grade": To finish the surface of a roadbed, top of embankment or bottom of excavation.

GRASSED WATERWAY

A natural or constructed waterway, usually broad and shallow, covered with erosion-resistant grasses, used to conduct surface water from cropland.

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

Systems and practices that use or mimic natural processes to infiltrate, evapotranspire, or reuse stormwater on the site where it is generated.

GROUNDWATER

Subsurface water in a zone of saturation.

GROUNDWATER RECHARGE

The process by which water from above the ground surface is added to the saturated zone of an aquifer, either directly or indirectly.

GRUBBING

The clearing of land by digging up roots and stumps.

HIGH TUNNEL

A structure which meets the following:

Is used for the production, processing, keeping, storing, sale or shelter of an agricultural commodity as defined in Section 2 of the Act of December 19, 1974 (P.L. 973, No. 319), known as the "Pennsylvania Farmland and Forest Land Assessment Act of 1974,"[5] or for the storage of agricultural equipment or supplies.

HYDROLOGIC SOIL GROUP (HSG)

Is constructed consistent with all of the following:

(a)

Has a metal, wood or plastic frame.

(b)

When covered, has a plastic, woven textile or other flexible covering.

(c)

Has a floor made of soil, crushed stone, matting, pavers or a floating concrete slab.

Refers to soils grouped according to their runoff-producing characteristics by NRCS. There are four runoff potential groups ranging from A to D:

(Low runoff potential.) Soils having high infiltration rates even when thoroughly wetted and consisting chiefly of deep, well to excessively drained sands or gravels. These soils have a high rate of water transmission (greater than 0.30 inch/hour).

Soils having moderate infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted and consisting chiefly of moderately deep to deep, moderately well to well drained soils with moderately fine to moderately coarse textures. These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission (from 0.15 to 0.30 inch/hour).

IMPERVIOUS SURFACE (IMPERVIOUS AREA)

Soils having slow infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted and consisting chiefly of soils with a layer that impedes downward movement of water, or soils with moderately fine to fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water transmission (from 0.05 to 0.15 inch/hour).

(4)

(High runoff potential.) Soils having very slow infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted and consisting chiefly of clay soils with a high swelling potential, soils with a permanent high-water table, soils with a clay pan or clay layer at or near the surface, and shallow soils over nearly impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission (from 0 to 0.05 inch/hour).

Surfaces which prevent the infiltration of water into the ground. All structures, buildings, parking areas, driveways, roads, streets, sidewalks, decks, and any areas of concrete, asphalt, packed stone, and compacted soil shall be considered impervious surface if they prevent infiltration. In addition, other areas determined by the Township Engineer to be impervious within the meaning of this definition will also be classed as impervious surfaces.

IMPOUNDMENT

A retention or detention basin designed to retain stormwater runoff and infiltrate it into the ground (in the case of a retention basin) or release it at a controlled rate (in the case of a detention basin).

IMPROVEMENTS

Those physical additions and changes to the land that may be necessary to produce usable and desirable lots.

INFILTRATION STRUCTURES

A structure designed to direct runoff into the ground (e.g., French drains, seepage pits, seepage trench, rain gardens, vegetated swales, pervious paving, infiltration basins, etc.).

INLET

A surface connection to a closed drain. The upstream end of any structure through which water may flow.

INTERMITTENT

A natural, transient body or conveyance of water that exists for a relatively long time, but for weeks or months of the year is below the local water table and obtains its flow from both surface runoff and groundwater discharges.

INVASIVE VEGETATION

Plants which grow quickly and aggressively, spreading, and displacing other plants. Invasive vegetation typically is introduced into a region far from its native habitat. See Invasive Plants in Pennsylvania by the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.

KARST

A type of topography or landscape characterized by features including but not limited to surface depressions, sinkholes, rock pinnacles/uneven bedrock surface, underground drainage, and caves. Karst is formed on carbonate rocks, such as limestone or dolomite.

LAND DEVELOPMENT

Any of the following activities:

The improvement of one lot or two or more contiguous lots, tracts or parcels of land for any purpose involving:

(a)

A group of two or more residential or nonresidential buildings, whether proposed initially or cumulatively, or a single nonresidential building on a lot or lots regardless of the number of occupants or tenure; or

(b)

The division or allocation of land or space, whether initially or cumulatively, between or among two or more existing or prospective occupants by means of, or for the purpose of, streets, common areas, leaseholds, condominiums, building groups or other features.

Any subdivision of land.

LOW-IMPACT DEVELOPMENT (LID)

Development in accordance with Section 503(1.1) of the MPC.[6]

LANDOWNER

The legal or beneficial owner or owners of land, including the holder of an option or contract to purchase (whether or not such option or contract is subject to any condition), a lessee if he is authorized under the lease to exercise the rights of the landowner, or other person having a proprietary interest in land.

LCCD

Lancaster County Conservation District.

LIMITING ZONE

A rock formation, other stratum, or soil condition which is so slowly permeable that it effectively limits downward passage of effluent. Season high-water tables, whether perched or regional, also constitute a limiting zone.

LINEAMENT

A linear feature in a landscape which is an expression of an underlying geological structure such as a fault.

LOT

A designated parcel, tract, or area of land established by a plat or otherwise permitted by law and to be used, developed or built upon as a unit.

Site design approaches and small-scale stormwater management practices that promote the use of natural systems for infiltration, evapotranspiration, and reuse of rainwater. LID can be applied to new development, urban retrofits, and revitalization projects. LID utilizes design techniques that infiltrate, filter, evaporate, and store runoff close to its source. Rather than rely on costly large-scale conveyance and treatment systems, LID addresses stormwater through a variety of small, cost-effective landscape features located on site.

MAINTENANCE GUARANTEE

A guarantee by the developer of the structural integrity of improvements dedicated to the Township.

MANNING EQUATION (MANNING FORMULA)

A method for calculation of velocity of flow (e.g., feet per second) and flow rate (e.g., cubic feet per second) in open channels based upon channel shape, roughness, depth of flow and slope. "Open channels" may include closed conduits so long as the flow is not under pressure. Manning's Equation assumes steady, gradually varied flow.

MAXIMUM EXTENT PRACTICABLE (MEP)

Applies when the applicant demonstrates to the Township's satisfaction that the performance standard is not achievable. The applicant shall take into account the best available technology, cost effectiveness, geographic features, and other competing interests such as protection of human safety and welfare, protection of endangered and threatened resources, and preservation of historic properties in making the assertion that the performance standard cannot be met and that a different means of control is appropriate.

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING

An agreement between East Cocalico Township and the LCCD to provide for cooperation between the LCCD and the East Cocalico Township officials, Lancaster County, to include within its ordinances, and to jointly promote conservation of natural resources within East Cocalico Township on lands both public and private, for the purposes of preventing accelerated soil erosion and sedimentation of streams, reducing stormwater damage, and promoting the health, safety and general welfare of the residents of East Cocalico Township.

MPC

The Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, Act of July 1, 1967, P.L. 805, No. 247, as reenacted and amended, 53 P.S. § 10101 et seq., and as may be amended in the future.

MUNICIPAL AUTHORITY USES

Includes wells, well pump houses, water tanks, sewage treatment plants and sewage pump stations, water booster pump stations, water treatment plants, and collection and distribution systems owned by the Township or by an authority created by the Township or of which the Township is a member municipality. All of the foregoing, except sewage treatment plants, shall be considered structures and not buildings under this chapter.

MUNICIPAL SEPARATE STORM SEWER

A conveyance or system of conveyances (including roads with drainage systems, Township streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches, man-made channels, or storm drains), which is all of the following:

Owned or operated by a state, city, town, borough, township, county, district, association or other public body (created under state law) having jurisdiction over disposal of sewage, industrial wastes, stormwater or other wastes;

Designed or used for collecting or conveying stormwater;

MUNICIPAL SEPARATE STORM SEWER SYSTEM (MS4)

Not a combined sewer; and

(4)

Not part of a publicly owned treatment works as defined at 40 CFR 122.2.

All separate storm sewers that are defined as "large" or "medium" or "small" municipal separate storm sewer systems pursuant to 40 CFR 122.26(b)(18), or designated as regulated under 40 CFR 122.26(a)(1)(v).

MUNICIPAL USES

Includes public uses and semipublic uses, such as schools, parks, recreation centers, fire stations, and municipal buildings and garages.

MUNICIPALITY

East Cocalico Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

NATIVE VEGETATION

Plant species that have evolved or are indigenous to a specific geographical area. These plants are adapted to local soil and weather conditions as well as pests and diseases.

NATURAL DRAINAGEWAY

An existing channel for water runoff that was formed by natural forces.

NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION

Any source of water pollution that does not meet the legal definition of "point source" in Section 502(14) of the Clean Water Act.[7]

NONSTRUCTURAL BMPS

Planning and design approaches, operational and/or behavior-related practices which minimize stormwater runoff generation resulting from an alteration of the land surface or limit contact of pollutants with stormwater runoff.

NPDES

A permit issued under 25 Pa. Code Chapter 92a (relating to National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permitting, monitoring and compliance) for the discharge or potential discharge of pollutants from a point source to surface waters.

NRCS

USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (previously SCS).

ON-SITE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

The control of runoff to allow water falling on a given site to be absorbed or detained on site to the extent that after development the peak rate of discharge leaving the site is no greater than if the site had remained undeveloped.

OPEN CHANNEL

A drainage element in which stormwater flows with an open surface. Open channels include, but shall not be limited to, natural and man-made drainageways, swales, streams, ditches, canals, and pipes flowing partly full.

OUTFALL

Point where water flows from a conduit, stream, or drain.

OUTLET

Points of water disposal from a stream, river, lake, tidewater or artificial drain.

PADEP

The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection or any agency successor to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection.

PARENT TRACT

All contiguous land held in single and separate ownership, regardless of whether i) such land is divided into one or more lots, parcels, purparts or tracts; ii) such land was acquired by the landowner at different times or by different deeds, devise, partition or otherwise; or iii) such land is bisected by public or private streets or rights-of-way, which was held by the landowner or his predecessor in title on the effective date of this chapter.

PEAK DISCHARGE

The maximum rate of flow of water at a given point and time resulting from a specified storm event.

PENNDOT

The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation or any agency successor thereto.

PERSON

An individual, partnership, association, corporation or other legally recognized entity and the members of such partnership or association and the officers of such corporation.

PERVIOUS AREA

Any material/surface that allows water to pass through at a rate equal to or greater than natural ground cover.

PIPE

A culvert, closed conduit, or similar structure (including appurtenances) that conveys stormwater.

PLAN

The stormwater management and erosion and sediment pollution control plans and narratives.

PLANNING COMMISSION

The East Cocalico Township Planning Commission.

PROBABLE MAXIMUM FLOOD (PMF)

The flood that may be expected from the most severe combination of critical meteorologic and hydrologic conditions that are reasonably possible in any area. The PMF is derived from the probable maximum precipitation (PMP) as determined on the basis of data obtained from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

PROCESS WASTEWATER

Water that comes in contact with any raw material, product, by-product, or waste during any production or industrial process.

PROJECT SITE

An area of land under earth disturbance or development and within the jurisdiction of this chapter.

PUBLIC GROUNDS

Parks, playgrounds, trails, paths and other recreational areas; sites for schools, sewage treatment, refuse disposal and other publicly owned or operated facilities; publicly owned or operated scenic and historic sites.

QUALIFIED PROFESSIONAL

Any person licensed by the Pennsylvania Department of State or otherwise qualified by law to perform the work required by this chapter.

RATE CONTROL

Stormwater management controls used to manage the peak flows for the purposes of channel protection and flood mitigation.

RATIONAL FORMULA (RATIONAL METHOD)

A rainfall-runoff relation used to estimate peak flow.

RECORD DRAWINGS

Set of prints of the original facilities showing those changes made during the construction process.

REDEVELOPMENT

Any physical improvement to a previously developed lot that involves earth disturbance, removal, or addition of impervious surfaces.

REGISTERED PROFESSIONAL

A person duly licensed as a professional engineer, surveyor, geologist, or landscape architect by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

REGULATED ACTIVITIES

Activities, including earth disturbance activities, that involve the alteration or development of land in a manner that may affect stormwater runoff. Regulated activities shall include, but not be limited to:

Land development subject to the requirements of Chapter 194, Subdivision and Land Development;

Removal of ground cover, grading, filling or excavation;

SEEPAGE BED/SEEPAGE TRENCH

Construction of new or additional impervious or semi-impervious surfaces (driveways, parking lots, etc.), and associated improvements;

(4)

Construction of new buildings or additions to existing buildings;

(5)

Installation or alteration of stormwater management facilities and appurtenances thereto;

(6)

Diversion or piping of any watercourse; and

(7)

Any other regulated activities where the Township determines that said activities may affect any existing watercourse's stormwater management facilities, or stormwater drainage patterns.

RETENTION BASIN

A stormwater management facility that includes a permanent pool for water quality treatment and additional capacity above the permanent pool for temporary runoff storage.

RIGHT-OF-WAY

The total width of any land reserved or dedicated as a street, alley, crosswalk or for other public or semipublic purposes.

RIPARIAN

Pertaining to wetlands or a surface watercourse through which waters flow at least intermittently.

RIPARIAN BUFFER

An area delineated along and generally parallel to a surface water course in which naturally successive vegetation is allowed to grow, or is planted, which offers environmental and ecological benefit. Also a BMP that is a permanent area of trees and shrubs located adjacent to surface watercourses and wetlands. See Chapter 220, Zoning, § 220-29.

RIPARIAN BUFFER EASEMENT

An easement created for the purpose of protecting and preserving a riparian buffer.

RISER

A vertical pipe or outlet structure extending from the bottom of a pond that is used to control the discharge rate from the pond for a specified design storm.

ROOFTOP DETENTION

Temporary ponding and gradual release of stormwater falling directly onto flat roof surfaces by incorporating controlled-flow roof drains into building designs.

RUNOFF

Any part of precipitation that flows over the land surface.

SCS

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service (now known as "NRCS").

SEDIMENT

Soils or other surficial materials transported by surface water as a product of erosion.

SEDIMENT BASIN

A barrier, dam, retention or detention basin located and designed to retain rock, sand, gravel, silt, or other material transported by water.

SEDIMENT POLLUTION

The placement, discharge or any other introduction of sediment into the waters of the commonwealth occurring from the failure to design, construct, implement or maintain control measures and control facilities in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.

SEDIMENTATION

The action or process of forming or depositing sediment in waters of this commonwealth.

SEDIMENTATION CONTROL

The use of man-made or other methods to minimize accelerated erosion and sedimentation.

An area of excavated earth filled with loose stone or similar coarse material into which surface water is directed for infiltration into the ground.

SEMI-IMPERVIOUS SURFACE

A surface that prevents some percolation of water into the ground.

SHEET FLOW

Runoff which flows over the ground surface as a thin, even layer, not concentrated in a channel.

SMALL PROJECT

Regulated activities that, measured on a cumulative basis from August 6, 2003, the adoption date of Ordinance No. 2003-01, create new impervious areas of more than 1,000 square feet and less than 2,000 square feet or less or involve earth disturbance activities of an area less than 5,000 square feet and do not involve the alteration of stormwater facilities or watercourses.

SMALL STORM EVENT

A storm having a frequency of recurrence of once every two years or smaller.

SOIL GROUP, HYDROLOGIC

See "hydrologic soil group."

SOIL-COVER COMPLEX METHOD

A method of runoff computation developed by the SCS (now NRCS) that is based on relating soil type and land use/cover to a runoff parameter called "Curve Number (CN)." For more information, see "Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds," Second Edition, Technical Release No. 55, SCS, June 1986 (or most current edition).

SPILLWAY

A depression in the embankment of a pond or basin which is used to pass a post-development 100-year storm peak flow rate.

STATE WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS

The regulatory requirements to protect, maintain, reclaim, and restore water quality under Title 25 of the Pennsylvania Code, the Clean Streams Law[8] and the Clean Water Act.[9]

STORM EVENT

A storm of a specific duration, intensity, and frequency.

STORM FREQUENCY

The number of times that a given storm event occurs or is exceeded on the average in a stated period of years.

STORM SEWER

A system of pipes, conduits, swales, or other similar structures including appurtenant works which carries intercepted runoff, and other drainage, but excludes domestic sewage and industrial wastes.

STORM WATER MANAGEMENT ACT

The Pennsylvania Storm Water Management Act, Act of October 4, 1978, P.L. 864, No. 167, as amended, 32 P.S. § 680.1 et seq.

STORMWATER

Drainage runoff from the surface of the land resulting from precipitation or snow or ice melt.

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

A program of controls and measures, including BMPs, designed to regulate the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff from a development while promoting the protection and conservation of groundwaters and groundwater recharge.

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (SWM BMP)

See "BMP."

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIES

Any structure, natural or man-made, that, due to its condition, design, or construction, conveys, stores, infiltrates/evaporates/transpires, cleans or otherwise affects stormwater runoff. Typical SWM facilities include, but are not limited to, detention and retention basins, open channels, watercourses, road gutters, swales, storm sewers, pipes, BMPs, and infiltration structures.

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PLAN (O&M PLAN)

A plan, including a narrative, to ensure proper functioning of the SWM facilities in accordance with § 185-34 of this chapter.

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PERMIT

A permit issued by the Township after the stormwater management site plan has been approved. Said permit is issued prior to or with the final municipal approval.

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT SITE PLAN

The plan prepared by the developer or his representative indicating how stormwater runoff will be managed at a particular site according to this chapter.

STREAM ENCLOSURE

A bridge, culvert or other structure in excess of 100 feet in length upstream to downstream which encloses a regulated water of this commonwealth.

STREET

A strip of land, including the entire right-of-way (i.e., not limited to the cartway) intended to be used by vehicular traffic or pedestrians. The word "street" includes street, avenue, boulevard, road, highway, freeway, parkway, lane, alley, viaduct and other ways used or intended to be used by vehicular traffic or pedestrians whether public or private.

STRUCTURAL BMPS

Physical devices and practices that capture and treat stormwater runoff. Structural stormwater BMPs are permanent appurtenances to the development site.

STRUCTURE

Any man-made object having an ascertainable stationary location on or in land or water, whether or not affixed to the land.

SUBDIVIDER

Any landowner, agent of such landowner, or tenant with the permission of such landowner, who makes or causes to be made a subdivision or a land development.

SUBDIVISION

As defined in the MPC.[10]

SUBWATERSHED

Any of several parts of a watershed that drains to a specific location.

SUPERVISORS

The East Cocalico Township Board of Supervisors.

SWALE

A natural channel or other low-lying stretch of land that collects or carries surface water runoff.

SWM

Stormwater management.

TILE FIELD (TILING)

The installation of subsurface drainage facilities (i.e., pipe, etc.) to drain areas otherwise affected by high groundwater levels.

TIMBER OPERATIONS

See "forest management and timber operations."

TIME OF CONCENTRATION (TC)

The time for surface runoff to travel from the hydraulically most distant point of the watershed to a point of interest within the watershed. This time is the combined total of overland flow time and flow time in pipes or channels, if any.

TOP OF STREAM BANK

First substantial break in slope between the edge of the bed of the stream and the surrounding terrain. The top of stream bank can either be a natural or constructed (that is, road or railroad grade) feature, lying generally parallel to the watercourse.

TOWNSHIP

East Cocalico Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

TOWNSHIP ENGINEER

See "Engineer, Township."

USDA

United States Department of Agriculture.

VOLUME CONTROL

SWM controls, or BMPs, used to remove a predetermined amount of runoff or the increase in volume between the predevelopment and post-development design storm.

WATERCOURSE

A perennial or intermittent stream, river, brook, creek, run, channel, swale, pond, lake, or other body of surface water, carrying or holding surface water, whether natural or man-made, for gathering or carrying surface water from stormwater runoff and/or from groundwater that has reached the surface of land.

WATERCOURSE, EXCEPTIONAL VALUE

A watercourse that has been designated as containing exceptional value waters.

WATERCOURSE, INTERMITTENT

A watercourse that alternately contains and is empty of water.

WATERCOURSE, MAN-MADE

Any watercourse designed and constructed as a land development improvement, including stormwater drainage swales, retention basins, detention basins, farm ponds, canals, aqueducts, or other similar constructions.

WATERCOURSE, PERENNIAL

A watercourse that contains water throughout all seasons of the year.

WATERS OF THE COMMONWEALTH

Any and all rivers, streams, creeks, rivulets, ditches, watercourses, storm sewers, lakes, dammed water, wetlands, ponds, springs, and all other bodies or channels of conveyance of surface and underground water, or parts thereof, whether natural or artificial, within or on the boundaries of this commonwealth.

WATERSHED

Region or area drained by a river, watercourse, or other surface water of this commonwealth.

WETLAND DELINEATION

The defined boundary between a wetland and an upland, in accordance with the Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands, 1987.

WETLANDS

Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions, including swamps, marshes, bogs, ferns, and similar areas.

WOODLAND

Land predominantly covered with trees and shrubs. Without limiting the foregoing, "woodlands" include all land areas of 10,000 square feet or greater, supporting at least 100 trees per acre, so that either:

At least 50 trees are two inches or greater in diameter at breast height (DBH); or