As used in this chapter, the following terms shall have the meanings
indicated:
ACCELERATED EROSION
The removal of the surface of land through the combined action
of man's activities and the natural processes at a rate greater
than would occur because of the natural process alone.
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY
Activities associated with agriculture, such as agricultural
cultivation, agricultural operation, and animal heavy use areas. This
includes the work of producing crops and raising livestock, including
tillage, land clearing, plowing, disking, harrowing, planting, harvesting
crops, or pasturing and raising of livestock and installation of conservation
practices. Construction of new buildings or impervious areas is not
considered an agricultural activity.
ALTERATION
As applied to land, a change in topography as a result of
the moving of soil and rock from one location or position to another;
also the changing of surface conditions by causing the surface to
be more or less impervious; earth disturbance activity.
ANIMAL HEAVY USE AREAS
A barnyard, feedlot, loafing area, exercise lot, or other
similar area on an agricultural operation where due to the concentration
of animals it is not possible to establish and maintain vegetative
cover of a density capable of minimizing accelerated erosion and sedimentation
by usual planting methods. The term does not include entrances, pathways
and walkways between areas where animals are housed or kept in concentration.
APPLICANT
A landowner or developer, as hereinafter defined, including
his heirs, successors and assigns, who has filed an application to
the Township for approval to engage in a regulated activity and to
obtain a stormwater management or earth disturbance permit.
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE (BMP)
Activities, facilities, designs, measures, or procedures
used to manage stormwater impacts from regulated activities, to meet
state water quality requirements, to promote groundwater recharge,
and to otherwise meet the purposes of this chapter. Stormwater BMPs
are commonly grouped into one of two broad categories or measures:
"structural" or "nonstructural." In this chapter, nonstructural BMPs
or measures refer to operational and/or behavior-related practices
that attempt to minimize the contact of pollutants with stormwater
runoff, whereas structural BMPs or measures are those that consist
of a physical device or practice that is installed to capture and
treat stormwater runoff. Structural BMPs include, but are not limited
to, a wide variety of practices and devices, from large-scale retention
ponds and constructed wetlands, to small-scale underground treatment
systems, infiltration facilities, filter strips, low-impact design,
bioretention, wet ponds, permeable paving, grassed swales, riparian
or forested buffers, sand filters, detention basins, and manufactured
devices. Structural stormwater BMPs are permanent appurtenances to
the project site.
BMP MANUAL
PADEP No. 363-0300-002 (December 2006), as amended and updated.
Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual. Harrisburg,
PA.
BOARD OF SUPERVISORS
The Board of Supervisors of East Cocalico Township, Lancaster
County, Pennsylvania.
BUILDING
Any structure, either temporary or permanent, having walls
and a roof, designed or used for the shelter of any person, animal
or property and occupying more than 100 square feet of area.
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION
Documentation verifying that all permanent stormwater management
facilities have been constructed according to the plans and specifications
and approved revisions thereto.
CHANNEL
A natural or artificial watercourse with a definite bed and
banks that confine and conduct continuously or periodically flowing
water.
CHAPTER 102
Chapter 102 of the regulations of PADEP, 25 Pa. Code Chapter
102, Erosion and Sediment Control.
CHAPTER 105
Chapter 105 of the regulations of PADEP, 25 Pa. Code Chapter
105, Dam Safety and Waterway Management.
CHAPTER 106
Chapter 106 of the regulations of PADEP, 25 Pa. Code Chapter
106, Floodplain Management.
CISTERN
A reservoir or tank for storing stormwater runoff.
CLEAN WATER ACT
The 1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act, P.L. 92-500 of 1972, 33 U.S.C. § 1251 et seq.
CONSERVATION PLAN
A plan written by an NRCS certified planner that identifies
conservation practices and includes site specific BMPs for agricultural
plowing or tilling activities and animal heavy use areas.
CONSERVATION PRACTICES
Practices installed on agricultural lands to improve farmland,
soil and/or water quality which have been identified in a current
conservation plan.
CONVEYANCE
(1)
Noun. Any structure that carries a flow.
(2)
Verb. The ability of a pipe, culvert, swale or similar facility
to carry the peak flow from the design storm.
CULVERT
A structure with appurtenant works that carries a watercourse
under or through an embankment or fill.
DAM
An artificial barrier, together with its appurtenant works,
constructed for the purpose of impounding or storing water or another
fluid or semifluid, or a refuse bank, fill or structure for highway,
railroad or other purposes which does or may impound water or another
fluid or semifluid. The dam falls under the requirements of Chapter
105, Dam Safety and Waterway Management, if the following is true:
(1)
The contributory drainage area exceeds 100 acres.
(2)
The greatest depth of water measured by upstream toe of the
dam at maximum storage elevation exceeds 15 feet.
(3)
The impounding capacity at maximum storage elevation exceeds
50 acre feet.
DEDICATION
The deliberate appropriation of land by its owner for any
general and public use.
DESIGN STORM
The magnitude of precipitation from a storm event measured
in probability of occurrence (e.g., ten-year storm) and duration (e.g.,
twenty-four-hour), and used in computing stormwater runoff for the
design and evaluation of stormwater management facilities.
DETENTION BASIN
An impoundment structure designed to manage stormwater runoff
by temporarily storing the runoff and releasing it at a controlled
rate.
DEVELOPER
Any landowner, agent of such landowner, or tenant with the
permission of such landowner who makes or causes to be made a subdivision
of land or a land development, or other regulated activities covered
by this chapter.
DEVELOPMENT
Any man-made change to improved or unimproved real estate,
including but not limited to buildings or other structures, mining,
dredging, filling, grading, paving, logging, excavation, or drilling
operations.
DEVELOPMENT SITE
The specific area of land where regulated activities in the
Township are planned, conducted or maintained.
DISAPPEARING STREAM
A stream in an area underlain by limestone or dolomite that
flows underground for a portion of its length.
DISTURBED AREA
An unstabilized land area where an earth disturbance activity
is occurring or has occurred.
DRAINAGE CONVEYANCE FACILITY
A stormwater management facility designed to transmit stormwater
runoff and shall include streams, channels, swales, pipes, conduits,
storm sewers, etc.
E&S MANUAL
PADEP's E&S Manual (Erosion and Sediment Pollution
Control Program Manual, No. 363-2134-008, as amended and updated),
and the Clean Streams Law.
EARTH DISTURBANCE ACTIVITY
A construction or other human activity which disturbs the
surface of the land, including, but not limited to, clearing and grubbing;
grading; excavations; embankments; road maintenance activities; building
construction; and the moving, depositing, stockpiling, or storing
of soil, rock, or earth materials.
EASEMENT
A right-of-way granted for limited use of private land for
a public, quasi-public, or private purpose not inconsistent with a
general property right of the owner, and within which the owner of
the property shall not have the right to use the land in a manner
that violates the right of the grantee.
ENERGY DISSIPATER
A device used to slow the velocity of stormwater, particularly
at points of concentrated discharge such as pipe outlets.
ENFORCEMENT OFFICER
The duly constituted municipal official designated to administer
and enforce this chapter. The enforcement officer shall administer
this chapter in accordance with its literal terms. The enforcement
officer also may be the Building Inspector and/or Zoning Officer of
the Township or other designated person, persons or consultant.
ENGINEER, TOWNSHIP
The East Cocalico Township Engineer or any consultant designated
by the Board of Supervisors to review a stormwater or earth disturbance
plan and perform the duties of engineer on behalf of the Township.
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREA
Area with slopes greater than 15%, wetlands, natural heritage
areas and other areas designated as conservation or preservation in
Greenscapes, the Green Infrastructure Element of the County Comprehensive
Plan, where encroachment by land development or earth disturbance
results in degradation of the natural resource.
EPHEMERAL STREAM
A transient stream, one that flows for a relatively short
time.
EROSION
The removal of soil particles by the action of water, wind,
ice, or other geological agents. See "accelerated erosion."
EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL (E&S) PLAN
A site-specific plan consisting of both drawings and a narrative
that identifies BMPs to minimize accelerated erosion and sedimentation
before, during and after earth disturbance activities.
EXISTING CONDITIONS
The dominant land cover during the five-year period immediately
preceding a proposed regulated activity.
FEMA
The Federal Emergency Management Agency.
FLOOD
A general but temporary condition of partial or complete
inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of streams,
rivers, and other waters of this commonwealth.
FLOOD FRINGE
That portion of the floodplain outside of the floodway.
FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT ACT
Act of October 4, 1978, P.L. 851, No. 166, as amended, 32
P.S. § 679.101 et seq., and as may be amended in the future.
FLOODPLAIN
Any land area susceptible to inundation by water from any natural source or delineated by applicable FEMA maps and studies as being a special flood hazard area, and including areas designated as Floodplain Zone per Chapter
220, Zoning, §
220-26B.
FLOODWAY
The channel of the watercourse and those portions of the
adjoining floodplains that are reasonably required to carry and discharge
the 100-year-frequency flood. Unless otherwise specified, the boundary
of the floodway is as indicated on maps and flood insurance studies
provided by FEMA. In an area where no FEMA maps or studies have defined
the boundary of the 100-year-frequency floodway, it is assumed (absent
evidence to the contrary) that the floodway extends from the stream
to 50 feet from the top of the bank of the stream.
FOREST MANAGEMENT AND TIMBER OPERATIONS
Planning and activities necessary for the management of forestland.
These include conducting a timber inventory and preparation of forest
management plans, silvicultural treatment, cutting budgets, logging
road design and construction, timber harvesting, site preparation
and reforestation.
FREEBOARD
A vertical distance between the maximum design high-water
elevation and the top of a dam, levee, tank, basin, or diversion ridge.
FREQUENCY
The probability or chance that a given storm event/flood
will be equaled or exceeded in a given year.
GOVERNING BODY
The Board of Supervisors of East Cocalico Township, Lancaster
County, Pennsylvania.
GRADE
(1)
A slope, usually of a road, channel or natural ground, specified
in percent and shown on plans as specified herein.
(2)
"To grade": To finish the surface of a roadbed, top of embankment
or bottom of excavation.
GRASSED WATERWAY
A natural or constructed waterway, usually broad and shallow,
covered with erosion-resistant grasses, used to conduct surface water
from cropland.
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
Systems and practices that use or mimic natural processes
to infiltrate, evapotranspire, or reuse stormwater on the site where
it is generated.
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE
The process by which water from above the ground surface
is added to the saturated zone of an aquifer, either directly or indirectly.
GRUBBING
The clearing of land by digging up roots and stumps.
HIGH TUNNEL
A structure which meets the following:
(1)
Is used for the production, processing, keeping, storing, sale
or shelter of an agricultural commodity as defined in Section 2 of
the Act of December 19, 1974 (P.L. 973, No. 319), known as the "Pennsylvania
Farmland and Forest Land Assessment Act of 1974," or for the storage of agricultural equipment or supplies.
(2)
Is constructed consistent with all of the following:
(a)
Has a metal, wood or plastic frame.
(b)
When covered, has a plastic, woven textile or other flexible
covering.
(c)
Has a floor made of soil, crushed stone, matting, pavers or
a floating concrete slab.
HYDROLOGIC SOIL GROUP (HSG)
Refers to soils grouped according to their runoff-producing
characteristics by NRCS. There are four runoff potential groups ranging
from A to D:
(1)
(Low runoff potential.) Soils having high infiltration rates
even when thoroughly wetted and consisting chiefly of deep, well to
excessively drained sands or gravels. These soils have a high rate
of water transmission (greater than 0.30 inch/hour).
(2)
Soils having moderate infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted
and consisting chiefly of moderately deep to deep, moderately well
to well drained soils with moderately fine to moderately coarse textures.
These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission (from 0.15
to 0.30 inch/hour).
(3)
Soils having slow infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted
and consisting chiefly of soils with a layer that impedes downward
movement of water, or soils with moderately fine to fine texture.
These soils have a slow rate of water transmission (from 0.05 to 0.15
inch/hour).
(4)
(High runoff potential.) Soils having very slow infiltration
rates when thoroughly wetted and consisting chiefly of clay soils
with a high swelling potential, soils with a permanent high-water
table, soils with a clay pan or clay layer at or near the surface,
and shallow soils over nearly impervious material. These soils have
a very slow rate of water transmission (from 0 to 0.05 inch/hour).
IMPERVIOUS SURFACE (IMPERVIOUS AREA)
Surfaces which prevent the infiltration of water into the
ground. All structures, buildings, parking areas, driveways, roads,
streets, sidewalks, decks, and any areas of concrete, asphalt, packed
stone, and compacted soil shall be considered impervious surface if
they prevent infiltration. In addition, other areas determined by
the Township Engineer to be impervious within the meaning of this
definition will also be classed as impervious surfaces.
IMPOUNDMENT
A retention or detention basin designed to retain stormwater
runoff and infiltrate it into the ground (in the case of a retention
basin) or release it at a controlled rate (in the case of a detention
basin).
IMPROVEMENTS
Those physical additions and changes to the land that may
be necessary to produce usable and desirable lots.
INFILTRATION STRUCTURES
A structure designed to direct runoff into the ground (e.g.,
French drains, seepage pits, seepage trench, rain gardens, vegetated
swales, pervious paving, infiltration basins, etc.).
INLET
A surface connection to a closed drain. The upstream end
of any structure through which water may flow.
INTERMITTENT
A natural, transient body or conveyance of water that exists
for a relatively long time, but for weeks or months of the year is
below the local water table and obtains its flow from both surface
runoff and groundwater discharges.
INVASIVE VEGETATION
Plants which grow quickly and aggressively, spreading, and
displacing other plants. Invasive vegetation typically is introduced
into a region far from its native habitat. See Invasive Plants in
Pennsylvania by the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.
KARST
A type of topography or landscape characterized by features
including but not limited to surface depressions, sinkholes, rock
pinnacles/uneven bedrock surface, underground drainage, and caves.
Karst is formed on carbonate rocks, such as limestone or dolomite.
LAND DEVELOPMENT
Any of the following activities:
(1)
The improvement of one lot or two or more contiguous lots, tracts
or parcels of land for any purpose involving:
(a)
A group of two or more residential or nonresidential buildings,
whether proposed initially or cumulatively, or a single nonresidential
building on a lot or lots regardless of the number of occupants or
tenure; or
(b)
The division or allocation of land or space, whether initially
or cumulatively, between or among two or more existing or prospective
occupants by means of, or for the purpose of, streets, common areas,
leaseholds, condominiums, building groups or other features.
(3)
Development in accordance with Section 503(1.1) of the MPC.
LANDOWNER
The legal or beneficial owner or owners of land, including
the holder of an option or contract to purchase (whether or not such
option or contract is subject to any condition), a lessee if he is
authorized under the lease to exercise the rights of the landowner,
or other person having a proprietary interest in land.
LCCD
Lancaster County Conservation District.
LIMITING ZONE
A rock formation, other stratum, or soil condition which
is so slowly permeable that it effectively limits downward passage
of effluent. Season high-water tables, whether perched or regional,
also constitute a limiting zone.
LINEAMENT
A linear feature in a landscape which is an expression of
an underlying geological structure such as a fault.
LOT
A designated parcel, tract, or area of land established by
a plat or otherwise permitted by law and to be used, developed or
built upon as a unit.
LOW-IMPACT DEVELOPMENT (LID)
Site design approaches and small-scale stormwater management
practices that promote the use of natural systems for infiltration,
evapotranspiration, and reuse of rainwater. LID can be applied to
new development, urban retrofits, and revitalization projects. LID
utilizes design techniques that infiltrate, filter, evaporate, and
store runoff close to its source. Rather than rely on costly large-scale
conveyance and treatment systems, LID addresses stormwater through
a variety of small, cost-effective landscape features located on site.
MAINTENANCE GUARANTEE
A guarantee by the developer of the structural integrity
of improvements dedicated to the Township.
MANNING EQUATION (MANNING FORMULA)
A method for calculation of velocity of flow (e.g., feet
per second) and flow rate (e.g., cubic feet per second) in open channels
based upon channel shape, roughness, depth of flow and slope. "Open
channels" may include closed conduits so long as the flow is not under
pressure. Manning's Equation assumes steady, gradually varied
flow.
MAXIMUM EXTENT PRACTICABLE (MEP)
Applies when the applicant demonstrates to the Township's
satisfaction that the performance standard is not achievable. The
applicant shall take into account the best available technology, cost
effectiveness, geographic features, and other competing interests
such as protection of human safety and welfare, protection of endangered
and threatened resources, and preservation of historic properties
in making the assertion that the performance standard cannot be met
and that a different means of control is appropriate.
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
An agreement between East Cocalico Township and the LCCD
to provide for cooperation between the LCCD and the East Cocalico
Township officials, Lancaster County, to include within its ordinances,
and to jointly promote conservation of natural resources within East
Cocalico Township on lands both public and private, for the purposes
of preventing accelerated soil erosion and sedimentation of streams,
reducing stormwater damage, and promoting the health, safety and general
welfare of the residents of East Cocalico Township.
MPC
The Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, Act of July
1, 1967, P.L. 805, No. 247, as reenacted and amended, 53 P.S. § 10101
et seq., and as may be amended in the future.
MUNICIPAL AUTHORITY USES
Includes wells, well pump houses, water tanks, sewage treatment
plants and sewage pump stations, water booster pump stations, water
treatment plants, and collection and distribution systems owned by
the Township or by an authority created by the Township or of which
the Township is a member municipality. All of the foregoing, except
sewage treatment plants, shall be considered structures and not buildings
under this chapter.
MUNICIPAL SEPARATE STORM SEWER
A conveyance or system of conveyances (including roads with
drainage systems, Township streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters,
ditches, man-made channels, or storm drains), which is all of the
following:
(1)
Owned or operated by a state, city, town, borough, township,
county, district, association or other public body (created under
state law) having jurisdiction over disposal of sewage, industrial
wastes, stormwater or other wastes;
(2)
Designed or used for collecting or conveying stormwater;
(3)
Not a combined sewer; and
(4)
Not part of a publicly owned treatment works as defined at 40
CFR 122.2.
MUNICIPAL SEPARATE STORM SEWER SYSTEM (MS4)
All separate storm sewers that are defined as "large" or
"medium" or "small" municipal separate storm sewer systems pursuant
to 40 CFR 122.26(b)(18), or designated as regulated under 40 CFR 122.26(a)(1)(v).
MUNICIPAL USES
Includes public uses and semipublic uses, such as schools,
parks, recreation centers, fire stations, and municipal buildings
and garages.
MUNICIPALITY
East Cocalico Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.
NATIVE VEGETATION
Plant species that have evolved or are indigenous to a specific
geographical area. These plants are adapted to local soil and weather
conditions as well as pests and diseases.
NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Any source of water pollution that does not meet the legal
definition of "point source" in Section 502(14) of the Clean Water
Act.
NONSTRUCTURAL BMPS
Planning and design approaches, operational and/or behavior-related
practices which minimize stormwater runoff generation resulting from
an alteration of the land surface or limit contact of pollutants with
stormwater runoff.
NPDES
A permit issued under 25 Pa. Code Chapter 92a (relating to
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permitting, monitoring
and compliance) for the discharge or potential discharge of pollutants
from a point source to surface waters.
NRCS
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (previously SCS).
ON-SITE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
The control of runoff to allow water falling on a given site
to be absorbed or detained on site to the extent that after development
the peak rate of discharge leaving the site is no greater than if
the site had remained undeveloped.
OPEN CHANNEL
A drainage element in which stormwater flows with an open
surface. Open channels include, but shall not be limited to, natural
and man-made drainageways, swales, streams, ditches, canals, and pipes
flowing partly full.
OUTFALL
Point where water flows from a conduit, stream, or drain.
OUTLET
Points of water disposal from a stream, river, lake, tidewater
or artificial drain.
PADEP
The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection or
any agency successor to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Protection.
PARENT TRACT
All contiguous land held in single and separate ownership,
regardless of whether i) such land is divided into one or more lots,
parcels, purparts or tracts; ii) such land was acquired by the landowner
at different times or by different deeds, devise, partition or otherwise;
or iii) such land is bisected by public or private streets or rights-of-way,
which was held by the landowner or his predecessor in title on the
effective date of this chapter.
PEAK DISCHARGE
The maximum rate of flow of water at a given point and time
resulting from a specified storm event.
PENNDOT
The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation or any agency
successor thereto.
PERSON
An individual, partnership, association, corporation or other
legally recognized entity and the members of such partnership or association
and the officers of such corporation.
PERVIOUS AREA
Any material/surface that allows water to pass through at
a rate equal to or greater than natural ground cover.
PIPE
A culvert, closed conduit, or similar structure (including
appurtenances) that conveys stormwater.
PLAN
The stormwater management and erosion and sediment pollution
control plans and narratives.
PROBABLE MAXIMUM FLOOD (PMF)
The flood that may be expected from the most severe combination
of critical meteorologic and hydrologic conditions that are reasonably
possible in any area. The PMF is derived from the probable maximum
precipitation (PMP) as determined on the basis of data obtained from
the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
PROCESS WASTEWATER
Water that comes in contact with any raw material, product,
by-product, or waste during any production or industrial process.
PROJECT SITE
An area of land under earth disturbance or development and
within the jurisdiction of this chapter.
PUBLIC GROUNDS
Parks, playgrounds, trails, paths and other recreational
areas; sites for schools, sewage treatment, refuse disposal and other
publicly owned or operated facilities; publicly owned or operated
scenic and historic sites.
QUALIFIED PROFESSIONAL
Any person licensed by the Pennsylvania Department of State
or otherwise qualified by law to perform the work required by this
chapter.
RATE CONTROL
Stormwater management controls used to manage the peak flows
for the purposes of channel protection and flood mitigation.
RECORD DRAWINGS
Set of prints of the original facilities showing those changes
made during the construction process.
REDEVELOPMENT
Any physical improvement to a previously developed lot that
involves earth disturbance, removal, or addition of impervious surfaces.
REGISTERED PROFESSIONAL
A person duly licensed as a professional engineer, surveyor,
geologist, or landscape architect by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
REGULATED ACTIVITIES
Activities, including earth disturbance activities, that
involve the alteration or development of land in a manner that may
affect stormwater runoff. Regulated activities shall include, but
not be limited to:
(1)
Land development subject to the requirements of Chapter
194, Subdivision and Land Development;
(2)
Removal of ground cover, grading, filling or excavation;
(3)
Construction of new or additional impervious or semi-impervious
surfaces (driveways, parking lots, etc.), and associated improvements;
(4)
Construction of new buildings or additions to existing buildings;
(5)
Installation or alteration of stormwater management facilities
and appurtenances thereto;
(6)
Diversion or piping of any watercourse; and
(7)
Any other regulated activities where the Township determines
that said activities may affect any existing watercourse's stormwater
management facilities, or stormwater drainage patterns.
RETENTION BASIN
A stormwater management facility that includes a permanent
pool for water quality treatment and additional capacity above the
permanent pool for temporary runoff storage.
RIGHT-OF-WAY
The total width of any land reserved or dedicated as a street,
alley, crosswalk or for other public or semipublic purposes.
RIPARIAN
Pertaining to wetlands or a surface watercourse through which
waters flow at least intermittently.
RIPARIAN BUFFER
An area delineated along and generally parallel to a surface water course in which naturally successive vegetation is allowed to grow, or is planted, which offers environmental and ecological benefit. Also a BMP that is a permanent area of trees and shrubs located adjacent to surface watercourses and wetlands. See Chapter
220, Zoning, §
220-29.
RISER
A vertical pipe or outlet structure extending from the bottom
of a pond that is used to control the discharge rate from the pond
for a specified design storm.
ROOFTOP DETENTION
Temporary ponding and gradual release of stormwater falling
directly onto flat roof surfaces by incorporating controlled-flow
roof drains into building designs.
RUNOFF
Any part of precipitation that flows over the land surface.
SCS
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation
Service (now known as "NRCS").
SEDIMENT
Soils or other surficial materials transported by surface
water as a product of erosion.
SEDIMENT BASIN
A barrier, dam, retention or detention basin located and
designed to retain rock, sand, gravel, silt, or other material transported
by water.
SEDIMENT POLLUTION
The placement, discharge or any other introduction of sediment
into the waters of the commonwealth occurring from the failure to
design, construct, implement or maintain control measures and control
facilities in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.
SEDIMENTATION
The action or process of forming or depositing sediment in
waters of this commonwealth.
SEDIMENTATION CONTROL
The use of man-made or other methods to minimize accelerated
erosion and sedimentation.
SEEPAGE BED/SEEPAGE TRENCH
An area of excavated earth filled with loose stone or similar
coarse material into which surface water is directed for infiltration
into the ground.
SHEET FLOW
Runoff which flows over the ground surface as a thin, even
layer, not concentrated in a channel.
SMALL PROJECT
Regulated activities that, measured on a cumulative basis
from August 6, 2003, the adoption date of Ordinance No. 2003-01, create
new impervious areas of more than 1,000 square feet and less than
2,000 square feet or less or involve earth disturbance activities
of an area less than 5,000 square feet and do not involve the alteration
of stormwater facilities or watercourses.
SMALL STORM EVENT
A storm having a frequency of recurrence of once every two
years or smaller.
SOIL-COVER COMPLEX METHOD
A method of runoff computation developed by the SCS (now
NRCS) that is based on relating soil type and land use/cover to a
runoff parameter called "Curve Number (CN)." For more information,
see "Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds," Second Edition, Technical
Release No. 55, SCS, June 1986 (or most current edition).
SPILLWAY
A depression in the embankment of a pond or basin which is
used to pass a post-development 100-year storm peak flow rate.
STATE WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
The regulatory requirements to protect, maintain, reclaim,
and restore water quality under Title 25 of the Pennsylvania Code,
the Clean Streams Law and the Clean Water Act.
STORM EVENT
A storm of a specific duration, intensity, and frequency.
STORM FREQUENCY
The number of times that a given storm event occurs or is
exceeded on the average in a stated period of years.
STORM SEWER
A system of pipes, conduits, swales, or other similar structures
including appurtenant works which carries intercepted runoff, and
other drainage, but excludes domestic sewage and industrial wastes.
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT ACT
The Pennsylvania Storm Water Management Act, Act of October
4, 1978, P.L. 864, No. 167, as amended, 32 P.S. § 680.1
et seq.
STORMWATER
Drainage runoff from the surface of the land resulting from
precipitation or snow or ice melt.
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
A program of controls and measures, including BMPs, designed
to regulate the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff from a development
while promoting the protection and conservation of groundwaters and
groundwater recharge.
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIES
Any structure, natural or man-made, that, due to its condition,
design, or construction, conveys, stores, infiltrates/evaporates/transpires,
cleans or otherwise affects stormwater runoff. Typical SWM facilities
include, but are not limited to, detention and retention basins, open
channels, watercourses, road gutters, swales, storm sewers, pipes,
BMPs, and infiltration structures.
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PERMIT
A permit issued by the Township after the stormwater management
site plan has been approved. Said permit is issued prior to or with
the final municipal approval.
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT SITE PLAN
The plan prepared by the developer or his representative
indicating how stormwater runoff will be managed at a particular site
according to this chapter.
STREAM ENCLOSURE
A bridge, culvert or other structure in excess of 100 feet
in length upstream to downstream which encloses a regulated water
of this commonwealth.
STREET
A strip of land, including the entire right-of-way (i.e.,
not limited to the cartway) intended to be used by vehicular traffic
or pedestrians. The word "street" includes street, avenue, boulevard,
road, highway, freeway, parkway, lane, alley, viaduct and other ways
used or intended to be used by vehicular traffic or pedestrians whether
public or private.
STRUCTURAL BMPS
Physical devices and practices that capture and treat stormwater
runoff. Structural stormwater BMPs are permanent appurtenances to
the development site.
STRUCTURE
Any man-made object having an ascertainable stationary location
on or in land or water, whether or not affixed to the land.
SUBDIVIDER
Any landowner, agent of such landowner, or tenant with the
permission of such landowner, who makes or causes to be made a subdivision
or a land development.
SUBWATERSHED
Any of several parts of a watershed that drains to a specific
location.
SUPERVISORS
The East Cocalico Township Board of Supervisors.
SWALE
A natural channel or other low-lying stretch of land that
collects or carries surface water runoff.
SWM
Stormwater management.
TILE FIELD (TILING)
The installation of subsurface drainage facilities (i.e.,
pipe, etc.) to drain areas otherwise affected by high groundwater
levels.
TIME OF CONCENTRATION (TC)
The time for surface runoff to travel from the hydraulically
most distant point of the watershed to a point of interest within
the watershed. This time is the combined total of overland flow time
and flow time in pipes or channels, if any.
TOP OF STREAM BANK
First substantial break in slope between the edge of the
bed of the stream and the surrounding terrain. The top of stream bank
can either be a natural or constructed (that is, road or railroad
grade) feature, lying generally parallel to the watercourse.
TOWNSHIP
East Cocalico Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.
USDA
United States Department of Agriculture.
VOLUME CONTROL
SWM controls, or BMPs, used to remove a predetermined amount
of runoff or the increase in volume between the predevelopment and
post-development design storm.
WATERCOURSE
A perennial or intermittent stream, river, brook, creek,
run, channel, swale, pond, lake, or other body of surface water, carrying
or holding surface water, whether natural or man-made, for gathering
or carrying surface water from stormwater runoff and/or from groundwater
that has reached the surface of land.
WATERCOURSE, MAN-MADE
Any watercourse designed and constructed as a land development
improvement, including stormwater drainage swales, retention basins,
detention basins, farm ponds, canals, aqueducts, or other similar
constructions.
WATERS OF THE COMMONWEALTH
Any and all rivers, streams, creeks, rivulets, ditches, watercourses,
storm sewers, lakes, dammed water, wetlands, ponds, springs, and all
other bodies or channels of conveyance of surface and underground
water, or parts thereof, whether natural or artificial, within or
on the boundaries of this commonwealth.
WATERSHED
Region or area drained by a river, watercourse, or other
surface water of this commonwealth.
WETLAND DELINEATION
The defined boundary between a wetland and an upland, in
accordance with the Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating
Jurisdictional Wetlands, 1987.
WETLANDS
Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface water
or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support,
and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation
typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions, including
swamps, marshes, bogs, ferns, and similar areas.
WOODLAND
Land predominantly covered with trees and shrubs. Without
limiting the foregoing, "woodlands" include all land areas of 10,000
square feet or greater, supporting at least 100 trees per acre, so
that either:
(1)
At least 50 trees are two inches or greater in diameter at breast
height (DBH); or
(2)
Fifty trees are at least 12 feet in height.