[HISTORY: Adopted by the Town Board of the
Town of Crawford as indicated in article histories. Amendments noted
where applicable.]
[Adopted 6-16-1969 by L.L. No. 1-1969]
[Amended 3-11-1999 by L.L. No. 1-1999]
No person, firm or corporation shall, after
the effective date of this article, cut, construct or locate any driveway
entrance or exit into a highway of the Town of Crawford without having
first received permission to do so from the Superintendent of Highways
of said Town. No permit shall be granted relocating a driveway location
shown on an approved plat without the approval of the Planning Board.
Any person, firm or corporation desiring to make, construct or locate a driveway entrance or exit into a Town highway of the Town of Crawford shall make an application for a permit so to do to the Highway Superintendent of said Town. In addition to the general standard driveway entrance and exit crossing requirements set forth in § 118-3, the Highway Superintendent of the Town of Crawford may impose any special requirements which the particular situation at the location where such driveway is sought to be located requires in his judgment under the circumstances.
The standard driveway entrance and exit crossing
requirements shall be as follows:
A.
The applicant shall furnish all materials and bear
all costs of construction within the highway right-of-way and pay
the costs of all work done and materials furnished as required to
meet the conditions of any permit issued by the Town Highway Superintendent.
B.
No alteration or addition shall be made to any driveway
heretofore or hereafter constructed nor shall any such driveway be
relocated without first securing a new permit from the Town Highway
Superintendent.
C.
No more than two driveways to a single commercial
establishment entering on one highway shall be permitted.
D.
The maximum width for a single combined entrance or
exit shall be not more than 50 feet for commercial use and not more
than 16 feet for residential use. The maximum width for each driveway
when two or more are permitted shall not be more than 35 feet.
E.
The angle of the driveway with respect to the pavement
shall not be less than 45°.
F.
No driveway shall be permitted within 50 feet of any
public highway intersection.
H.
A fully dimensioned plan of the proposed driveway
shall be attached to each application for a permit required hereunder.
I.
Any culvert pipe required to be installed at such
driveway entrance or exit shall be of corrugated pipe no smaller than
12 inches in diameter and no shorter than 20 feet in length.
[Amended 5-8-1997 by L.L. No. 4-1997[1]]
Additional requirements for design of driveways and sight distance are found in Article II of this chapter.
[1]
Editor's Note: This local law also provided
that it shall supersede any inconsistent provision of the Town Law.
[Adopted 12-12-1996 by L.L. No. 2-1996[1]]
[1]
Editor's Note: This local law also repealed
former Art. II, Street Specifications, adopted 8-9-1979 by L.L. No.
3-1979.
It is the purpose of these specifications to
establish minimum acceptable standards for street construction in
the Town of Crawford, Orange County, New York. In setting forth these
standards for the protection of the public safety, the Town Board
determines that the specifications, standards and requirements contained
herein are the minimum standards to which all streets in the Town
of Crawford must hereinafter be constructed if such streets shall
be dedicated to the Town. The terms "streets" and "roads" are used
interchangeably in these specifications.
A.
A plan of the proposed street shall be prepared by
a qualified professional engineer or qualified land surveyor licensed
by the State of New York. The street design plans shall show the following
elements, as a minimum:
(1)
Proposed right-of-way described by metes and bounds,
and the location of proposed monuments.
(2)
The location, width, profiles and parades of the proposed
roadway.
(3)
Cross sections of the roadbed, superelevations and
maximum safe speed of curves.
(4)
The storm drainage system including calculated runoffs,
culverts, ditches and other drainage structures with invert elevations,
slopes and calculated capacities.
(5)
The location of easements and utilities, including
electrical, gas, telephone, water and sewer lines.
(6)
Positive drainage outlets shall be indicated and means
of access (easement) if not within the applicant's property. Easements
shall be described by metes and bounds.
(7)
The names of adjacent property owners including names
of property owners adjacent to off-site drainage outlets.
B.
One copy each of the plans shall be submitted to the Town Superintendent of Highways and Town Engineer at the time of application to the Planning Board pursuant to Chapter 121 of the Code of the Town of Crawford, and to the County Superintendent of Highways when said proposed street drains toward, intersects or may otherwise affect a county highway. The Town Board must give final approval of preliminary drawings after approval by the Superintendent of Highways and the Planning Board. Such streets must not be subject to any right or easement to others which will in any way interfere with its use as a street at all times. Such streets must be offered to the Town by an appropriate offer of dedication, including deeds and easements, containing the correct metes and bounds description as shown on the approved map. The offer of dedication, deeds, easements and filing instruments must be approved by the Attorney for the Town. Fees must be paid by the applicant.
C.
A technical review by the Town Engineer of the street
plans, as described herein, is required. Field inspection by the Town
Engineer or Highway Superintendent of the proposed street or streets
during construction is also required. The applicant shall reimburse
the Town for the professional fees required in accordance with the
review and/or inspection.
D.
Permanent and temporary easements must be furnished
in said deed granting to the Town the right to maintain all outlets
for surface water or natural stream drainage which will run from such
roadway over private property to a point where a natural watercourse
exists and to which such outlet and easement will carry such water.
A minimum of 20 feet width of easement shall be required for the maintenance
of said easements.
E.
The proposed roadway must be constructed to conform to the minimum requirements and standards set forth herein and notation citing Chapter 118, Article II, Town Road and Street Specifications, in the Code of the Town of Crawford be affixed to the street improvement plan and approved subdivision plot.
Plans submitted shall not be altered or amended
after having been approved by the Town Superintendent of Highways
and Town Board, unless amended plans are resubmitted and approved.
However, the developer, at his own expense, shall provide additional
storm drainage facilities or utilities as may be ordered by the Town
Superintendent of Highways if during the course of construction, in
the opinion of the Town Superintendent of Highways, the Town Engineer
and/or the County Superintendent of Highways, such additional structures
or facilities are necessary to prevent any need for future installations
of utilities or culverts within the pavement area, to assure the durability
of pavement, future maintenance of right-of-way, or welfare and safety
of the public. If construction of said street has not been started
within one year from the date of final approval by the Town Planning
Board, plans shall be subject to resubmittal and reapproval.
A.
Performance bonds. Prior to the signing and filing of a subdivision plat, all public improvements associated with the streets, if not properly completed, must be bonded for a term not exceeding three years pursuant to the requirements of the Town Law, as may be supplemented and/or superseded by Chapter 64, Bonds, of the Code of the Town of Crawford. The minimum total amount of the bond shall be determined by applying to the quantities or dimensions shown on the approved street improvement plan, the rates set forth in the Town of Crawford Standard Schedule of Rates for New Street Construction[1] as may be from time to time adopted by resolution of the
Town Board. Additional amounts shall be added for inflation, engineering
and attorneys fees.
[1]
Editor's Note: The Standard Schedule of Rates for New Street Construction is included as an attachment to this chapter.
B.
Maintenance bonds.
(1)
No plat shall be signed or filed unless a maintenance bond for all public improvements, whether previously bonded or not, is posted in accordance with the requirements of the Town Law, as may be supplemented and/or superseded by Chapter 64, Bonds, of the Code of the Town of Crawford, guaranteeing that for a period of one year from the date of acceptance of the dedication of the street by the Town, the developer will maintain the street to the standard of construction set by these specifications, normal wear and tear excepted. This shall be interpreted to mean that the developer will, at his own expense, repair and make good any defects or damage which may develop during this maintenance period. Damage for which the developer is responsible includes natural causes, such as frost heave, settling, erosion, etc., and also physical damage by the developer or his agents, such as might occur in conjunction with heavy equipment being transported to construction sites. During the maintenance period, the Town shall be responsible for snow and ice control, street cleaning, cleaning of culverts and catch basins. Nothing herein shall require the Town to accept the dedication at the time of substantial completion or at any time thereafter.
(2)
The amount of the maintenance bond shall be determined by the Town
Board and shall be at least equal to 10% of the original amount of
the performance bond or the calculated amount thereof.
[Amended 3-16-2006 by L.L. No. 2-2006]
A.
Before offering for sale any lot not on a public highway,
the applicant must first file at the office of the County Clerk plans
which have been approved by the Planning Board of the Town of Crawford.
Public improvements, including new road construction, must be completed
and bonded in accordance with state and local law. In addition, the
applicant shall have secured approvals of any other agency or entity
which may be required in conjunction with the particular development
project.
B.
Prior to the issuance of a building permit for any lot, the developer
shall complete all site improvements (except as otherwise provided
herein), including but not limited to clearing, grubbing and excavation;
filling; grading; erosion control and storm drainage, both within
the development and any required off-site improvements; water and/or
sewer mains and other appurtenances; and all signage, including but
not limited to street signs, stop signs, speed limit signs and dead-end
signs. Prior to the issuance of a building permit for any lot, the
developer shall complete all roadway improvements within the development,
except for the top course of asphalt, and there shall be suitable
access by fire, police, ambulance and other emergency vehicles to
sites of building construction, as determined by the Building Inspector.
[Amended 3-16-2006 by L.L. No. 2-2006]
C.
Prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy for any lot,
construction of the roadway upon which the lot fronts must be completed
to the satisfaction of the Town. The Town Highway Superintendent may,
at his sole discretion, allow application of the top course of asphalt
to be deferred if the new roadway is expected to experience significant
use by construction equipment for a period of time in conjunction
with ongoing development. Any such decision of the Highway Superintendent
shall be conditioned upon the posting by the developer of adequate
monetary funds, directly accessible by the Town, to secure completion
of the roadway and any other related improvements. The one-year maintenance
period shall not commence until the roadway and all public improvements
are completed and accepted by the Town.
[Amended 3-16-2006 by L.L. No. 2-2006]
A.
Where streets are to be dedicated, such dedication
shall not be accepted until the applicant's professional engineer
or licensed land surveyor and the Town Superintendent of Highways
and, if requested by the Highway Superintendent, the Town Engineer
shall have certified to the Town Board in writing that the construction
of the streets has been completed in accordance with the approved
plans and specifications that follow, and that the total right-of-way
area has been cleared of all debris and all construction completed
in a workmanlike manner. The Town shall have the right to rely on
the opinion of the applicant's engineer, even if it has received a
concurring opinion from its own professionals.
B.
In his written certification, as required above, the
developer's professional engineer shall state clearly that he has
inspected all phases of the street construction and that all work
has been completed in accordance with the approved plans and specifications.
C.
There shall also be a certification from a licensed
land surveyor stating that monumentation has been accurately set,
and that the new road, together with related improvements, has been
constructed within the right-of-way bounds.
A.
The following sections include general and more detailed
specifications for design and construction of new streets. These are
minimum standards, which may have to be made more stringent for specific
situations, if so determined by the Town Highway Superintendent or
the Town Engineer.
A.
Dead-end streets and culs-de-sac are subject to the development standards in the subdivision of land regulations. See § 121-4A of the Code of the Town of Crawford.
B.
Culs-de-sac shall generally be circular, with radii
of sufficient length to permit both cars and trucks to negotiate the
curve in a counter clockwise direction. Where the Highway Superintendent
permits, a tee or "hammerhead" type turnaround design may be used.
The length of the tee must be sufficient to permit the largest trucks
to pull ahead, back up, and then exit the turn around. Minimum dimensions
of circular culs-de-sac and tee-type turnarounds are shown in Figures
3 and 4.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Figures 3 and 4 are included
at the end of this chapter.
A.
Intersections are subject to the development standards in the subdivision of land regulations. See § 121-4A of the Code of the Town of Crawford. All intersections with existing Town or county roads shall be constructed with the edge of pavement having a radius of 20 feet maximum. Intersections within a development shall be constructed with the edge of pavement having a radius of 25 feet minimum and 35 feet maximum.
B.
Where a development street intersects a Town or county
road, the approved plans will show the proposed type, length and diameter
of pipe and drainage flow along the existing public road. The pipe
will be installed and paid for by the developer under the direction
of the Town Superintendent of Highways and Town Engineer, or the County
Superintendent of Highways or his representative, as the case may
be. The grade of the intersecting street with a Town or county road
shall be a negative 2% from the edge of pavement of the Town or county
road for a distance of 50 feet along the center line of the new road.
The County Superintendent of Highways shall be notified of all intersections
with county roads for approval of location, grade and drainage structures.
All intersection configurations shall comply with sight distance requirements
set forth herein.
A.
Minimum horizontal sight distance shall be as follows:
[Amended 7-12-2001 by L.L. No. 2-2001]
|
Speed Limit
(miles per hour)
|
Sight Distance
(feet)
|
|---|---|
|
30 or less
|
300
|
|
Each additional 5
|
Additional 50
|
B.
The above-mentioned minimum sight distances shall apply to street intersections and driveways. Additional sight distance may be required in specific locations, in consideration of steep slopes, or other conditions. Sight distance shall be determined in accordance with Figure 5.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Figure 5 is included at the end of this chapter.
C.
Whenever the Planning Board, any other Town board
or the Town Highway Superintendent requires that a property owner
grant a sight-distance easement to the Town as a condition of any
approval or permit, then the property owner shall be responsible to
perpetually maintain the easement area in order to preserve the required
sight distance. The Town shall have the right, but not the duty or
obligation, to enter upon the property and maintain said easement
area for public purposes if it so chooses, unless other arrangements
are specifically authorized by the Town Board or official requiring
the easement. If the Town performs any such work, all of the Town's
costs shall be paid by the property owner and, if not paid, may be
assessed and levied as a lien against the property and collected in
the same manner as real property taxes. The existence and location
of the sight-distance easement shall be noted on any approved map
or plan, and the Town may require the recording in the County Clerk's
office of any sight-distance easement.
[Added 7-12-2001 by L.L. No. 2-2001]
D.
The minimum sight distance requirements set forth in Subsection A above shall not apply to a lot shown on a subdivision plat approved by the Planning Board and filed in the County Clerk's office prior to July 12, 2001. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, the minimum horizontal sight distance for all such lots shall be 200 feet.
[Added 5-21-2015 by L.L.
No. 3-2015]
In general, street lines within a block, deflecting
from each other at any one point by more than 10°, shall be connected
with a curve, the radius of which for the center line of the street
shall not be less than 400 feet on major streets, 200 feet on collector
streets and 100 feet on minor streets. The outer street line in each
case shall be parallel to such inner street line. A tangent of at
least 100 feet long shall be introduced between reverse curves on
arterial and collector streets.
A.
Where required by the Superintendent of Highways, paved gutters shall be constructed on one or both sides of the street. Such paved gutters shall be considered as part of the construction of shoulders. Grading of shoulders and paved gutters shall be simultaneous, being shaped and rolled just prior to the application of asphalt pavement. The grades on paved gutters shall be maintained relative to the center-line elevation to ensure good runoff of surface water. It should be noted that the foundation course of the street pavement extends to the outer edge of the paved gutter. Paved gutters shall conform with Figure 1.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Figure 1 is included at the end of this chapter.
B.
Where permitted by the Town Highway Superintendent,
gutters may be unpaved, but shall be either lined with stone or seeded.
Stone lining shall generally be clean crushed rock, between three
inches and six inches in size, depending on the particular application.
Ditches to be seeded should be lined with burlap or suitable manufactured
reinforcement netting, designed to hold topsoil and prevent erosion
until grass growth becomes established.
The grade of the street shall not be in excess
of 10% nor less than 1%. At intersections, a 2% negative grade shall
be provided for a distance of 50 feet from the edge of the traveled
way. The Town Highway Superintendent or Town Engineer must approve
any exception.
A.
The developer shall design and construct all driveways
within the limits of the right-of-way with sufficient sight distance
and with a grade no more than one inch per foot from curb or ditch
line to the right-of-way line. The maximum width of the driveway pavement
at the curb or street pavement line shall be 16 feet tapering to a
minimum of 10 feet at the right-of-way line. All driveways shall have
a minimum eight-inch run-of-bank (R.O.B.) gravel foundation course
from curb or ditch line to the right-of-way line and no less than
three-inch asphalt wearing course from curb or street pavement line
to the right-of-way line which shall be applied during or after the
laying of the street pavement. The Town Highway Superintendent or
Town Engineer may require asphalt paving beyond the right-of-way line,
into the property, where special circumstances warrant.
B.
All driveways shall be graded to the satisfaction
of the Town Superintendent of Highways prior to the surfacing of such
driveways.
C.
If driveway culverts are required, they shall be a
minimum of 12 inches in diameter and 30 feet long. Culvert pipe material
shall comply with culvert drain pipe as specified elsewhere. A minimum
of 12 inches of cover shall be provided over the culvert.
D.
No driveway entrance shall be constructed without
an approved driveway permit application being filed with the Town
Highway Superintendent. Only one driveway entrance per lot shall be
permitted.
Where surface water from streets must lead through,
other than gutters and storm drains or existing stream channels, outside
the right-of-way, permanent drainage easements having a minimum width
of 20 feet shall be provided to a point where a natural watercourse
exists. In some cases this may include easements over property outside
the boundaries of the subdivision involved. Natural stream or ditch
channels shall have a minimum of twenty-foot-wide permanent easements
and be shown on the proposed plans of the subdivision, if required
by the Town Engineer for a specific public purpose. All permanent
easement lines shall be monumented as a right-of-way.
Road and development plans shall include erosion
control measures, which will be provided during construction as necessary,
using appropriate techniques for specific situations. Erosion control
measures shall be employed as necessary to prevent loss of soil from
erosion, and also to prevent resulting property damage, siltation
and contamination of watercourses or impoundments. Erosion control
measures may include hay bales, silt fences, diversion ditches, siltation
ponds, dumped stone or other provisions, used singly or in combination
as needed.
Where required by the Highway Superintendent, portland cement concrete curbs shall be constructed to the dimensions and specifications shown in Figure 6.[1] A base course of six inches of R.O.B. gravel, tamped and
free of stone over two inches thick shall be laid under all curbing.
A concrete mix of 3,500 pounds per square inch after 28 days shall
be used and shall be finished and cured to the satisfaction of the
Town Superintendent of Highways and Town Engineer. Curbs shall be
depressed four inches at all driveways. Stone curbs or precast curbs
may be substituted on approval of the Town Superintendent of Highways
and Town Engineer.
[1]
Editor's Note: Figure 6 is included at the end of this chapter.
Where required by the Town Engineer or Highway Superintendent, the developer shall provide and install guide rails in accordance with the standards set forth in the Highway Design Manual, Facilities Design Division, New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT), Chapter 10.
A.
The drainage system and/or culverts, with respect
to all proposed streets and driveways, shall be designed in accordance
with established engineering principles and approved by the Town Superintendent
of Highways. Plans for any drainage structure other than pipe culverts,
when existing or proposed, shall be submitted in detail to the Town
Superintendent of Highways and Town Engineer for approval. The minimum
grade of any drainage pipe or culvert shall not be less than 1%. The
approved plans shall show invert elevations of the inlet and outlet
of all drainage structures. Any deviation from the approval plans
shall be on approval of the Town Superintendent of Highways or Town
Engineer, in writing. Any substantial change shall require amendment
of the subdivision plat. No culvert pipe shall be less than 15 inches
in diameter unless by approval of the Town Superintendent of Highways.
Pipe for culverts may be reinforced concrete, which shall conform
to the attached specifications for materials, corrugated metal pipe
of a gauge in accordance with the New York State Specifications for
Corrugated Metal Pipe, or high-density polyethylene corrugated pipe
with smooth interiors, equal to ADS N-12 pipe.
B.
The width of the trench in which the pipe is laid
shall be sufficient to permit tamping of the backfill around the pipe.
A cushion of at least six inches shall be laid in line with grade
prior to laying the pipe. No rock over three inches in thickness shall
protrude or lay in this cushion. The soil below the cushion shall
be stable enough that there will be no settlement of pipe after backfilling
the trench.
C.
The pipe shall be laid to true line and grade on the
prepared bed of the trench. All connections for corrugated metal pipe
shall consist of twelve-inch corrugated metal bands lapping on equal
portions of the sections to be connected. Backfilling of the trench
shall be done with R.O.B. gravel or other suitable material approved
by the Superintendent of Highways. The backfill shall be made in layers
of no more than 18 inches which shall be tamped or watered. The top
of any drainage pipe shall be no less than 12 inches below the finished
grade of pavement when at all possible.
D.
Drainage systems shall be designed to preserve the
natural patterns and directions of drainage that existed prior to
development. The creation of new points of discharge onto adjoining
lands will not be permitted.
E.
All drainage structures shall be of a size sufficient
to carry natural water runoff and stormwater, and also that which,
in the opinion of the Town Superintendent of Highways or Town Engineer,
may be reasonably anticipated from future construction both from within
the development and from adjoining properties. Additional or larger
culverts and drainage structures shall be installed and paid for by
the developer if the Town Superintendent of Highways and Town Engineer
so direct. In general, storm sewers and culverts in rural areas or
areas of low density development shall be designed for a one-hundred-year-frequency
storm. Ditching and grading shall be designed and planned in conjunction
with the storm sewer system to handle overflows from larger storms,
in order to prevent or minimize flooding and water damage. Storm drainage
systems in areas of higher-density development or in other sensitive
areas may have to be designed to handle larger storms.
The following procedures shall be followed during
the various stages of road construction:
A.
Prior to commencing work, a job-site meeting will
be held, including the developer's contractor and engineer, and the
Town Highway Superintendent. General procedures shall be discussed,
including time schedules, notification requirements and subsequent
work activities. Specific procedures for dealing with drainage, erosion,
traffic control, materials to be used and other pertinent matters
shall be discussed at this meeting. The center line of the proposed
road should be staked out prior to this meeting, along with any easements.
B.
After construction has commenced, but prior to the
placement of any fill material, another job-site meeting shall be
held, including the same parties as mentioned above. The areas stripped
and rough graded shall be inspected. The Town Highway Superintendent
shall determine if field conditions warrant additional measures, such
as additional excavation, perforated drains, geotextile fabric or
more erosion control measures. Gravel or shale proposed to be used
for embankment fill or road subbase shall be approved by the Highway
Superintendent, along with equipment and procedures to be used for
placement and compaction.
C.
Inspection of subbase and drainage system.
(1)
Prior to blacktopping, the Town Highway Superintendent
shall inspect the prepared subbase, and shall check for gravel content,
compaction and grades. He may order sample holes dug, or compaction
tests, as he determines necessary.
(2)
The Town Highway Superintendent shall also inspect
the drainage system at this time, including pipe sizes, catch basin
placement and relative elevation of catch basin tops. The developer's
engineer or land surveyor shall furnish written certification regarding
actual lines and grades of the road prior to paving. The certification
shall also state that the drainage system as installed is in conformance
with the approved plans, including pipe sizes, elevations slopes and
catch basin placement and elevations. If other underground utilities
have been installed as part of the project, similar written certification
shall be submitted for them.
D.
The Town Highway Superintendent shall make an inspection
after the binder asphalt course has been applied, and again after
the top course has been applied. He shall check for proper thickness,
compaction, quality of asphalt and transition to catch basin tops,
paved gutters and other critical points.
E.
The Town Highway Superintendent shall make intermediate
or additional inspections as he deems advisable during the course
of the work. At his request, the Town Engineer may also be present
during these inspections, or may conduct inspections independently.
No action by the Town Highway Superintendent or Town Engineer shall
relieve the responsibility of the developer to construct the road
and related improvements in accordance with the approved plans and
the Town road specifications. The developer is responsible for retaining
an engineer to provide the necessary inspection and quality control
during construction, and to provide the necessary certifications to
the Town after construction is completed.
B.
All stumps, roots, walls and buildings shall be excavated and removed from the above areas. Any change of Subsection A(1),(2) or (3) must receive prior approval of the Superintendent of Highways and Planning Board. Special permission may be granted to save specific individual trees within the right-of-way bounds.
A.
The developer shall complete the shaping of the street
right-of-way, streams and ditches and easement areas to the line and
grade as shown on the approved plans and as otherwise may be directed
by the Town Superintendent of Highways. In the construction of the
roadway, all topsoil, loam, rocks and organic material shall be removed
until a satisfactory subbase is established.
B.
Wherever possible, or as directed by the Town Highway
Superintendent, topsoil shall be stockpiled in designated areas for
subsequent surface restoration. All fills shall be made with acceptable
material as approved by the Town Superintendent of Highways. Such
fills shall be made in layers of not more than 18 inches each and
properly compacted with a ten-ton roller or equivalent.
C.
If the Town Highway Superintendent determines that
field conditions warrant extra provisions during road construction,
not specifically shown on the road plans, he may so direct their inclusion.
Examples include perforated lateral drains to relieve wet areas, and
geotextile fabric to improve soil stability in designated areas. Fabric
to be used shall be approved by the Highway Superintendent and shall
generally be a porous woven product exhibiting excellent qualities
of strength, tear resistance and minimal deformation.
D.
The subgrade shall be shaped to line and grade with
no depressions. The subgrade shall be stable in all respects to the
satisfaction of the Town Superintendent of Highways and Town Engineer
before the foundation course is laid. No large stones or rock ledges
shall protrude into the foundation course.
E.
Also, before the foundation course is laid, all storm
and sanitary sewers and all utilities, including house connections
for existing and future homes, and hydrants, shall have been installed
to the satisfaction of the Town Superintendent of Highways and Town
Engineer.
F.
All slopes and sidewalk areas within the right-of-way
shall be graded before the foundation course is made and all loose
and exposed stone will be removed. All slopes shall be fully stabilized
in a manner satisfactory to the Town Highway Superintendent.
A.
The foundation course shall consist of approved subbase
gravel with a minimum depth of 15 inches. The bottom layer shall be
approved R.O.B. gravel, installed to a minimum compacted thickness
of 11 inches. The material shall be placed on the prepared subgrade
in two layers and each layer shall be fine graded and thoroughly compacted
by rolling with a ten-ton roller or other equivalent compaction equipment.
A top layer of foundation course shall then be applied, consisting
of a four-inch minimum compacted thickness of approved screened gravel
(Item 4). The screened gravel shall be fine graded and compacted to
an elevation allowing for the wearing course and approved by the Town
Superintendent of Highways. Compaction of the foundation course shall
generally be minimum 95% of Standard Proctor maximum density. A minimum
of three months shall be allowed for the street to settle and compact
before pavement shall be constructed. Stakes with final line and grade
shall be maintained by the developer at all times to check the foundation
course as well as pavement. Material specifications for R.O.B. gravel
and screened gravel are given in these specifications, in a following
section.[1]
B.
An alternate subbase foundation would consist of five
inches minimum thickness of approved Item 4 screened gravel overlying
15 inches minimum thickness of approved shale.
After the foundation course has been inspected
and approved by the Town Superintendent of Highways with the three-month
settlement period elapsed, and found to be at a grade allowing for
the finished pavement, the pavement shall be laid as follows:
A.
Paving shall be done on dry days only, with surface
temperatures at 40° F., when placing asphalt with a compacted
lift thickness of three inches or greater, and at least 45° F.,
for a compacted lift thickness between one inch and three inches.
Asphalt shall be from a source approved by the Town Highway Superintendent.
Proper equipment shall be provided for the work. Trucks delivering
the hot asphalt shall be insulated or covered with canvas. Pavers
shall be capable of spreading and finishing courses of plant mix material
in lane widths in accordance with the specified section grades and
thicknesses. Steel wheel rollers shall be 10 tons. All equipment,
procedures, asphalt material, asphalt temperatures, etc., shall conform
with applicable standards of the New York State Department of Transportation,
described in Section 401 of their publication, Standard Specifications.
B.
Binder course.
(1)
After the foundation course is prepared, a layer of
Type 3 binder asphalt shall be applied and compacted to a minimum
thickness of three inches. The asphalt shall be rolled immediately
after application. The three-inch binder asphalt course shall be applied
over the full width of pavement, shoulders and paved gutters, if any.
(2)
Where heavy traffic use is expected, or in certain
commercial or industrial applications, the binder course shall be
a minimum compacted thickness of four inches, and shall be applied
in two layers. The Town Highway Superintendent shall determine if
the heavier-duty pavement is required.
C.
Top course.
(1)
A layer of Type 6 top course asphalt shall be applied
over the binder course excluding shoulders and paved gutters, and
compacted to a depth of 1 1/2 inches. Where specified on project
plans, or required by the Town, Type 6 high-friction asphalt shall
be used instead of Type 6 top course. The asphalt shall be rolled
immediately after pavement. The edges of the top course asphalt shall
be rolled thin to blend with the binder course shoulder, where directed
by the Town Highway Superintendent. Bituminous tack coat will be applied
on all paved surfaces that will be covered with new asphalt.
(2)
Unless the Town Highway Superintendent permits otherwise,
the top course asphalt shall be applied as soon as possible after
the binder course has been placed and compacted.
All slopes and other unpaved ground surfaces
to be restored shall be fine graded in conformance to the lines and
grades shown on the plans. Suitable topsoil shall be placed and lightly
compacted to a minimum thickness of three inches. Topsoil may be reused
from on-site stockpiles, or imported from outside sources. Soil tests
shall be done on-site to determine if application of fertilizer or
pH adjustment chemical is needed. Seeding shall generally be a mixture
of fast-growing annual, mixed with perennial seed, that will flourish
in sun or shade. Typical recommended mixture is red fescue and bluegrass
seed at the rate of eight pounds per 1,000 square feet. Mulching should
immediately follow, such as an application of grain straw at two tons
per acre. On very steep slopes, the use of other ground cover, such
as crown vetch, may be preferable. Stabilization treatment shall be
accomplished with 15 days of soil exposure by grading.
If, in the opinion of the Town Superintendent
of Highways, it is necessary to intercept and carry away groundwater
within the limits of the right-of-way, to protect the stability of
the road bed, curb or sidewalk areas, the subdrainage required by
the Town Superintendent of Highways shall be installed. Perforated
pipe or porous wall pipe having a minimum diameter of four inches,
encased in six inches of 3/4 clean crushed stone or crushed gravel,
shall be used for such purpose in an amount deemed necessary by the
Town Superintendent of Highways. The crushed stone shall be enveloped
with a suitable porous woven fabric.
Catch basins and curb inlets shall be constructed
in order that surface water be intercepted. On square or rectangular
catch basins, six-inch walls up to five feet depth, eight-inch walls
up to 10 feet depth, twelve-inch walls over 10 feet depth shall be
used. Precast reinforced concrete catch basins with standard design
walls may also be used. Such structures shall be spaced at 400 feet
or less. Whenever, in the opinion of the Town Superintendent of Highways
and Town Engineer, ground conditions or other circumstances require
it, larger or heavier materials, additional materials or reinforcing,
or other modifications and improvements in design and construction
shall be made, as directed by the Town Superintendent and Town Engineer
at any time prior to construction of pavement. All catch basins shall
have sixteen-inch sumps. Pipe penetrations shall be neat and cut off
flush with the interior walls of the catch basin. Annular spaces around
the pipe and other openings shall be sealed with nonshrink grout.
Cast-iron frame and grate types to be used shall be preapproved by
the Town Highway Superintendent, but shall generally be equal to Campbell
Foundry heavy-duty "bicycle" grates.
Headwalls of concrete, mortared or dry stone
masonry shall be constructed at the outlet and inlet ends of all culvert
pipe. Culverts shall extend to the toe of embankment. The bearing
of all headwalls shall have a solid base. If soft material is encountered,
it shall be removed and backfilled with R.O.B. gravel. It shall be
the responsibility of the developer that no headwalls shall crack
or become tipped from settlement for a period of one year. A concrete
mix of 3,500 pounds per square inch after 28 days shall be used. The
Town Highway Superintendent may, at his discretion, permit flared
end sections, as furnished by the pipe manufacturer, in lieu of headwalls.
Roof and cellar drains shall in no case be allowed
to flow onto the street right-of-way. With the approval of the Town
Superintendent of Highways, in writing, these drains may be piped
to existing stormwater drains, if any, to which they will be connected
on top only. Such drains must be installed prior to the start of the
application of the foundation course. Drains from sanitary sewers
or septic tanks will not be permitted to flow into street ditches
or storm drains under any circumstances.
A.
The developer shall furnish and install street name
signs at all intersections in locations within the right-of-way approved
and directed by the Town Highway Superintendent. Stop signs, parking
restrictions and warning signs shall also be installed by the developer
at the direction of the Highway Superintendent.
B.
All signs shall conform to the Manual on Uniform Traffic
Control Devices for Streets and Highways and shall be set to a depth
of three feet below the ground surface.
A.
The developer shall establish and clearly mark on
site the limits of street right-of-way and easements with concrete
monuments, and the center line and grades of the finished road pavement
and the location and elevations of drainage structures as shown on
the approved plans with construction stakes. Such construction stakes
shall be maintained at the developer's expense until the construction
of road pavement, drainage structures, curbs, sidewalks and shoulders
has been completed, inspected and approved by the Town Superintendent
of Highways and the Town Engineer.
B.
Permanent concrete monuments shall be set on right-of-way
lines of streets at all intersections, angle points, point of curvature
and beginning and end of streets. There shall be a clear view of adjacent
monuments on the right-of-way line. All monuments shall exist on completion
of the construction of the streets. The permanent markers shall be
made of concrete or granite with minimum dimensions of 30 inches long,
four-inch square top and six-inch square bottom with a one-half-inch
drilled hole in the top. If a monument should be located in a rock
ledge, the surface shall be stripped and a one-half-inch steel rod
drilled into the ledge. Monuments shall protrude three inches to six
inches above the final graded surface.
C.
The developer's engineer or licensed surveyor shall
certify that the location of all monuments is accurate before acceptance
of the street by the Town Board.
A.
Subbase gravel. All material shall be hard stone and
well graded from coarse to fine, free of topsoil, sod and other objectionable
materials and in general shall conform to the following:
(1)
R.O.B. gravel: The particles shall be of a size that
will pass through a four-inch square mesh, with no more than 10% passing
No. 200 mesh sieve, and approved by the Town Superintendent of Highways
and Town Engineer. Reference is NYSDOT Item 304.04.
(2)
Screened gravel: This is processed material, commonly
known as "Item 4," conforming to the following particle size distribution:
|
Sieve Size Designation
|
Percent Passing By Weight
| |
|---|---|---|
|
2-inch
|
100%
| |
|
1/4-inch
|
30% to 65%
| |
|
No. 40
|
5% to 40%
| |
|
No. 200
|
0% to 10%
|
|
NOTE: Reference is NYSDOT Item 304.05.
|
(3)
Shale or slag: all shale or slag shall be hard, durable
material, well graded from coarse to fine, with no particles larger
than four inches, and meet with the approval of the Town Superintendent
of Highways and Town Engineer. Reference is NYSDOT Material Designation
703-0204.
B.
Crushed stone, crushed gravel and cover material.
(1)
All materials shall consist of clean, durable, sharp
angled fragments of rock or gravel, free from soft or disintegrated
stone, dirt or other objectionable materials. Carbonate stone is preferred.
(a)
Crushed stone. Crushed stone shall meet the
following percentages by weight, passing through the square screen
openings:
|
Percent by Weight
|
Square Screen Openings
| |
|---|---|---|
|
100
|
1 1/2-inch
| |
|
90 - 100
|
1-inch
| |
|
15
|
1/2-inch
|
|
NOTE: Reference is NYSDOT Material Designation
703-0201.
|
(b)
Crushed gravel. Crushed gravel shall meet the
same requirements as crushed stone except that the mixture must have
a minimum of 75% fractured particles. Reference is NYSDOT Material
Designation 703-0202.
(c)
Cover material. Cover material shall consist
of clean, sound, hard blue stone particles three-eighths-inch in size.
(2)
All materials will be sampled and tested whenever
it may appear to be desirable. All materials must pass the soundness
tests for Type B as prescribed by the Specifications of the New York
State Department of Public Works and approved by the Town Superintendent
of Highways and Town Engineer.
C.
Concrete for headwalls, etc.
(1)
All concrete for headwalls, etc., shall be mixed in
mechanical mixers with contents of 100% portland cement, clean water
free of oil, salt, acids, alkali, vegetable matter or other deleterious
matter, and aggregate that is clean, hard crushed stone or crushed
gravel free from clay, silt, loam or other deleterious matter.
(2)
Concrete shall develop an average ultimate compression
strength, based on a four-inch slump, of not less than 3,500 pounds
per square inch at 28 days and approved by the Town Superintendent
of Highways and Town Engineer.
D.
Reinforced concrete pipe. The specifications shall
be the same as the New York State Department of Public Works Specifications
for Reinforced Concrete Pipe, except that the tongue and groove pipe
is preferred for all sizes. Each piece of pipe shall be stamped as
such and the condition of pipe shall be approved by the Town Superintendent
of Highways and Town Engineer.
E.
Corrugated metal pipe. Corrugated metal pipe shall
conform to the requirements of the American Association of State Highway
and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) designations M190 and M36 and
shall be fully bituminous coated. The Town Superintendent of Highways
and Town Engineer may require that the corrugated pipe shall be in
accordance with the New York State Specifications for Corrugated Metal
Pipe.
F.
High-density polyethylene pipe. Corrugated polyethylene
pipe shall conform to the standards of AASHTO M294 and ASTM D3350,
using high-quality virgin resin compounds. Smooth interior wall pipe
shall be used, equal to N-12 pipe as manufactured by Advance Drainage
System, of Columbus, Ohio.
G.
Bituminous material.
(1)
All bituminous material shall conform with the general
specifications for materials of construction as given in Part II,
Section 6, of the Public Works Specifications, State of New York,
Department of Public Works, Division of Construction. See also Section
702 of the NYSDOT Standard Specifications. See Section 703 for aggregate.
(2)
For the application of bituminous material, distributors
must be provided with acceptable units for the control of the temperature
of the material. The bituminous material must be heated to such temperatures
as are required by the Town Superintendent of Highways. No bituminous
material shall be applied when the surface of the pavement is wet,
and the Town Superintendent of Highways reserves the right to order
the application of such material to be stopped when he deems the conditions
unfavorable. Reference is NYSDOT Standard Specification Section 400.
These standards and specifications shall be
interpreted to be the standards for streets and roads within the Town
of Crawford and shall have precedence over any law, regulation or
ordinance to the extent necessary to be so effective. Any variations
of the standards and specifications cited herein shall be subject
to the approval of the Town Board on the recommendation of the Town
Highway Superintendent and Town Engineer.
In the event that any part of these street specifications,
or of any ordinance or regulation which may govern or otherwise affect
them, is for any reason modified or invalidated, the other portions
of said specifications not affected thereby shall remain in full force
and effect.
