A.
No substantial obstructions by features such as structures,
vegetation, or parked automobiles shall be permitted in any zoning
district between the heights of 2 1/2 feet and 10 feet above
the plane through the mean curb grade or, if no curb exists, the center-line
street grade adjacent to the triangular space formed by any two existing
or proposed intersecting nonarterial street (collector streets and
minor land access streets) right-of-way lines and a line joining points
on such lines located a minimum of 30 feet from their intersection
(see Illustration No. 1).[1] Necessary utility poles and traffic, directional, and
street name signs approved by the public agency having jurisdiction
may be permitted within such triangular areas.
[1]
Editor's Note: Illustrations are included
at the end of this chapter.
B.
In the case of arterial streets intersecting other
arterial streets, the corner cutoff distances establishing the triangular
vision clearance space shall be at least 60 feet on the arterial streets
(see Illustration No. 1).
On every lot on which a business, trade, or
industrial use is hereafter established, adequate space with access
to a public street shall be provided as indicated below for the loading
and unloading of vehicles off the public right-of-way. At no time
shall any part of a truck or van be allowed to extend into the right-of-way
of a public thoroughfare while the truck or van is being loaded or
unloaded.
A.
Minimum number of loading and unloading spaces required.
For each 10,000 square feet of gross floor area over 3,000 square
feet, a loading/unloading space shall be provided.
B.
The minimum area for each loading and unloading space,
excluding the area needed to maneuver, shall be at least 10 feet wide
by 25 feet long with a minimum height clearance of 14 feet, or as
necessary for the anticipated vehicle size likely to be served.
In all districts, off-street parking spaces
for vehicles shall be provided when a building is constructed or expanded
or when a use of a property has changed, regardless of the change
in the intensity of use, in accordance with the following:
A.
Adequate access to a public street shall be provided for each parking space. Driveways shall be at least 12 feet wide for one- and two-family dwellings and at least 24 feet wide for all other uses, except that this width may be reduced to 14 feet for one-way-only drives. Driveway openings for vehicular ingress and egress from streets shall meet the requirements of § 435-43B.
B.
The minimum dimensions of each parking space shall
be eight feet by 22 feet for parallel parking and nine feet by 18
feet for angle parking, exclusive of the space required for access
drives, sometimes called "traffic aisles," and except for spaces provided
for use by physically disabled persons. Parking spaces shall open
directly onto a traffic aisle that is wide enough to provide safe
and efficient means of vehicular access to the parking spaces. Two-way
traffic aisles shall be at least 24 feet wide and one-way traffic
aisles at least 14 feet wide.
C.
Parking spaces for use by physically disabled persons
shall be provided in accordance with the Wisconsin Commercial Building
Code, which further references and requires compliance with ICC/ANSI
A117.1, the International Code Council (ICC), American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) A117.1, Standard on Accessible and Usable Buildings
and Facilities.[1]
D.
Location of parking spaces is to be on the same lot
as the principal use. Parking spaces for business and industrial uses
shall not be located in a residential district. No vehicle shall park
closer than 10 feet to street right-of-way lines and all lot lines,
except those provided for a residence.
E.
Surfacing. All newly constructed off-street parking
areas, other than those provided for a residence, shall be surfaced
with an asphalt or concrete pavement to provide a durable and dust-free
surface and shall be graded and drained to dispose of all surface
water. All parking areas, other than those for a residence, shall
have the aisles and spaces clearly marked.
G.
Parking lot landscaping. All off-street parking areas
which serve more than 20 spaces shall provide reasonably dispersed
landscaped areas within the interior of the parking lot. The size
of such landscaped areas shall not be less than six feet wide, and
no less than nine feet wide when trees are provided. At the end of
each parking bay, or row of spaces, a landscaped island of a similar
dimension as a parking space shall be provided to separate the bay
from driveways or traffic access aisles. The dimensions of a landscaped
island may vary from the parking space dimension to provide desirable
geometric design features, such as rounded corners and angles, to
facilitate maneuvering of automobile traffic. Trees shall be provided
at a rate of one deciduous tree at least two inches in caliper measured
4.5 feet above the ground for every 21 parking spaces and shall be
located within the landscaped areas required within the interior of
the parking lot.
H.
Parking and service area screening.
(1)
All parking lots, except in the A-2 Rural Home/Holding
District and the single- and two- family residential districts, and
loading/unloading service areas adjoining public rights-of-way or
a residential district shall be screened from such areas by a solid
wall, solid fence, raised berm, densely planted evergreen plants,
or other effective means as determined acceptable by the Plan Commission.
Where walls or fences are used, sufficient landscaping shall be provided
in conjunction with such wall or fence to create an attractive view
from the street or residential side. The screening between a parking
lot and a street or public right-of-way shall attain a height of at
least three feet measured above the parking surface within three years,
with a minimum height of 18 inches at the time of installation, and
may consist of a combination of landscaping materials, including fencing,
walls, berms, or plantings on top of berms or in planters. The screening
between a parking lot and an adjoining residential district shall
be a minimum of six feet in height at the time of installation and
between a loading/unloading service area and an adjoining residential
district shall be a minimum of 10 feet in height. The Plan Commission
may waive or reduce the screening requirement due to grade differences
between adjoining properties and may require greater screening requirements
for parking of large trucks, semitrailers, and large equipment and
for screening overhead service doors and truck loading areas and docks.
(2)
All fencing shall be placed on the property or properties
being screened and shall not project into a public right-of-way, shall
not obstruct the vision clearance triangle, and shall not extend over
side or rear property lines. Fences with landscaping shall be located
away from property lines so that plant growth will not extend beyond
property lines.
I.
Curbs or other barriers shall be installed in parking
areas to prevent parked vehicles from extending over any pedestrianways,
street right-way-lines, or lot lines and damaging any structures and
landscaping, such as buildings, fences, walls, light poles, shrubs,
or trees.
J.
Minimum number of parking spaces required. Reference
to "largest shift" means the largest number of full-time and/or part-time
employees present at the facility at any one time. For example, the
largest work shift may be a particular day of the week or a lunch
or dinner period in the case of a restaurant. Reference to "maximum
capacity" means the maximum number of persons which may be accommodated
by the use as determined by its design or by applicable building code
regulations, whichever is greater. In the case of structures or uses
not specified herein, the number of spaces specified as the general
standard for the use class or the number of spaces specified for a
similar use shall apply. In developments involving the establishment
or addition of two or more uses on one lot or parcel, the cumulative
number of spaces required for each use shall determine the total number
of spaces required.
|
Use
|
Minimum Required Parking Spaces
| ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Residential
| |||
|
Single-family and two-family dwellings
|
2 spaces per dwelling unit
| ||
|
Multifamily dwellings
|
2 spaces per dwelling unit, plus 0.5 space per
dwelling unit for guest parking
| ||
|
Community living arrangements and community-based
residential facilities (CBRF)
|
Based on the individual needs of the facility
and as approved by the Plan Commission
| ||
|
Retail Sales, Customer Services and Places
of Entertainment
| |||
|
General standard
|
1 space per 200 square feet of gross floor area
of customer sales and service, plus 1 space per employee on the largest
shift
| ||
|
Animal veterinary clinics and hospitals
|
3 spaces per treatment room, plus 1 space per
employee on the largest shift
| ||
|
Auto body repair and motor vehicle repair, maintenance,
and service stations
|
5 spaces per indoor service bay, plus 1 space
per employee on the largest shift
| ||
|
Barbershops and beauty shops
|
1 space per 100 square feet of gross floor area,
plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift
| ||
|
Bed-and-breakfast establishments
|
1 space per guest bedroom, plus 2 spaces for
the owner
| ||
|
Convenience grocery stores
|
1 space per 150 square feet of floor area, plus
1 space per employee on the largest shift
| ||
|
Car washes
|
1 space per employee on the largest shift, plus
sufficient space for 6 waiting vehicles at each washing stall and
sufficient space for drying or vacuuming 2 vehicles after each washing
stall
| ||
|
Any business or organization which provides
drive-through facilities
|
Sufficient space for 4 waiting vehicles (not
inclusive of the vehicle presently being served) at each drive-through
service lane
| ||
|
Financial institutions (banks or credit unions)
|
1 space per 500 square feet of customer service
floor area, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift
| ||
|
Funeral homes
|
25 spaces per chapel or viewing room
| ||
|
General merchandise repair services other than
auto repair
|
1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area,
plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift
| ||
|
Grocery stores or supermarkets
|
1 space per 150 square feet of gross floor area
of customer sales and service area, plus 1 space per employee on the
largest shift
| ||
|
Hotels and motels
|
1 space per guest room or suite, plus 1 space
per employee on the largest shift, plus 1 space per 3 persons, based
on the maximum capacity, for each public meeting and/or banquet room
| ||
|
Plant nurseries and garden and lawn supply sales
establishments
|
1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area
of inside sales or display, plus 1 space per 500 square feet of gross
outside sales or display area, plus 1 space per employee on the largest
shift
| ||
|
Restaurants, standard
|
1 space per 150 square feet of gross dining
area or 1 space per 2 seats based on the maximum capacity, whichever
is greater, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift
| ||
|
Restaurants, drive-in and drive-through fast-food
or pickup, with little or no seating capacity, such as takeout sandwich
shop or pizza parlor
|
1 space per 100 square feet of gross dining
or service area, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift
| ||
|
Taverns, dance halls, clubs, lounges, lodges,
theaters, auditoriums, and other places of public assembly
|
1 space per 2 persons based on the maximum capacity
of the facility
| ||
|
Shopping centers (gross leasable area of at
least 30,000 square feet)
|
5 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross leasable
area
| ||
|
Offices
| |||
|
Medical, dental and similar professional health
service offices
|
3 spaces per exam and/or treatment room, plus
1 space per employee on the largest shift
| ||
|
Government, professional, and business offices
|
1 space per 500 square feet of gross floor area,
plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift
| ||
|
Recreational
| |||
|
General standard
|
1 space per 5 patrons based on the maximum capacity
of the facility, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift
| ||
|
Fitness centers excluding the courts identified
below which shall provide parking spaces depending on the type of
court
|
1 space per 100 square feet of gross floor area,
plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift, plus:
| ||
|
Tennis, racquetball, and handball courts
|
3 spaces per court, plus
| ||
|
Volleyball courts
|
15 spaces per court
| ||
|
Indoor skating rinks, ice or roller
|
1 space per 200 square feet of gross floor area
| ||
|
Miniature golf course
|
2 spaces per hole, plus 1 space per employee
on the largest shift
| ||
|
Industrial and Related Uses
| |||
|
Manufacturing, processing, and fabrication operations
|
1 space per employee on the largest shift, plus
sufficient visitor parking spaces as determined by the Plan Commission
| ||
|
Wholesale business
|
1 space per employee on the largest shift, plus
1 space per 2,500 square feet of gross floor area, plus sufficient
visitor parking spaces as determined by the Plan Commission
| ||
|
Warehousing
|
1 space per employee on the largest shift, plus
1 space per 5,000 square feet of gross floor area
| ||
|
Mini warehousing
|
1 space per employee on the largest shift, plus
loading and access space for each storage cubicle
| ||
|
Institutional and Related Uses
| |||
|
Churches and other worship facilities
|
1 space per 3 seats based on the maximum capacity
of the facility, plus 1 space per vehicle used or stored on premises
| ||
|
Nursing homes and assisted care facilities
|
1 space per 4 patient beds, plus 1 space per
employee on the largest shift
| ||
|
Schools
| |||
|
Elementary and middle schools
|
During the highest class attendance period,
1 space per classroom, plus 4.5 spaces per 1,000 square feet of office
floor area
| ||
|
High schools
|
During the highest class attendance period,
1 space per classroom, plus 4.5 spaces per 1,000 square feet of office
floor area, plus 1 space per 4 students over the age of 16
| ||
|
Preschools, children's nursery schools, and
commercial child day-care centers
|
During the highest class attendance period,
1 space per employee, plus 1 space per 15 children
| ||
K.
Uses not listed. In the case of structures or uses
not mentioned, the provision for a use which is similar shall apply.
A.
Modifications. The Village Plan Commission may increase or decrease the parking requirements set forth in §§ 435-40 and 435-41 of this chapter when it is determined that the use will need more or fewer spaces because of the intensity of use; employees working off site; cooperative/shared parking arrangements with different peak parking demands; use of alternative transportation such as public transit, van pool operations, carpooling, and bicycles; or other evidence that indicates parking demand will be more or less than the requirements of this chapter. The petitioner shall submit written documentation and data to the satisfaction of the Plan Commission when the operation will require fewer parking spaces than the requirements of this chapter.
B.
Space to be set aside for reduced parking. In case
of default, the site plan for the proposed use shall be designed to
provide at least 300 square feet of open space on the subject site
for each parking space not required to be constructed to accommodate
the additional parking spaces otherwise required by this chapter.
Sufficient open space shall be provided which, if converted to parking
spaces, would provide off-street parking to meet the full requirements
of this chapter at the time of application. Such open space shall
not be allowed to be counted towards meeting the minimum open space
requirement for a zoning district. The Plan Commission may place conditions
upon the granting of reduced parking requirements and may require
that the parking area not required upon the granting of the waiver
be landscaped in addition to the minimum landscaping requirements.
C.
Changes in occupancy or use. When the use of a building,
structure, or land is changed to another use or occupant that requires
more parking spaces than required for the use existing immediately
prior to such change, additional parking spaces shall be constructed
for the new use or occupant in the amount necessary to conform to
this chapter.
D.
Changes in intensity of use. When the intensity of
use of a building, structure, or land is increased by an addition
of employees, gross floor area, seating capacity, or other unit of
measurement, additional parking spaces shall be constructed for such
additions in the amount necessary to conform to this chapter.
All driveways installed, altered, changed, replaced, or extended after the effective date of this chapter shall meet Chapter 195, Driveways, of the Village Code and the following requirements:
A.
Islands located between driveway openings between
adjacent properties shall be at least 10 feet wide between driveway
openings of such adjacent properties, and the driveway opening shall
be at least five feet from all lot lines. The area between the lot
line and adjacent driveway shall be landscaped.
B.
Driveway openings for vehicular ingress and egress
shall not exceed 20 feet at the right-of-way line and 26 feet at the
curbline or street pavement in single- and two-family residential
districts and shall not exceed 25 feet at the right-of-way line and
32 feet at the curbline or street pavement in all other districts.
A wider opening may be approved by the Plan Commission, after a recommendation
by the Village Engineer, to prevent a traffic hazard.
C.
Surfacing for driveways shall be an asphalt or concrete
pavement so as to provide a durable and dust-free surface and shall
be so graded and drained as to dispose of all surface water.
Direct public or private access (driveway opening)
to streets under Village jurisdiction shall be permitted in accordance
with the following:
A.
Driveways on arterial streets shall be located a minimum
of 100 feet from a street intersection unless the lot width is insufficient
or the lot contains site limitations, in which case the Village Board,
after a recommendation by the Plan Commission, shall determine the
driveway location. Said setback shall be measured from the intersection
of the rights-of-way of the two streets.
B.
Driveways on nonarterial (collector or minor land
access) streets shall be located a minimum of 50 feet from a street
intersection unless the lot width is insufficient or contains site
limitations, in which case the Village Board, after a recommendation
by the Plan Commission, shall determine the driveway location. Said
setback shall be measured from the intersection of the rights-of-way
of the two streets.
C.
Temporary access to the above rights-of-way may be
granted by the Village Board, after a recommendation by the Plan Commission,
and the highway agencies having jurisdiction. Such access permit shall
be temporary, revocable, and subject to any conditions required and
shall be issued for a period not to exceed 12 months.
