Town of Madison, ME Shoreland Zoning

Editor's Note: This ordinance also superseded former Ch. 478, Shoreland Zoning, adopted 7-13-2020, as amended.

§ 478-1 Purposes.

The purposes of this chapter are to further the maintenance of safe and healthful conditions; to prevent and control water pollution; to protect fish spawning grounds, aquatic life, bird and other wildlife habitat; to protect buildings and lands from flooding and accelerated erosion; to protect archaeological and historic resources; to protect commercial fishing and maritime industries; to protect freshwater wetlands; to control building sites, placement of structures and land uses; to conserve shore cover, and visual as well as actual points of access to waters; to conserve natural beauty and open space; and to anticipate and respond to the impacts of development in shoreland areas.

§ 478-2 Legislative authority.

This chapter has been prepared in accordance with the provisions of Title 38 sections 435-448 of the Maine Revised Statutes Annotated (M.R.S.A.).

§ 478-3 Applicability.

This chapter applies to all land areas within 250 feet, horizontal distance, of the normal high-water line of any great pond or river great ponds; within 250 feet, horizontal distance, of the normal high-water line of rivers; within 250 feet, horizontal distance, of the upland edge of a freshwater wetland; and within 75 feet, horizontal distance, of the normal high-water line of a stream. This chapter also applies to any structure built on, over or abutting a dock, wharf or pier, or other structure extending or located below the normal high-water line of a water body or within a wetland.

NOTE: Terms are defined in § 478-17, including but not limited to: freshwater wetland, great pond, river and stream.

In addition, this chapter applies to the 100-year floodplain of the Kennebec River as shown on Madison's most recently adopted Shoreland Zoning Map.[1]

Editor's Note: The Shoreland Zoning Map is on file in the Town offices.

§ 478-4 When effective.

Effective date of chapter and chapter amendments. This chapter, which was adopted by the municipal legislative body on July 7, 2021, shall not be effective unless approved by the Commissioner of the Department of Environmental Protection. A certified copy of the Chapter, or Chapter Amendment, attested and signed by the Municipal Clerk, shall be forwarded to the Commissioner for approval. If the Commissioner fails to act on this chapter or Chapter Amendment, within 45 days of his/her receipt of the Chapter, or Chapter Amendment, it shall be automatically approved. Any application for a permit submitted to the municipality within the forty-five-day period shall be governed by the terms of this chapter, or Chapter Amendment, if the Chapter, or Chapter Amendment, is approved by the Commissioner.

§ 478-5 Availability of provisions.

A certified copy of this chapter shall be filed with the Municipal Clerk and shall be accessible to any member of the public. Copies shall be made available to the public at reasonable cost at the expense of the person making the request. Notice of availability of this chapter shall be posted.

§ 478-6 Severability.

Should any section or provision of this chapter be declared by the courts to be invalid, such decision shall not invalidate any other section or provision of the chapter.

§ 478-7 Conflicts with other chapters.

Whenever a provision of this chapter conflicts with or is inconsistent with another provision of this chapter or of any other chapter, regulation or statute administered by the municipality, the more restrictive provision shall control.

§ 478-8 Amendments.

This chapter may be amended by majority vote of the legislative body. Copies of amendments, attested and signed by the Municipal Clerk, shall be submitted to the Commissioner of the Department of Environmental Protection following adoption by the municipal legislative body and shall not be effective unless approved by the Commissioner. If the Commissioner fails to act on any amendment within 45 days of his/her receipt of the amendment, the amendment is automatically approved. Any application for a permit submitted to the municipality within the forty-five-day period shall be governed by the terms of the amendment, if such amendment is approved by the Commissioner.

§ 478-9 Districts and Zoning Map.

Official Shoreland Zoning Map. The areas to which this chapter is applicable are hereby divided into the following districts as shown on the Official Shoreland Zoning Map(s) which is (are) made a part of this chapter:[1]

Resource Protection.

Limited Residential.

Limited Commercial.

General Development I.

General Development II.

Stream Protection.

Editor's Note: The Shoreland Zoning Map is on file in the Town offices.

Scale of map. The Official Shoreland Zoning Map shall be drawn at a scale of not less than: one inch equals 2,000 feet. District boundaries shall be clearly delineated, and a legend indicating the symbols for each district shall be placed on the map.

Certification of Official Shoreland Zoning Map. The Official Shoreland Zoning Map shall be certified by the attested signature of the Municipal Clerk and shall be located in the municipal office. In the event the municipality does not have a municipal office, the Municipal Clerk shall be the custodian of the map.

Changes to the Official Shoreland Zoning Map. If amendments, in accordance with § 478-8, are made in the district boundaries or other matter portrayed on the Official Shoreland Zoning Map, such changes shall be made on the Official Shoreland Zoning Map within 30 days after the amendment has been approved by the Commissioner of the Department of Environmental Protection.

§ 478-10 Interpretation of district boundaries.

Unless otherwise set forth on the Official Shoreland Zoning Map, district boundary lines are property lines, the center lines of streets, roads and rights-of-way, and the boundaries of the shoreland area as defined herein. Where uncertainty exists as to the exact location of district boundary lines, the Board of Appeals shall be the final authority as to location.

NOTE: The Maine Supreme Judicial Court has held that the Official Shoreland Zoning Map is the primary tool to which to refer in determining district boundaries under chapters that are not more explicit in their district descriptions than the language of the Guidelines, and that where there is inconsistency between the map and these general text descriptions of the shoreland districts as provided in the minimum guidelines, the map prevails.

§ 478-11 Land use requirements.

Except as hereinafter specified, no building, structure or land shall hereafter be used or occupied, and no building or structure or part thereof shall hereafter be erected, constructed, expanded, moved, or altered and no new lot shall be created except in conformity with all of the regulations herein specified for the district in which it is located, unless a variance is granted.

§ 478-12 Nonconformance.

Purpose. It is the intent of this chapter to promote land use conformities, except that nonconforming conditions that existed before the effective date of this chapter or amendments thereto shall be allowed to continue, subject to the requirements set forth in § 478-12. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, a nonconforming condition shall not be permitted to become more nonconforming.

General.

Transfer of ownership. Nonconforming structures, lots, and uses may be transferred, and the new owner may continue the nonconforming use or continue to use the nonconforming structure or lot, subject to the provisions of this chapter.

Repair and maintenance. This chapter allows, without a permit, the normal upkeep and maintenance of nonconforming uses and structures, including repairs or renovations that do not involve expansion of the nonconforming use or structure, and such other changes in a nonconforming use or structure as federal, state, or local building and safety codes may require.

NOTE: See § 478-17 for the definitions of "nonconforming structures," "nonconforming uses" and "nonconforming lots."

Nonconforming structures.

Expansions. A nonconforming structure may be added to or expanded after obtaining a permit from the same permitting authority as that for a new structure, if such addition or expansion does not increase the nonconformity of the structure and is in accordance with § 478-12C(1).

Expansion of an accessory structure that is located closer to the normal high-water line of a water body, tributary stream or upland edge of a wetland than the principal structure is prohibited, even if the expansion will not increase nonconformity with the water body, tributary stream or wetland setback requirement.

Expansion of any portion of a structure within 25 feet of the normal high-water line of a water body, tributary stream or upland edge of a wetland is prohibited, even if the expansion will not increase nonconformity with the water body, tributary stream or wetland setback requirement.

Notwithstanding § 478-12C(1)(b), if a nonconforming principal structure is entirely located less than 25 feet from the normal high-water line of a water body, tributary stream or upland edge of a wetland, that structure may be expanded as follows, as long as all other applicable standards of this chapter are met and the expansion is not prohibited by § 478-12C(1) above:

The maximum total footprint of the principal structure may not be expanded to an area greater than 800 square feet or 30% larger than the footprint that existed on January 1, 1989, whichever is greater.

The maximum height of the principal structure may not be made greater than 15 feet or the height of the existing structure, whichever is greater.

All other nonconforming principal and accessory structures that do not meet the water body, tributary stream or wetland setback requirements may be expanded or altered as follows, as long as other applicable standards of this chapter are met and the expansion is not prohibited by § 478-12C(1) and Subsection C(1)(a), (b) or (c) above:

For structures located less than 75 feet from the normal high-water line of a water body, tributary stream or upland edge of a wetland, the maximum combined total footprint of all structures may not be expanded to an area greater than 1,000 square feet or 30% larger than the footprint that existed on January 1, 1989, whichever is greater.

For structures located less than 75 feet from the normal high-water line of a water body, tributary stream or upland edge of a wetland, the maximum height of any structure may not be made greater than 20 feet or the height of the existing structure, whichever is greater.

For structures located less than 100 feet from the normal high-water line of a great pond or a river flowing to a great pond, the maximum combined total footprint of all structures may not be expanded to an area greater than 1,500 square feet or 30% larger than the footprint that existed on January 1, 1989, whichever is greater.

For structures located less than 100 feet from the normal high-water line of a great pond or a river flowing to a great pond, the maximum height of any structure may not be made greater than 25 feet or the height of the existing structure, whichever is greater.

For structures located less than 100 feet from the normal high-water line of a great pond or a river flowing to a great pond, any portion of those structures located less than 75 feet from the normal high-water line of a water body, tributary stream or upland edge of a wetland must meet the footprint and height requirements of § 478-12C(1)(d)[1] and [2].

In addition to the limitations in § 478-12C(1) and Subsection C(1)(a), (b) and (c) above, structures that are nonconforming due to their location within the Resource Protection District and are located at less than 250 feet from the normal high-water line of a water body or the upland edge of a wetland may be expanded or altered as follows, as long as other applicable standards of this chapter are met:

The maximum combined total footprint of all structures may not be expanded to an area greater than 1,500 square feet or 30% larger than the footprint that existed at the time the Resource Protection District was established on the lot, whichever is greater.

The maximum height of any structure may not be made greater than 25 feet or the height of the existing structure, whichever is greater.

Any portion of the structures located less than 100 feet from the normal high-water line of a great pond or a river flowing to a great pond, must meet the footprint and height requirements of § 478-12C(1)(d)[3] and [4].

Any portion of the structures located less than 75 feet from the normal high-water line of a water body, tributary stream or upland edge of a wetland must meet the footprint and height requirements of § 478-12C(1)(d)[1] and [2].

Any approved plan for expansion of a nonconforming structure under § 478-12C(1) must be recorded by the applicant in the registry of deeds of the county in which the property is located within 90 days of approval. The recorded plan must include the existing and proposed footprint of structures on the property, the existing and proposed height of structures on the property, the shoreland zone boundary and evidence of approval by the municipal permitting authority.

Foundations. Whenever a new, expanded or replacement foundation is constructed under a nonconforming structure, the structure and new foundation must be placed such that the shoreline setback requirement is met to the greatest practical extent as determined by the Planning Board or its designee, basing its decision on the criteria specified in § 478-12C(3) below.

Relocation.

A nonconforming structure may be relocated within the boundaries of the parcel on which the structure is located provided that the site of relocation conforms to all setback requirements to the greatest practical extent as determined by the Planning Board or its designee, and provided that the applicant demonstrates that the present subsurface sewage disposal system meets the requirements of state law and the State of Maine Subsurface Wastewater Disposal Rules (Rules), or that a new system can be installed in compliance with the law and said rules. In no case shall a structure be relocated in a manner that causes the structure to be more nonconforming.

In determining whether the building relocation meets the setback to the greatest practical extent, the Planning Board or its designee shall consider the size of the lot, the slope of the land, the potential for soil erosion, the location of other structures on the property and on adjacent properties, the location of the septic system and other on-site soils suitable for septic systems, and the type and amount of vegetation to be removed to accomplish the relocation. When it is necessary to remove vegetation within the water or wetland setback area in order to relocate a structure, the Planning Board shall require replanting of native vegetation to compensate for the destroyed vegetation. In addition, the area from which the relocated structure was removed must be replanted with vegetation. Replanting shall be required as follows:

Trees removed in order to relocate a structure must be replanted with at least one native tree, three feet in height, for every tree removed. If more than five trees are planted, no one species of tree shall make up more than 50% of the number of trees planted. Replaced trees must be planted no further from the water or wetland than the trees that were removed.

Other woody and herbaceous vegetation, and ground cover, that are removed or destroyed in order to relocate a structure must be reestablished. An area at least the same size as the area where vegetation and/or ground cover was disturbed, damaged, or removed must be reestablished within the setback area. The vegetation and/or ground cover must consist of similar native vegetation and/or ground cover that was disturbed, destroyed or removed.

Where feasible, when a structure is relocated on a parcel the original location of the structure shall be replanted with vegetation which may consist of grasses, shrubs, trees, or a combination thereof.

The Code Enforcement Officer may also require replanting in accordance with § 478-15S.

Reconstruction or replacement.

Any nonconforming structure which is located less than the required setback from a water body, tributary stream, or wetland and which is removed, or damaged or destroyed, regardless of the cause, by more than 50% of the market value of the structure before such damage, destruction or removal, may be reconstructed or replaced, provided that a permit is obtained within 18 months of the date of said damage, destruction, or removal, and provided that such reconstruction or replacement is in compliance with the water body, tributary stream or wetland setback, requirement to the greatest practical extent as determined by the Planning Board or its designee in accordance with the purposes of this chapter. In no case shall a structure be reconstructed or replaced so as to increase its nonconformity. If the reconstructed or replacement structure is less than the required setback it shall not be any larger than the original structure, except as allowed pursuant to § 478-12C(1) above, as determined by the nonconforming footprint of the reconstructed or replaced structure at its new location. If the total amount of footprint of the original structure can be relocated or reconstructed beyond the required setback area, no portion of the relocated or reconstructed structure shall be replaced or constructed at less than the setback requirement for a new structure. When it is necessary to remove vegetation in order to replace or reconstruct a structure, vegetation shall be replanted in accordance with § 478-12C(3) above.

Any nonconforming structure which is located less than the required setback from a water body, tributary stream, or wetland and which is removed by 50% or less of the market value, or damaged or destroyed by 50% or less of the market value of the structure, excluding normal maintenance and repair, may be reconstructed in place if a permit is obtained from the Code Enforcement Officer within one year of such damage, destruction, or removal.

In determining whether the building reconstruction or replacement meets the setback to the greatest practical extent the Planning Board or its designee shall consider, in addition to the criteria in § 478-12C(2) above, the physical condition and type of foundation present, if any.

Change of use of a nonconforming structure.

The use of a nonconforming structure may not be changed to another use unless the Planning Board, after receiving a written application, determines that the new use will have no greater adverse impact on the water body, tributary stream, or wetland, or on the subject or adjacent properties and resources than the existing use.

In determining that no greater adverse impact will occur, the Planning Board shall require written documentation from the applicant, regarding the probable effects on public health and safety, erosion and sedimentation, water quality, fish and wildlife habitat, vegetative cover, visual and actual points of public access to waters, natural beauty, floodplain management, archaeological and historic resources, and functionally water-dependent uses.

Nonconforming uses.

Expansions. Expansions of nonconforming uses are prohibited, except that nonconforming residential uses may, after obtaining a permit from the Planning Board, be expanded within existing residential structures or within expansions of such structures as allowed in § 478-12C(1)(a) through (f) above.

Resumption prohibited. A lot, building or structure in or on which a nonconforming use is discontinued for a period exceeding one year, or which is superseded by a conforming use, may not again be devoted to a nonconforming use except that the Planning Board may, for good cause shown by the applicant, grant up to a one-year extension to that time period. This provision shall not apply to the resumption of a use of a residential structure, provided that the structure has been used or maintained for residential purposes during the preceding five-year period.

Change of use. An existing nonconforming use may be changed to another nonconforming use, provided that the proposed use has no greater adverse impact on the subject and adjacent properties and resources than the former use, as determined by the Planning Board. The determination of no greater adverse impact shall be made according to criteria listed in § 478-12C(5) above.

Nonconforming lots.

Nonconforming lots. A nonconforming lot of record as of the effective date of this chapter or amendment thereto may be built upon, without the need for a variance, provided that such lot is in separate ownership and not contiguous with any other lot in the same ownership, and that all provisions of this chapter except lot area, lot width and shore frontage can be met. Variances relating to setback or other requirements not involving lot area, lot width or shore frontage shall be obtained by action of the Board of Appeals.

Contiguous built lots:

If two or more contiguous lots or parcels are in a single or joint ownership of record at the time of adoption of this chapter, if all or part of the lots do not meet the dimensional requirements of this chapter, and if a principal use or structure exists on each lot, the nonconforming lots may be conveyed separately or together, provided that the State Minimum Lot Size Law (12 M.R.S.A. §§ 4807-A through 4807-D) and the State of Maine Subsurface Wastewater Disposal Rules are complied with.

If two or more principal uses or structures existed on a single lot of record on the effective date of this chapter, each may be sold on a separate lot, provided that the above-referenced law and rules are complied with. When such lots are divided, each lot thus created must be as conforming as possible to the dimensional requirements of this chapter.

Contiguous lots, vacant or partially built:

If two or more contiguous lots or parcels are in single or joint ownership of record at the time of or since adoption or amendment of this chapter, if any of these lots do not individually meet the dimensional requirements of this chapter or subsequent amendments, and if one or more of the lots are vacant or contain no principal structure, the lots shall be combined to the extent necessary to meet the dimensional requirements.

This provision shall not apply to two or more contiguous lots, at least one of which is nonconforming, owned by the same person or persons on July 22, 1992, and recorded in the registry of deeds if the lot is served by a public sewer or can accommodate a subsurface sewage disposal system in conformance with the State of Maine Subsurface Wastewater Disposal Rules; and

Each lot contains at least 100 feet of shore frontage and at least 20,000 square feet of lot area; or

Any lots that do not meet the frontage and lot size requirements of § 478-12E(3)(b)[1] are reconfigured or combined so that each new lot contains at least 100 feet of shore frontage and 20,000 square feet of lot area.

§ 478-13 Establishment of districts.

Resource Protection District. The Resource Protection District includes areas in which development would adversely affect water quality, productive habitat, biological ecosystems, or scenic and natural values. This district shall include the following areas when they occur within the limits of the Shoreland Zone, exclusive of the Stream Protection District, except that areas which are currently developed and areas which meet the criteria for the Limited Commercial or General Development I Districts need not be included within the Resource Protection District.

Areas within 250 feet, horizontal distance, of the upland edge of freshwater wetlands and wetlands associated with great ponds and rivers, which are rated "moderate" or "high" value waterfowl and wading bird habitat, including nesting and feeding areas, by the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (MDIF&W) that are depicted on a Geographic Information System (GIS) data layer maintained by either MDIF&W or the Department as of December 31, 2008. For the purposes of this subsection "wetlands associated with great ponds and rivers" shall mean areas characterized by nonforested wetland vegetation and hydric soils that are contiguous with a great pond or river, and have a surface elevation at or below the water level of the great pond or river during the period of normal high water. "Wetlands associated with great ponds or rivers" are considered to be part of that great pond or river.

NOTE: The Natural Resources Protection Act, 38 M.S.R.A. §§ 480-A through 480-Z, requires the Department of Environmental Protection to designate areas of "significant wildlife habitat". Significant wildlife habitat includes: habitat for species appearing on the official state or federal lists of endangered or threatened species; high- and moderate-value deer-wintering areas and travel corridors as defined by the Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; high- and moderate-value waterfowl and wading bird habitats, including nesting and feeding areas as defined by the Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; critical spawning and nursery areas for Atlantic sea-run salmon as defined by the Atlantic Sea Run Salmon Commission; and shorebird nesting, feeding and staging areas and seabird nesting islands as defined by the Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife.

Floodplains along rivers and floodplains along artificially formed great ponds along rivers, defined by the 100-year floodplain as designated on the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps or Flood Hazard Boundary Maps, or the flood of record, or in the absence of these, by soil types identified as recent floodplain soils.

Areas of two or more contiguous acres with sustained slopes of 20% or greater.

Areas of two or more contiguous acres supporting wetland vegetation and hydric soils, which are not part of a freshwater wetland as defined, and which are not surficially connected to a water body during the period of normal high water.

NOTE: These areas usually consist of forested wetlands abutting water bodies and non-forested wetlands.

Land areas along rivers subject to severe bank erosion, undercutting, or river bed movement.

Limited Residential District. The Limited Residential District includes those areas suitable for residential and recreational development. It includes areas other than those in the Resource Protection District, or Stream Protection District, and areas which are used less intensively than those in the Limited Commercial District or the General Development Districts.

Limited Commercial District. The Limited Commercial District includes areas of mixed, light commercial and residential uses, exclusive of the Stream Protection District, which should not be developed as intensively as the General Development Districts. This district includes areas of two or more contiguous acres in size devoted to a mix of residential and low-intensity business and commercial uses. Industrial uses are prohibited.

General Development I District. The General Development I District includes the following types of existing, intensively developed areas:

Areas of two or more contiguous acres devoted to commercial, industrial or intensive recreational activities, or a mix of such activities, including but not limited to the following:

Areas devoted to manufacturing, fabricating or other industrial activities;

Areas devoted to wholesaling, warehousing, retail trade and service activities, or other commercial activities; and

Areas devoted to intensive recreational development and activities, such as, but not limited to, amusement parks, race tracks and fairgrounds.

Areas otherwise discernible as having patterns of intensive commercial, industrial or recreational uses.

General Development II District. The General Development II District includes the same types of areas as those listed for the General Development I District. The General Development II District, however, shall be applied to newly established General Development Districts where the pattern of development at the time of adoption is undeveloped or not as intensively developed as that of the General Development I District.

Portions of the General Development District I or II may also include residential development. However, no area shall be designated as a General Development I or II District based solely on residential use.

In areas adjacent to great ponds and adjacent to rivers flowing to great ponds, the designation of an area as a General Development District shall be based upon uses existing at the time of adoption of this chapter. There shall be no newly established General Development Districts or expansions in area of existing General Development Districts adjacent to great ponds, and adjacent to rivers that flow to great ponds.

Stream Protection District. The Stream Protection District includes all land areas within 75 feet, horizontal distance, of the normal high-water line of a stream, exclusive of those areas within 250 feet, horizontal distance, of the normal high-water line of a great pond, or river, or within 250 feet, horizontal distance, of the upland edge of a wetland. Where a stream and its associated shoreland area are located within 250 feet, horizontal distance, of the above water bodies or wetlands, that land area shall be regulated under the terms of the shoreland district associated with that water body or wetland.

§ 478-14 Table of Land Uses.

All land use activities, as indicated in Table 1, Land Uses in the Shoreland Zone, shall conform with all of the applicable land use standards in § 478-15. The district designation for a particular site shall be determined from the Official Shoreland Zoning Map.

Key to Table 1:

Yes - Allowed (no permit required but the use must comply with all applicable land use standards)

No - Prohibited

PB - Allowed with permit issued by the Planning Board.

CEO - Allowed with permit issued by the Code Enforcement Officer

LPI - Allowed with permit issued by the Local Plumbing Inspector

Abbreviations:

RP - Resource Protection

LR - Limited Residential

LC - Limited Commercial

GD - General Development I and General Development II

SP - Stream Protection

NOTE: Terms are defined in § 478-17, including but not limited to: functionally water-dependent uses.

Table 1. Land Uses in the Shoreland Zone
Land Uses			District
Land Uses			SP	RP	LR	LC	GD
1.	Non-intensive recreational uses not requiring structures such as hunting, fishing and hiking		yes	yes	yes	yes	yes
2.	Motorized vehicular traffic on existing roads and trails		yes	yes	yes	yes	yes
3.	Clearing or removal of vegetation for activities other than timber harvesting		CEO	CEO¹	yes	yes	yes
4.	Fire prevention activities		yes	yes	yes	yes	yes
5.	Wildlife management practices		yes	yes	yes	yes	yes
6.	Soil and water conservation practices		yes	yes	yes	yes	yes
7.	Mineral exploration		no	yes²	yes²	yes²	yes²
8.	Mineral extraction, including sand and gravel extraction		no	PB³	PB	PB	PB
9.	Surveying and resource analysis		yes	yes	yes	yes	yes
10.	Emergency operations		yes	yes	yes	yes	yes
11.	Agriculture		yes	PB	yes	yes	yes
12.	Aquaculture		PB	PB	PB	yes	yes
13.	Principal structures and uses
	A.	One and two family residential, including driveways	PB⁴	PB⁸	CEO	CEO	CEO
	B.	Multiunit residential	no	no	PB	PB	PB
	C.	Commercial	no⁹	no⁹	no⁹	PB	PB
	D.	Industrial	no	no	no	no	PB
	E.	Governmental and institutional	no	no	PB	PB	PB
	F.	Small nonresidential facilities for educational, scientific, or nature interpretation purposes	PB⁴	PB	CEO	CEO	CEO
14.	Structures accessory to allowed uses		PB⁴	PB	CEO	CEO	yes
15.	Piers, docks, wharfs, bridges and other structures and uses extending or located below the normal high-water line or within a wetland
	A.	Temporary	CEO¹⁰	CEO¹⁰	CEO¹⁰	CEO¹⁰	CEO¹⁰
	B.	Permanent	PB	PB	PB	PB	PB
16.	Conversions of seasonal residences to year-round residences		LPI	LPI	LPI	LPI	LPI
17.	Home occupations		PB	PB	PB	CEO	yes
18.	Private sewage disposal systems for allowed uses		LPI	LPI	LPI	LPI	LPI
19.	Essential services
	A.	Roadside distribution lines (34.5kV and lower)	CEO⁵	CEO⁵	yes¹¹	yes¹¹	yes¹¹
	B.	Non-roadside or cross-country distribution lines involving 10 poles or less in the shoreland zone	PB⁵	PB⁵	CEO	CEO	CEO
	C.	Non-roadside or cross-country distribution lines involving 11 or more poles in the shoreland zone	PB⁵	PB⁵	PB	PB	PB
	D.	Other essential services	PB⁵	PB⁵	PB	PB	PB
20.	Service drops, as defined, to allowed uses		yes	yes	yes	yes	yes
21.	Public and private recreational areas involving minimal structural development		PB	PB	PB	CEO	CEO
22.	Individual private campsites		CEO	CEO	CEO	CEO	CEO
23.	Campgrounds		no	no⁶	PB	PB	PB
24.	Road construction		PB	no⁷	PB	PB	PB
25.	Parking facilities		no	no⁶	PB	PB	PB
26.	Marinas		PB	no	PB	PB	PB
27.	Filling and earth moving of <10 cubic yards		CEO	CEO	yes	yes	yes
28.	Filling and earth moving of >10 cubic yards		PB	PB	CEO	CEO	CEO
29.	Signs		yes	yes	yes	yes	yes
30.	Forest management activities except for timber harvesting & land management roads		yes	yes	yes	yes	yes
31.	Timber harvesting		yes	CEO¹²	yes	yes	yes
32.	Land management roads		yes	PB¹²	yes	yes	yes
33.	Uses similar to allowed uses		CEO	CEO	CEO	CEO	CEO
34.	Uses similar to uses requiring a CEO permit		CEO	CEO	CEO	CEO	CEO
35.	Uses similar to uses requiring a PB permit		PB	PB	PB	PB	PB

¹	In RP not allowed within 75 feet horizontal distance, of the normal high-water line of great ponds, except to remove safety hazards.
²	Requires permit from the Code Enforcement Officer if more than 100 square feet of surface area, in total, is disturbed.
³	In RP not allowed in areas so designated because of wildlife value.
⁴	Provided that a variance from the setback requirement is obtained from the Board of Appeals.
⁵	See further restrictions in § 478-15L.
⁶	Except when area is zoned for resource protection due to floodplain criteria in which case a permit is required from the PB.
⁷	Except as provided in § 478-15H.
⁸	Single family residential structures may be allowed by special exception only according to the provisions of § 478-16E, Special exceptions. Two-family residential structures are prohibited.
⁹	Except for commercial uses otherwise listed in this Table, such as marinas and campgrounds, that are allowed in the respective district.
¹⁰	Excluding bridges and other crossings not involving earthwork, in which case no permit is required.
¹¹	Permit not required but must file a written "notice of intent to construct" with CEO.
¹²	Provided this chapter contains § 478-15O, or as provided in an agreement between the municipality and Maine Forest Service under § 478-15O(1).

NOTE: A person performing any of the following activities shall require a permit from the Department of Environmental Protection, pursuant to 38 M.R.S.A. § 480-C, if the activity occurs in, on, over or adjacent to any freshwater or coastal wetland, great pond, river, stream or brook and operates in such a manner that material or soil may be washed into them:
A.	Dredging, bulldozing, removing or displacing soil, sand, vegetation or other materials;
B.	Draining or otherwise dewatering;
C.	Filling, including adding sand or other material to a sand dune; or
D.	Any construction or alteration of any permanent structure.

§ 478-15 Land use standards.

All land use activities within the Shoreland Zone shall conform with the following provisions, if applicable.

Minimum lot standards.

Area and frontage.

Use		Minimum Lot Area (square feet)	Minimum Shore Frontage (feet)
(a)	Residential per dwelling unit	40,000	200
(b)	Governmental, institutional, commercial or industrial per principal structure	60,000	300
(c)	Public and private recreational facilities	40,000	200

Land below the normal high-water line of a water body or upland edge of a wetland and land beneath roads serving more than two lots shall not be included toward calculating minimum lot area.

Lots located on opposite sides of a public or private road shall be considered each a separate tract or parcel of land unless such road was established by the owner of land on both sides thereof after September 22, 1971.

The minimum width of any portion of any lot within 100 feet, horizontal distance, of the normal high-water line of a water body or upland edge of a wetland shall be equal to or greater than the shore frontage requirement for a lot with the proposed use.

If more than one residential dwelling unit, principal governmental, institutional, commercial or industrial structure or use, or combination thereof, is constructed or established on a single parcel, all dimensional requirements shall be met for each additional dwelling unit, principal structure, or use.

Principal and accessory structures.

All new principal and accessory structures shall be set back at least 100 feet, horizontal distance, from the normal high-water line of great ponds and rivers that flow to great ponds, and 75 feet, horizontal distance, from the normal high-water line of other water bodies, tributary streams, or the upland edge of a wetland, except that in the General Development I District the setback from the normal high-water line shall be at least 25 feet, horizontal distance. In the Resource Protection District, the setback requirement shall be 250 feet, horizontal distance, except for structures, roads, parking spaces or other regulated objects specifically allowed in that district in which case the setback requirements specified above shall apply.

NOTE: The Natural Resources Protection Act, 38 M.S.R.A. sections 480-A through 480-HH, requires the Department of Environmental Protection to designate areas of "significant wildlife habitat."

Permitting under the Natural Resources Protection Act for activities adjacent to significant wildlife habitat areas may require greater setbacks. Contact your local Department of Environmental Protection office to see if additional permitting is required.

In addition:

The water body, tributary stream, or wetland setback provision shall neither apply to structures which require direct access to the water body or wetland as an operational necessity, such as piers, docks and retaining walls, nor to other functionally water-dependent uses.

On a nonconforming lot of record on which only a residential structure exists, and it is not possible to place an accessory structure meeting the required water body, tributary stream or wetland setbacks, the Code Enforcement Officer may issue a permit to place a single accessory structure, with no utilities, for the storage of yard tools and similar equipment. Such accessory structure shall not exceed 80 square feet in area nor eight feet in height, and shall be located as far from the shoreline or tributary stream as practical and shall meet all other applicable standards, including lot coverage and vegetation clearing limitations. In no case shall the structure be located closer to the shoreline or tributary stream than the principal structure.

NOTE: Refer to § 478-17 for definition of tributary stream.

Principal or accessory structures and expansions of existing structures which are permitted in the Resource Protection, Limited Residential, Limited Commercial, and Stream Protection Districts, shall not exceed 35 feet in height.

This provision shall not apply to structures such as transmission towers, windmills, antennas, and similar structures having no floor area.

The height of a structure shall exclude a nonhabitable feature mounted on a structure roof for observation purposes, such as a cupola, a dome or a widow's walk, provided the following conditions are met:

The feature is being added to, or is part of, a conforming structure;

The structure is not located in a Resource Protection or Stream Protection District;

The feature does not extend beyond the exterior walls of the structure;

The feature has a floor area of 53 square feet or less; and

The feature does not increase the height the structure, as defined, more than seven feet.

The lowest floor elevation or openings of all buildings and structures, including basements, shall be elevated at least one foot above the elevation of the 100-year flood, the flood of record, or in the absence of these, the flood as defined by soil types identified as recent floodplain soils. Accessory structures may be placed in accordance with the standards of the Floodplain Management Chapter that is consistent with the April 2005 or later version under the National Flood Insurance Program.

Except in the shoreland zone of rivers that do not flow to great ponds that are designated as General Development Districts, nonvegetated surfaces shall not exceed 20% of the portion of the lot located within the shoreland zone. In the shoreland zone of rivers that do not flow to great ponds that are designated as General Development Districts, nonvegetated surfaces shall not exceed 70% of the portion of the lot within the shoreland zone. Nonvegetated surfaces include, but are not limited to the following: structures, driveways, parking areas, and other areas from which vegetation has been removed. Naturally occurring ledge and rock outcroppings are not counted as nonvegetated surfaces for lots that were recorded on March 24, 1990, and that have been in continuous existence since that date.

§ 478-15B(5) shall not apply to public boat launching facilities, regardless of the district in which the facility is located.

Retaining walls that are not necessary for erosion control shall meet the structure setback requirement, except for low retaining walls and associated fill, provided all of the following conditions are met:

The site has been previously altered and an effective vegetated buffer does not exist;

The wall(s) is(are) at least 25 feet, horizontal distance, from the normal high-water line of a water body, tributary stream, or upland edge of a wetland;

The site where the retaining wall will be constructed is legally existing lawn or is a site eroding from lack of naturally occurring vegetation, and which cannot be stabilized with vegetative plantings;

The total height of the wall(s), in the aggregate, is no more than 24 inches;

Retaining walls are located outside of the 100-year floodplain on rivers, streams, wetlands, and tributary streams, as designated on the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps or Flood Hazard Boundary Maps, or the flood of record, or in the absence of these, by soil types identified as recent floodplain soils.

The area behind the wall is revegetated with grass, shrubs, trees, or a combination thereof, and no further structural development will occur within the setback area, including patios and decks; and

(g)

A vegetated buffer area is established within 25 feet, horizontal distance, of the normal high-water line of a water body, tributary stream, or upland edge of a wetland when a natural buffer area does not exist. The buffer area must meet the following characteristics:

The buffer must include shrubs and other woody and herbaceous vegetation. Where natural ground cover is lacking, the area must be supplemented with leaf or bark mulch;

Vegetation plantings must be in quantities sufficient to retard erosion and provide for effective infiltration of stormwater runoff;

Only native species may be used to establish the buffer area;

A minimum buffer width of 15 feet, horizontal distance, is required, measured perpendicularly to the normal high-water line or upland edge of a wetland;

A footpath not to exceed the standards in § 478-15P(2)(a), may traverse the buffer;

NOTE: If the wall and associated soil disturbance occurs within 75 feet, horizontal distance, of a water body, or tributary stream, a permit pursuant to the Natural Resource Protection Act is required from the Department of Environmental Protection.

[6]

Notwithstanding the requirements stated above, stairways or similar structures may be allowed with a permit from the Code Enforcement Officer, to provide shoreline access in areas of steep slopes or unstable soils, provided that the structure is limited to a maximum of four feet in width; that the structure does not extend below or over the normal high-water line of a water body or upland edge of a wetland (unless permitted by the Department of Environmental Protection pursuant to the Natural Resources Protection Act, 38 M.R.S.A. § 480-C); and that the applicant demonstrates that no reasonable access alternative exists on the property.

Notwithstanding the requirements in § 478-15B(1) above, the permitting authority may approve a deck over a river if it is part of a downtown revitalization project that is defined in a project plan approved by the legislative body of the municipality, which may include the revitalization of structures formally used as mills that do not meet the setback requirements, provided that the following requirements are met:

The total deck area attached to the structure does not exceed 700 square feet;

The deck is cantilevered over a segment of the river that is located within the boundaries of the downtown revitalization project;

The deck is attached to or accessory to an allowed commercial use in a structure that was constructed prior to 1971 and is located within the downtown revitalization project; and

The construction of the deck complies with all other applicable standards, except the setback requirements in § 478-15B(1).

NOTE: New permanent structures, and expansions thereof, projecting into or over water bodies shall require a permit from the Department of Environmental Protection pursuant to the Natural Resources Protection Act, 38 M.R.S.A. § 480-C. Permits may also be required from the Army Corps of Engineers if located in navigable waters.

Piers, docks, wharves, bridges and other structures and uses extending or located below the normal high-water line of a water body or within a wetland; and shoreline stabilization.

No more than one structure extending or located below the normal high-water line of a water body or within a wetland is allowed on a single lot; except that when a single lot contains at least twice the minimum shore frontage as specified in § 478-15A, a second structure may be allowed and may remain as long as the lot is not further divided.

Access from shore shall be developed on soils appropriate for such use and constructed so as to control erosion.

The location shall not interfere with existing developed or natural beach areas.

The facility shall be located so as to minimize adverse effects on fisheries.

The facility shall be no larger in dimension than necessary to carry on the activity and be consistent with the surrounding character and uses of the area. A temporary pier, dock or wharf shall not be wider than six feet for noncommercial uses.

No new structure shall be built on, over or abutting a pier, wharf, dock or other structure extending or located below the normal high-water line of a water body or within a wetland unless the structure requires direct access to the water body or wetland as an operational necessity.

NOTE: A structure constructed on a float or floats is prohibited unless it is designed to function as, and is registered with the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife as, a watercraft.

New permanent piers and docks shall not be permitted unless it is clearly demonstrated to the Planning Board that a temporary pier or dock is not feasible, and a permit has been obtained from the Department of Environmental Protection, pursuant to the Natural Resources Protection Act.

(8)

No existing structures built on, over or abutting a pier, dock, wharf or other structure extending or located below the normal high-water line of a water body or within a wetland shall be converted to residential dwelling units in any district.

(9)

Except in the General Development Districts, structures built on, over or abutting a pier, wharf, dock or other structure extending or located below the normal high-water line of a water body or within a wetland shall not exceed 20 feet in height above the pier, wharf, dock or other structure.

(10)

The Planning Board may approve shoreline stabilization of an eroding shoreline, provided that the following requirements are met:

Construction equipment must access the shoreline by barge when feasible, as determined by the Planning Board.

When necessary, the removal of vegetation to allow for construction equipment access to the stabilization site via land must be limited to no more than 12 feet in width. When the shoreline stabilization is complete, the construction equipment access way must be restored.

Any restoration or revegetation shall occur in accordance with § 478-15S.

NOTE: A permit pursuant to the Natural Resources Protection Act is required from the Department of Environmental Protection for shoreline stabilization activities.

Campgrounds. Campgrounds shall conform to the minimum requirements imposed under state licensing procedures and the following:

Campgrounds shall contain a minimum of 5,000 square feet of land, not including roads and driveways, for each site. Land supporting wetland vegetation, and land below the normal high-water line of a water body shall not be included in calculating land area per site.

The areas intended for placement of a recreational vehicle, tent or shelter, and utility and service buildings shall be set back a minimum of 100 feet, horizontal distance, from the normal high-water line of a great pond or a river flowing to a great pond, and 75 feet, horizontal distance, from the normal high-water line of other water bodies, tributary streams, or the upland edge of a wetland.

Individual private campsites. Individual private campsites not associated with campgrounds are allowed, provided the following conditions are met:

On a vacant lot, one campsite per lot existing on the effective date of this chapter, or 30,000 square feet of lot area within the shoreland zone, whichever is less, may be permitted.

On a lot that contains a principal use or structure, the lot shall contain the minimum lot dimensional requirements for that principal use or structure separately from the 30,000 square feet of lot area within the shoreland zone required per individual private campsite.

Campsite placement on any lot, including the area intended for a recreational vehicle or tent platform, shall be set back 100 feet, horizontal distance, from the normal high-water line of a great pond or river flowing to a great pond, and 75 feet, horizontal distance, from the normal high-water line of other water bodies, tributary streams, or the upland edge of a wetland.

Only one recreational vehicle shall be allowed on a campsite. The recreational vehicle shall not be located on any type of permanent foundation except for a gravel pad, and no structure except a canopy shall be attached to the recreational vehicle.

The clearing of vegetation for the siting of the recreational vehicle, tent or similar shelter in a Resource Protection District shall be limited to 1,000 square feet.

A written sewage disposal plan describing the proposed method and location of sewage disposal shall be required for each campsite and shall be approved by the Local Plumbing Inspector. Where disposal is off-site, written authorization from the receiving facility or land owner is required.

When a recreational vehicle, tent or similar shelter is placed on-site for more than 120 days per year, all requirements for residential structures shall be met, including the installation of a subsurface sewage disposal system in compliance with the State of Maine Subsurface Wastewater Disposal Rules unless served by public sewage facilities.

Commercial and industrial uses. The following new commercial and industrial uses are prohibited within the Shoreland Zone adjacent to great ponds, and rivers and streams which flow to great ponds:

Auto-washing facilities.

Auto or other vehicle service and/or repair operations, including body shops.

Chemical and bacteriological laboratories.

Storage of chemicals, including herbicides, pesticides or fertilizers, other than amounts normally associated with individual households or farms.

Commercial painting, wood preserving, and furniture stripping.

Dry-cleaning establishments.

Electronic circuit assembly.

(8)

Laundromats, unless connected to a sanitary sewer.

(9)

Metal plating, finishing, or polishing.

(10)

Petroleum or petroleum product storage and/or sale except storage on same property as use occurs and except for storage and sales associated with marinas.

(11)

Photographic processing.

(12)

Printing.

Parking areas.

Parking areas shall meet the shoreline and tributary stream setback requirements for structures for the district in which such areas are located. The setback requirement for parking areas serving public boat launching facilities in districts other than the General Development I District shall be no less than 50 feet, horizontal distance, from the shoreline or tributary stream if the Planning Board finds that no other reasonable alternative exists further from the shoreline or tributary stream.

Parking areas shall be adequately sized for the proposed use and shall be designed to prevent stormwater runoff from flowing directly into a water body, tributary stream or wetland and where feasible, to retain all runoff on site.

In determining the appropriate size of proposed parking facilities, the following shall apply:

Typical parking space: approximately 10 feet wide and 20 feet long, except that parking spaces for a vehicle and boat trailer shall be 40 feet long.

Internal travel aisles: approximately 20 feet wide.

Roads and driveways. The following standards shall apply to the construction of roads and/or driveways and drainage systems, culverts and other related features.

Roads and driveways shall be set back at least 100 feet, horizontal distance, from the normal high-water line of a great pond or a river that flows to a great pond, and 75 feet, horizontal distance, from the normal high-water line of other water bodies, tributary streams, or the upland edge of a wetland unless no reasonable alternative exists as determined by the Planning Board. If no other reasonable alternative exists, the road and/or driveway setback requirement shall be no less than 50 feet, horizontal distance, upon clear showing by the applicant that appropriate techniques will be used to prevent sedimentation of the water body, tributary stream, or wetland. Such techniques may include, but are not limited to, the installation of settling basins, and/or the effective use of additional ditch relief culverts and turnouts placed so as to avoid sedimentation of the water body, tributary stream, or wetland.

On slopes of greater than 20%, the road and/or driveway setback shall be increased by 10 feet, horizontal distance, for each 5% increase in slope above 20%.

Section 478-15H(1) does not apply to approaches to water crossings or to roads or driveways that provide access to permitted structures and facilities located nearer to the shoreline or tributary stream due to an operational necessity, excluding temporary docks for recreational uses. Roads and driveways providing access to permitted structures within the setback area shall comply fully with the requirements of § 478-15H(1) except for that portion of the road or driveway necessary for direct access to the structure.

Existing public roads may be expanded within the legal road right of way regardless of their setback from a water body, tributary stream or wetland.

New roads and driveways are prohibited in a Resource Protection District except that the Planning Board may grant a permit to construct a road or driveway to provide access to permitted uses within the district. A road or driveway may also be approved by the Planning Board in a Resource Protection District, upon a finding that no reasonable alternative route or location is available outside the district. When a road or driveway is permitted in a Resource Protection District the road and/or driveway shall be set back as far as practicable from the normal high-water line of a water body, tributary stream, or upland edge of a wetland.

Road and driveway banks shall be no steeper than a slope of two horizontal to one vertical, and shall be graded and stabilized in accordance with the provisions for erosion and sedimentation control contained in § 478-15Q.

Road and driveway grades shall be no greater than 10% except for segments of less than 200 feet.

In order to prevent road and driveway surface drainage from directly entering water bodies, tributary streams or wetlands, roads and driveways shall be designed, constructed, and maintained to empty onto an unscarified buffer strip at least 50 feet plus two times the average slope, in width between the outflow point of the ditch or culvert and the normal high-water line of a water body, tributary stream, or upland edge of a wetland. Surface drainage which is directed to an unscarified buffer strip shall be diffused or spread out to promote infiltration of the runoff and to minimize channelized flow of the drainage through the buffer strip.

Ditch relief (cross drainage) culverts, drainage dips and water turnouts shall be installed in a manner effective in directing drainage onto unscarified buffer strips before the flow gains sufficient volume or head to erode the road, driveway, or ditch. To accomplish this, the following shall apply:

Ditch relief culverts, drainage dips and associated water turnouts shall be spaced along the road, or driveway at intervals no greater than indicated in the following table:

Grade (percent)	Spacing (feet)
0% to 2%	250
3% to 5%	200 to 135
6% to 10%	100 to 80
11% to 15%	80 to 60
16% to 20%	60 to 45
21% +	40

Drainage dips may be used in place of ditch relief culverts only where the grade is 10% or less.

On sections having slopes greater than 10%, ditch relief culverts shall be placed at approximately a 30° angle downslope from a line perpendicular to the center line of the road or driveway.

Ditch relief culverts shall be sufficiently sized and properly installed in order to allow for effective functioning, and their inlet and outlet ends shall be stabilized with appropriate materials.

(8)

Ditches, culverts, bridges, dips, water turnouts and other stormwater runoff control installations associated with roads and driveways shall be maintained on a regular basis to assure effective functioning.

Signs. The following provisions shall govern the use of signs in the Resource Protection, Stream Protection, Limited Residential and Limited Commercial Districts:

Signs relating to goods and services sold on the premises shall be allowed, provided that such signs shall not exceed six square feet in area and shall not exceed two signs per premises. In the Limited Commercial District, however, such signs shall not exceed 16 square feet in area. Signs relating to goods or services not sold or rendered on the premises shall be prohibited.

Name signs are allowed, provided such signs shall not exceed two signs per premises, and shall not exceed 12 square feet in the aggregate.

Residential users may display a single sign not over three square feet in area relating to the sale, rental, or lease of the premises.

Signs relating to trespassing and hunting shall be allowed without restriction as to number, provided that no such sign shall exceed two square feet in area.

Signs relating to public safety shall be allowed without restriction.

No sign shall extend higher than 20 feet above the ground.

Signs may be illuminated only by shielded, nonflashing lights.

Stormwater runoff.

All new construction and development shall be designed to minimize stormwater runoff from the site in excess of the natural predevelopment conditions. Where possible, existing natural runoff control features, such as berms, swales, terraces and wooded areas, shall be retained in order to reduce runoff and encourage infiltration of stormwaters.

Stormwater runoff control systems shall be maintained as necessary to ensure proper functioning.

NOTE: The Stormwater Management Law (38 M.R.S.A. § 420-D) requires a full permit to be obtained from the DEP prior to construction of a project consisting of 20,000 square feet or more of impervious area or five acres or more of a developed area in an urban impaired stream watershed or most-at-risk lake watershed, or a project with one acre or more of developed area in any other stream or wetland watershed. A permit-by-rule is necessary for a project with one acre or more of disturbed area but less than one-acre impervious area (20,000 square feet for most-at-risk lakes and urban impaired streams) and less than five acres of developed area. Furthermore, a Maine Construction General Permit is required if the construction will result in one acre or more of disturbed area.

Septic waste disposal. All subsurface sewage disposal systems shall be installed in conformance with the State of Maine Subsurface Wastewater Disposal Rules, and the following:

Clearing or removal of woody vegetation necessary to site a new system and any associated fill extensions shall not extend closer than 75 feet, horizontal distance, from the normal high-water line of a water body or the upland edge of a wetland; and

A holding tank is not allowed for a first-time residential use in the Shoreland Zone.

NOTE: The Maine Subsurface Wastewater Disposal Rules require new systems, excluding fill extensions, to be constructed no less than 100 horizontal feet from the normal high-water line of a perennial water body. The minimum setback distance for a new subsurface disposal system may not be reduced by variance.

Essential services.

Where feasible, the installation of essential services shall be limited to existing public ways and existing service corridors.

The installation of essential services, other than roadside distribution lines, is not allowed in a Resource Protection or Stream Protection District, except to provide services to a permitted use within said district, or except where the applicant demonstrates that no reasonable alternative exists. Where allowed, such structures and facilities shall be located so as to minimize any adverse impacts on surrounding uses and resources, including visual impacts.

Damaged or destroyed public utility transmission and distribution lines, towers and related equipment may be replaced or reconstructed without a permit.

Mineral exploration and extraction. Mineral exploration to determine the nature or extent of mineral resources shall be accomplished by hand sampling, test boring, or other methods which create minimal disturbance of less than 100 square feet of ground surface. A permit from the Code Enforcement Officer shall be required for mineral exploration which exceeds the above limitation. All excavations, including test pits and holes, shall be immediately capped, filled or secured by other equally effective measures to restore disturbed areas and to protect the public health and safety. Mineral extraction may be permitted under the following conditions:

A reclamation plan shall be filed with, and approved, by the Planning Board before a permit is granted. Such plan shall describe in detail procedures to be undertaken to fulfill the requirements of § 478-15M(3) below.

No part of any extraction operation, including drainage and runoff control features, shall be permitted within 100 feet, horizontal distance, of the normal high-water line of a great pond or a river flowing to a great pond, and within 75 feet, horizontal distance, of the normal high-water line of any other water body, tributary stream, or the upland edge of a wetland. Extraction operations shall not be permitted within 50 feet, horizontal distance, of any property line without written permission of the owner of such adjacent property.

Within 12 months following the completion of extraction operations at any extraction site, which operations shall be deemed complete when less than 100 cubic yards of materials are removed in any consecutive twelve-month period, ground levels and grades shall be established in accordance with the following:

All debris, stumps, and similar material shall be removed for disposal in an approved location, or shall be buried on site. Only materials generated on-site may be buried or covered on site.

NOTE: The State of Maine Solid Waste Laws, 38 M.R.S.A., § 1301, and the Solid Waste Management Rules, Chapters 400 to 419 of the Department of Environmental Protection's regulations may contain other applicable provisions regarding disposal of such materials.

The final graded slope shall be 2 1/2 to one slope or flatter.

Top soil or loam shall be retained to cover all disturbed land areas, which shall be reseeded and stabilized with vegetation native to the area. Additional topsoil or loam shall be obtained from off-site sources if necessary to complete the stabilization project.

In keeping with the purposes of this chapter, the Planning Board may impose such conditions as are necessary to minimize the adverse impacts associated with mineral extraction operations on surrounding uses and resources.

Agriculture.

All spreading of manure shall be accomplished in conformance with the Manure Utilization Guidelines published by the Maine Department of Agriculture on November 1, 2001, and the Nutrient Management Law (7 M.R.S.A. §§ 4201 to 4209).

Manure shall not be stored or stockpiled within 100 feet, horizontal distance, of a great pond or a river flowing to a great pond, or within 75 feet horizontal distance, of other water bodies, tributary streams, or wetlands. All manure storage areas within the Shoreland Zone must be constructed or modified such that the facility produces no discharge of effluent or contaminated stormwater.

Agricultural activities involving tillage of soil greater than 40,000 square feet in surface area, within the Shoreland Zone shall require a conservation plan to be filed with the Planning Board. Nonconformance with the provisions of said plan shall be considered to be a violation of this chapter.

NOTE: Assistance in preparing a conservation plan may be available through the local Soil and Water Conservation District office.

There shall be no new tilling of soil within 100 feet, horizontal distance, of the normal high- water line of a great pond; within 75 feet, horizontal distance, from other water bodies; nor within 25 feet, horizontal distance, of tributary streams and wetlands. Operations in existence on the effective date of this chapter and not in conformance with this provision may be maintained.

Newly established livestock grazing areas shall not be permitted within 100 feet, horizontal distance, of the normal high-water line of a great pond; within 75 feet, horizontal distance, of other water bodies; nor within 25 feet, horizontal distance, of tributary streams and wetlands. Livestock grazing associated with ongoing farm activities, and which are not in conformance with the above setback provisions may continue, provided that such grazing is conducted in accordance with a Conservation Plan that has been filed with the Planning Board.

Timber harvesting.

In a Resource Protection District abutting a great pond, timber harvesting shall be limited to the following:

Within the strip of land extending 75 feet, horizontal distance, inland from the normal high-water line, timber harvesting may be conducted when the following conditions are met:

The ground is frozen;

There is no resultant soil disturbance;

The removal of trees is accomplished using a cable or boom and there is no entry of tracked or wheeled vehicles into the seventy-five-foot strip of land;

There is no cutting of trees less than six inches in diameter; no more than 30% of the trees six inches or more in diameter, measured at 4 1/2 feet above ground level, are cut in any ten-year period; and a well-distributed stand of trees and other natural vegetation remains; and

A licensed professional forester has marked the trees to be harvested prior to a permit being issued by the municipality or the Bureau of Forestry issuing a permit by rule.

Beyond the seventy-five-foot strip referred to in § 478-15O(1)(a) above, timber harvesting is permitted in accordance with Subsection O(2) below except that in no case shall the average residual basal area of trees over 4 1/2 inches in diameter at 4 1/2 feet above ground level be reduced to less than 30 square feet per acre.

Except in areas as described in § 478-15O(1) above, timber harvesting shall conform with the following provisions:

Selective cutting of no more than 40% of the total volume of trees four inches or more in diameter measured at 4 1/2 feet above ground level on any lot in any ten-year period is permitted. In addition:

Within 100 feet, horizontal distance, of the normal highwater line of a great pond or a river flowing to a great pond, and within 75 feet, horizontal distance, of the normal high-water line of other water bodies, tributary streams, or the upland edge of a wetland, there shall be no clear-cut openings and a well-distributed stand of trees and other vegetation, including existing ground cover, shall be maintained.

At distances greater than 100 feet, horizontal distance, of a great pond or a river flowing to a great pond, and greater than 75 feet, horizontal distance, of the normal high-water line of other water bodies or the upland edge of a wetland, harvesting operations shall not create single clear-cut openings greater than 10,000 square feet in the forest canopy. Where such openings exceed 5,000 square feet, they shall be at least 100 feet, horizontal distance, apart. Such clear-cut openings shall be included in the calculation of total volume removal. Volume may be considered to be equivalent to basal area.

Timber harvesting operations exceeding the 40% limitation in § 478-15O(2)(a) above, may be allowed by the Planning Board or the Bureau of Forestry upon a clear showing, including a forest management plan signed by a Maine-licensed professional forester, that such an exception is necessary for good forest management and will be carried out in accordance with the purposes of this chapter. The Planning Board shall notify the Commissioner of the Department of Environmental Protection of each exception allowed, within 14 days of the Planning Board's decision.

No accumulation of slash shall be left within 50 feet, horizontal distance, of the normal high-water line of a water body. In all other areas, slash shall either be removed or disposed of in such a manner that it lies on the ground and no part thereof extends more than four feet above the ground. Any debris that falls below the normal high-water line of a water body or tributary stream shall be removed.

Timber harvesting equipment shall not use stream channels as travel routes except when:

Surface waters are frozen; and

The activity will not result in any ground disturbance.

All crossings of flowing water shall require a bridge or culvert, except in areas with low banks and channel beds which are composed of gravel, rock or similar hard surface which would not be eroded or otherwise damaged.

Skid trail approaches to water crossings shall be located and designed so as to prevent water runoff from directly entering the water body or tributary stream. Upon completion of timber harvesting, temporary bridges and culverts shall be removed and areas of exposed soil revegetated.

(g)

Except for water crossings, skid trails and other sites where the operation of machinery used in timber harvesting results in the exposure of mineral soil shall be located such that an unscarified strip of vegetation of at least 75 feet, horizontal distance, in width for slopes up to 10% shall be retained between the exposed mineral soil and the normal high-water line of a water body or upland edge of a wetland. For each 10% increase in slope, the unscarified strip shall be increased by 20 feet, horizontal distance. The provisions of this subsection apply only to a face sloping toward the water body or wetland; provided, however, that no portion of such exposed mineral soil on a back face shall be closer than 25 feet, horizontal distance, to the normal high-water line of a water body or upland edge of a wetland.

Clearing or removal of vegetation for activities other than timber harvesting.

In a Resource Protection District abutting a great pond, there shall be no cutting of vegetation within the strip of land extending 75 feet, horizontal distance, inland from the normal high-water line, except to remove hazard trees in accordance with § 478-15Q. Elsewhere, in any Resource Protection District, the cutting or removal of vegetation shall be limited to that which is necessary for uses expressly authorized in that district.

Except in areas as described in § 478-15P(1), above, and except to allow for the development of permitted uses, within a strip of land extending 100 feet, horizontal distance, inland from the normal high-water line of a great pond or a river flowing to a great pond, and 75 feet, horizontal distance, from any other water body, tributary stream, or the upland edge of a wetland, a buffer strip of vegetation shall be preserved as follows:

There shall be no cleared opening greater than 250 square feet in the forest canopy (or other existing woody vegetation if a forested canopy is not present) as measured from the outer limits of the tree or shrub crown. However, a single footpath not to exceed six feet in width as measured between tree trunks and/or shrub stems is allowed, provided that a cleared line of sight to the water through the buffer strip is not created.

Selective cutting of trees within the buffer strip is allowed, provided that a well- distributed stand of trees and other natural vegetation is maintained.

For the purposes of § 478-15P(2)(b), a "well-distributed stand of trees" adjacent to a great pond or a river or stream flowing to a great pond, shall be defined as maintaining a rating score of 24 or more in each twenty-five-foot by fifty-foot rectangular (1,250 square feet) area as determined by the following rating system.

Diameter of Tree at 4 1/2 Feet Above Ground Level (inches)	Points
2 to less than 4	1
4 to less than 8	2
8 to less than 12	4
12 or greater	8

Adjacent to other water bodies, tributary streams, and wetlands, a "well-distributed stand of trees" is defined as maintaining a minimum rating score of 16 per twenty-five-foot by fifty-foot rectangular area.

NOTE: As an example, adjacent to a great pond, if a twenty-five-foot by fifty-foot plot contains four trees between two inches and four inches in diameter, two trees between four inches and eight inches in diameter, three trees between eight inches and 12 inches in diameter, and two trees over 12 inches in diameter, the rating score is:

(4x1) + (2x2) + (3x4) + (2x8) = 36 points

Thus, the twenty-five-foot by fifty-foot plot contains trees worth 36 points. Trees totaling 12 points (36-24 = 12) may be removed from the plot, provided that no cleared openings are created.

The following shall govern in applying this point system:

[a]

The twenty-five-foot by fifty-foot rectangular plots must be established where the landowner or lessee proposes clearing within the required buffer;

[b]

Each successive plot must be adjacent to, but not overlap a previous plot;

[c]

Any plot not containing the required points must have no vegetation removed except as otherwise allowed by this chapter;

[d]

Any plot containing the required points may have vegetation removed down to the minimum points required or as otherwise allowed by this chapter;

[e]

Where conditions permit, no more than 50% of the points on any twenty-five-foot by fifty-foot rectangular area may consist of trees greater than 12 inches in diameter.

For the purposes of § 478-15P(2)(b), "other natural vegetation" is defined as retaining existing vegetation under three feet in height and other ground cover and retaining at least five saplings less than two inches in diameter at 4 1/2 feet above ground level for each twenty-five-foot by fifty-foot rectangle area. If five saplings do not exist, no woody stems less than two inches in diameter can be removed until five saplings have been recruited into the plot.

Notwithstanding the above provisions, no more than 40% of the total volume of trees four inches or more in diameter, measured at 4 1/2 feet above ground level may be removed in any ten-year period.

In order to protect water quality and wildlife habitat, existing vegetation under three feet in height and other ground cover, including leaf litter and the forest duff layer, shall not be cut, covered, or removed, except to provide for a footpath or other permitted uses as described in § 478-15P(2) and (2)(a) above.

Pruning of tree branches, on the bottom 1/3 of the tree is allowed.

In order to maintain the vegetation in the shoreline buffer, removal of storm-damaged, hazard or dead trees and any required replanting shall occur in accordance with § 478-15Q.

In order to maintain the vegetation in the shoreline buffer, clearing or removal of vegetation for allowed activities, including associated construction and related equipment operation, within or outside the shoreline buffer, must comply with the requirements of § 478-15P(2).

At distances greater than 100 feet, horizontal distance, from a great pond or a river flowing to a great pond, and 75 feet, horizontal distance, from the normal high-water line of any other water body, tributary stream, or the upland edge of a wetland, there shall be allowed on any lot, in any ten-year period, selective cutting of not more than 40% of the volume of trees four inches or more in diameter, measured 4 1/2 feet above ground level. Tree removal in conjunction with the development of permitted uses shall be included in the 40% calculation. For the purposes of these standards, volume may be considered to be equivalent to basal area.

In no event shall cleared openings for any purpose, including, but not limited to, principal and accessory structures, driveways, lawns and sewage disposal areas, exceed, in the aggregate, 25% of the lot area within the Shoreland Zone or 10,000 square feet, whichever is greater, including land previously cleared. This provision shall not apply to the General Development Districts.

Legally existing nonconforming cleared openings may be maintained, in accordance with § 478-15R. If these areas, fields or other cleared openings have reverted back to primarily woody vegetation, as a result of not maintaining them in accordance with § 478-15R, then the provisions of § 478-15P shall apply.

Hazard trees, dead trees and storm-damaged trees.

Hazard trees may be removed without a permit after consultation with the Code Enforcement Officer, provided the following requirements are met:

Within the shoreline buffer, if the removal of a hazard tree results in a cleared opening in the tree canopy greater than 250 square feet, the opening shall be replaced with native tree species, unless there is new tree growth already present near to where the hazard tree was removed. New tree growth is considered to be at least two inches in diameter, measured at 4.5 feet above ground level. If new growth is not present, then replacement trees shall consist of native species, be at least four feet in height and be no less than two inches DBH. Stumps shall not be removed.

Outside the shoreline buffer, if the removal of hazard trees results in more than 40% of the volume of trees, four inches or more in diameter as measured at 4.5 feet above ground level, being removed in any ten-year period; or results in cleared openings of more than 25% of the lot area within the shoreland zone or more than 10,000 square feet, whichever is greater; then replacement with native tree species is required, unless there is new tree growth already present near to where the hazard tree was removed. New tree growth is considered to be at least two inches DBH. If new growth is not present, then replacement trees shall consist of native species and be no less than two inches DBH.

The code enforcement officer may require the applicant to submit an evaluation from a licensed forester or arborist before any hazard tree can be removed within the shoreland zone.

The code enforcement officer may require more than a one-for-one replacement for removed hazard trees that exceeded eight inches in diameter at 4.5 feet above ground level.

Dead trees may be removed without a permit, provided the following requirements are met:

The trees are dead from natural causes. Dead trees are those that contain no foliage during the growing season.

The removal of dead trees does not result in the creation of new lawn areas or other permanently cleared areas.

Stumps shall not be removed.

Storm-damaged trees may be removed without a permit after consultation with the Code Enforcement Officer, provided the following requirements are met:

Within the shoreline buffer, if the removal of storm-damaged trees results in a cleared opening in the tree canopy greater than 250 square feet, the following shall be required:

The area shall be required to naturally revegetate. If after one growing season, no natural regeneration or regrowth is present, replanting of native tree seedlings or saplings shall be required at a density of one seedling/sapling per every 80 square feet of open canopy.

The removal of storm-damaged trees does not result in the creation of new lawn areas or other permanently cleared areas.

Stumps shall not be removed.

Limbs damaged from a storm event may be pruned even if they extend beyond the bottom 1/3 of the tree.

Outside the shoreline buffer, if the removal of storm-damaged trees results in more than 40% of the volume of trees, four inches or more in diameter as measured at 4.5 feet above ground level, being removed in any ten-year period; or results in cleared openings of more than 25% of the lot area within the shoreland zone or more than 10,000 square feet, whichever is greater; then the area shall be required to naturally revegetate. If after one growing season, no natural regeneration or regrowth is present, replanting of native tree seedlings or saplings shall be required on a one-for-one basis.

Exemptions to § 478-15P. The following activities are exempt from the standards for clearing or removal of vegetation set forth in § 478-15P, provided that all other applicable requirements of this chapter are complied with, and the removal of vegetation is limited to that which is necessary:

The clearing or removal of vegetation that occurs at least once every two years for the maintenance of legally existing areas that do not comply with the standards of § 478-15P, such as but not limited to cleared openings in the canopy or fields. If any of these areas revert back to primarily woody vegetation, due to a lack of removal of vegetation every two years, the requirements of § 478-15P shall apply.

The clearing or removal of vegetation from the location of allowed structures or allowed uses, when the shoreline setback requirements of § 478-15B are not applicable.

The clearing or removal of vegetation from the location of public swimming areas associated with allowed public recreational facilities.

The clearing or removal of vegetation associated with allowed agricultural uses, provided that all requirements of § 478-15N are complied with, and that best management practices are utilized.

The clearing or removal of vegetation associated with brownfields or voluntary response action program projects pursuant to 38 M.R.S.A. § 343-E, provided that the following provisions are met:

The clearing or removal of vegetation is within the shoreland zone of rivers that do not flow to great ponds that are designated as General Development Districts; and

The clearing or removal of vegetation is necessary for remediation activities to clean up contamination.

The clearing or removal of non-native invasive vegetation, provided that the following requirements are met:

If clearing or removal of vegetation occurs via wheeled or tracked motorized equipment, then the wheeled or tracked motorized equipment is operated and stored at least 25 feet, horizontal distance, from the shoreline, except that the wheeled or tracked motorized equipment may be operated or stored on existing structural surfaces, such as pavement or gravel;

The clearing or removal of vegetation within 25 feet, horizontal distance, from the shoreline occurs via hand tools; and

If the clearing or removal of non-native invasive vegetation results in a standard of § 478-15P being exceeded, then the area shall be revegetated in accordance with § 478-15S to achieve compliance with the applicable standard(s) of § 478-15P.

NOTE: An updated list of non-native invasive vegetation is maintained by the Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry's Natural Areas Program. http://www.maine.gov/dacf/mnap/features/invasive_plants/invasives.htm

The clearing or removal of vegetation associated with emergency response activities conducted by the Department, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Coast Guard, and their agents.

Revegetation requirements. When revegetation is required to address the removal of non-native invasive species of vegetation, to address removal of vegetation in conjunction with shoreline stabilization, in response to violations of the standards set forth in § 478-15P, or as a mechanism to allow for development that may otherwise not be permissible due to the standards of § 478-15P, then revegetation shall comply with the following requirements:

The applicant must submit a revegetation plan, prepared with and signed by a qualified professional, that describes revegetation activities and maintenance. The plan must include a scaled site plan, depicting where vegetation was, or is to be removed, where existing vegetation is to remain, and where vegetation is to be planted, including a list of all vegetation to be planted.

Revegetation must occur along the same segment of shoreline and in the same area where vegetation was removed, and must occur at a density comparable to the preexisting vegetation. If this is not feasible due to shoreline stabilization, then revegetation must occur along the same segment of shoreline and as close as possible to the area where vegetation was removed.

If part of a permitted activity, revegetation shall occur before the expiration of the permit. If the activity or revegetation is not completed before the expiration of the permit, a new revegetation plan shall be submitted with any renewal or new permit application.

Revegetation activities must meet the following requirements for trees and saplings:

All trees and saplings removed must be replaced with native noninvasive species;

Replacement vegetation must consist of saplings at a minimum;

If more than three trees or saplings are planted, then at least three different species shall be used;

No one species shall make up 50% or more of the number of trees and saplings planted;

If revegetation is required for shoreline stabilization, and it is not possible to plant trees and saplings in the same area where trees or saplings were removed, then trees or saplings must be planted in a location that effectively reestablishes the screening between the shoreline and structures; and

A survival rate of at least 80% of planted trees/saplings is required for a minimum of five years.

Revegetation activities must meet the following requirements for all woody vegetation and for other vegetation under three feet in height:

All woody vegetation and vegetation under three feet in height must be replaced with native noninvasive species of woody vegetation and vegetation under three feet in height as applicable;

Woody vegetation and vegetation under three feet in height shall be planted in quantities and variety sufficient to prevent erosion and provide for effective infiltration of stormwater;

If more than three woody vegetation plants are to be planted, then at least three different species shall be planted;

No one species shall make up 50% or more of the number of planted woody vegetation plants; and

Survival of planted woody vegetation and vegetation under three feet in height must be sufficient to remain in compliance with the standards contained in § 478-15P for a minimum of five years.

Revegetation activities must meet the following requirements for ground vegetation and ground cover:

All ground vegetation and ground cover removed must be replaced with native herbaceous vegetation, in quantities and variety sufficient to prevent erosion and provide for effective infiltration of stormwater;

Where necessary due to a lack of sufficient ground cover, the area must be supplemented with leaf mulch and/or bark mulch at a minimum of four inches deep to prevent erosion and provide for effective infiltration of stormwater; and

Survival and functionality of ground vegetation and ground cover must be sufficient to remain in compliance with the standards contained within this chapter for a minimum of five years.

Erosion and sedimentation control.

All activities which involve filling, grading, excavation or other similar activities which result in unstabilized soil conditions and which require a permit shall also require a written soil erosion and sedimentation control plan. The plan shall be submitted to the permitting authority for approval and shall include, where applicable, provisions for:

Mulching and revegetation of disturbed soil.

Temporary runoff control features, such as hay bales, silt fencing or diversion ditches.

Permanent stabilization structures, such as retaining walls or rip-rap.

In order to create the least potential for erosion, development shall be designed to fit with the topography and soils of the site. Areas of steep slopes where high cuts and fills may be required shall be avoided wherever possible, and natural contours shall be followed as closely as possible.

Erosion and sedimentation control measures shall apply to all aspects of the proposed project involving land disturbance, and shall be in operation during all stages of the activity. The amount of exposed soil at every phase of construction shall be minimized to reduce the potential for erosion.

Any exposed ground area shall be temporarily or permanently stabilized within one week from the time it was last actively worked, by use of riprap, sod, seed, and mulch, or other effective measures. In all cases permanent stabilization shall occur within nine months of the initial date of exposure. In addition:

Where mulch is used, it shall be applied at a rate of at least one bale per 500 square feet and shall be maintained until a catch of vegetation is established.

Anchoring the mulch with netting, peg and twine or other suitable method may be required to maintain the mulch cover.

Additional measures shall be taken where necessary in order to avoid siltation into the water. Such measures may include the use of staked hay bales and/or silt fences.

Natural and man-made drainage ways and drainage outlets shall be protected from erosion from water flowing through them. Drainageways shall be designed and constructed in order to carry water from a twenty-five-year storm or greater, and shall be stabilized with vegetation or lined with riprap.

When an excavation contractor will perform these activities, compliance with the following shall be required:

A person certified in erosion control practices by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection shall be responsible for management of erosion and sedimentation control practices at the site. This person shall be present at the site each day these activities occur for a duration that is sufficient to ensure that proper erosion and sedimentation control practices are followed. This is required until installation of erosion and sedimentation control measures that will either stay in place permanently or stay in place until the area is sufficiently covered with vegetation necessary to prevent soil erosion.

Include on the required plan or permit application, the name and certification number of the person who will oversee activities causing or resulting in soil disturbance.

Soils. All land uses shall be located on soils in or upon which the proposed uses or structures can be established or maintained without causing adverse environmental impacts, including severe erosion, mass soil movement, improper drainage, and water pollution, whether during or after construction. Proposed uses requiring subsurface waste disposal, and commercial or industrial development and other similar intensive land uses, shall require a soils report based on an on-site investigation and be prepared by state-certified professionals. Certified persons may include Maine-certified soil scientists, Maine-registered professional engineers, Maine-State-certified geologists and other persons who have training and experience in the recognition and evaluation of soil properties. The report shall be based upon the analysis of the characteristics of the soil and surrounding land and water areas, maximum groundwater elevation, presence of ledge, drainage conditions, and other pertinent data which the evaluator deems appropriate. The soils report shall include recommendations for a proposed use to counteract soil limitations where they exist.

Water quality. No activity shall deposit on or into the ground or discharge to the waters of the state any pollutant that, by itself or in combination with other activities or substances, will impair designated uses or the water classification of the water body, tributary stream or wetland.

Archaeological site. Any proposed land use activity involving structural development or soil disturbance on or adjacent to sites listed on, or eligible to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places, as determined by the permitting authority, shall be submitted by the applicant to the Maine Historic Preservation Commission for review and comment, at least 20 days prior to action being taken by the permitting authority. The permitting authority shall consider comments received from the Commission prior to rendering a decision on the application.

NOTE: Municipal officials should contact the Maine Historic Preservation Commission for the listing and location of historic places in their community.

§ 478-16 Administration.

Administering bodies and agents.

Code Enforcement Officer. A Code Enforcement Officer shall be appointed or reappointed annually by July 1.

Board of Appeals. A Board of Appeals shall be created in accordance with the provisions of 30-A M.R.S.A. § 2691.

Planning Board. A Planning Board shall be created in accordance with the provisions of state law.

Permits required. After the effective date of this chapter, no person shall, without first obtaining a permit, engage in any activity or use of land or structure requiring a permit in the district in which such activity or use would occur; or expand, change, or replace an existing use or structure; or renew a discontinued nonconforming use. A person who is issued a permit pursuant to this chapter shall have a copy of the permit on site while the work authorized by the permit is performed.

A permit is not required for the replacement of an existing road culvert as long as:

The replacement culvert is not more than 25% longer than the culvert being replaced;

The replacement culvert is not longer than 75 feet; and

Adequate erosion control measures are taken to prevent sedimentation of the water, and the crossing does not block fish passage in the watercourse.

A permit is not required for an archaeological excavation as long as the excavation is conducted by an archaeologist listed on the State Historic Preservation Officer's Level 1 or Level 2 approved list, and unreasonable erosion and sedimentation is prevented by means of adequate and timely temporary and permanent stabilization measures.

Any permit required by this chapter shall be in addition to any other permit required by other law or chapter.

Permit application.

Every applicant for a permit shall submit a written application, including a scaled site plan, on a form provided by the municipality, to the appropriate official as indicated in § 478-14.

All applications shall be signed by an owner or individual who can show evidence of right, title or interest in the property or by an agent, representative, tenant, or contractor of the owner with authorization from the owner to apply for a permit hereunder, certifying that the information in the application is complete and correct.

All applications shall be dated, and the Code Enforcement Officer or Planning Board, as appropriate, shall note upon each application the date and time of its receipt.

If the property is not served by a public sewer, a valid plumbing permit or a completed application for a plumbing permit, including the site evaluation approved by the Plumbing Inspector, shall be submitted whenever the nature of the proposed structure or use would require the installation of a subsurface sewage disposal system.

Procedure for administering permits.

Within 35 days of the date of receiving a written application, the Planning Board or Code Enforcement Officer, as indicated in § 478-14, shall notify the applicant in writing either that the application is a complete application, or, if the application is incomplete, that specified additional material is needed to make the application complete. The Planning Board or the Code Enforcement Officer, as appropriate, shall approve, approve with conditions, or deny all permit applications in writing within 35 days of receiving a completed application. However, if the Planning Board has a waiting list of applications, a decision on the application shall occur within 35 days after the first available date on the Planning Board's agenda following receipt of the completed application, or within 35 days of the public hearing, if the proposed use or structure is found to be in conformance with the purposes and provisions of this chapter.

The applicant shall have the burden of proving that the proposed land use activity is in conformity with the purposes and provisions of this chapter.

After the submission of a complete application to the Planning Board, the Board shall approve an application or approve it with conditions if it makes a positive finding based on the information presented that the proposed use:

Will maintain safe and healthful conditions;

Will not result in water pollution, erosion, or sedimentation to surface waters;

Will adequately provide for the disposal of all wastewater;

Will not have an adverse impact on spawning grounds, fish, aquatic life, bird or other wildlife habitat;

Will conserve shore cover and visual, as well as actual, points of access to inland waters;

Will protect archaeological and historic resources as designated in the comprehensive plan;

(g)

Will not adversely affect existing commercial fishing or maritime activities;

(h)

Will avoid problems associated with floodplain development and use; and

(i)

Is in conformance with the provisions of § 478-15, Land use standards.

If a permit is either denied or approved with conditions, the reasons as well as conditions shall be stated in writing. No approval shall be granted for an application involving a structure if the structure would be located in an unapproved subdivision or would violate any other local chapter, or regulation or statute administered by the municipality.

Special exceptions. In addition to the criteria specified in § 478-16D above, excepting structure setback requirements, the Planning Board may approve a permit for a single-family residential structure in a Resource Protection District, provided that the applicant demonstrates that all of the following conditions are met:

There is no location on the property, other than a location within the Resource Protection District, where the structure can be built.

The lot on which the structure is proposed is undeveloped and was established and recorded in the registry of deeds of the county in which the lot is located before the adoption of the Resource Protection District.

All proposed buildings, sewage disposal systems and other improvements are:

Located on natural ground slopes of less than 20%; and

Located outside the floodway of the 100-year floodplain along rivers and artificially formed great ponds along rivers, based on detailed flood insurance studies and as delineated on the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Flood Boundary and Floodway Maps and Flood Insurance Rate Maps; all buildings, including basements, are elevated at least one foot above the 100-year floodplain elevation; and the development is otherwise in compliance with any applicable municipal floodplain chapter. If the floodway is not shown on the Federal Emergency Management Agency Maps, it is deemed to be 1/2 the width of the 100-year floodplain.

The total footprint, as defined, is limited to a maximum of 1,500 square feet. This limitation shall not be altered by variance.

All structures, except functionally water-dependent structures, are set back from the normal high-water line of a water body, tributary stream or upland edge of a wetland to the greatest practical extent, but not less than 75 feet, horizontal distance. In determining the greatest practical extent, the Planning Board shall consider the depth of the lot, the slope of the land, the potential for soil erosion, the type and amount of vegetation to be removed, the proposed building site's elevation in regard to the floodplain, and its proximity to moderate-value and high-value wetlands.

Expiration of permit. Permits shall expire one year from the date of issuance if a substantial start is not made in construction or in the use of the property during that period. If a substantial start is made within one year of the issuance of the permit, the applicant shall have one additional year to complete the project, at which time the permit shall expire.

Installation of public utility service. A public utility, water district, sanitary district or any utility company of any kind may not install services to any new structure located in the Shoreland Zone unless written authorization attesting to the validity and currency of all local permits required under this chapter or any previous chapter has been issued by the appropriate municipal officials or other written arrangements have been made between the municipal officials and the utility.

Appeals.

Powers and duties of the Board of Appeals. The Board of Appeals shall have the following powers:

Administrative appeals: to hear and decide administrative appeals, on an appellate basis, where it is alleged by an aggrieved party that there is an error in any order, requirement, decision, or determination made by, or failure to act by, the Planning Board in the administration of this chapter; and to hear and decide administrative appeals on a de novo basis where it is alleged by an aggrieved party that there is an error in any order, requirement, decision or determination made by, or failure to act by, the Code Enforcement Officer in his or her review of and action on a permit application under this chapter. Any order, requirement, decision or determination made, or failure to act, in the enforcement of this chapter is not appealable to the Board of Appeals.

Variance appeals: to authorize variances upon appeal, within the limitations set forth in this chapter.

Variance appeals. Variances may be granted only under the following conditions:

Variances may be granted only from dimensional requirements, including, but not limited to, lot width, structure height, percent of lot coverage, and setback requirements.

Variances shall not be granted for establishment of any uses otherwise prohibited by this chapter.

The Board shall not grant a variance unless it finds that:

The proposed structure or use would meet the provisions of § 478-15 except for the specific provision which has created the nonconformity and from which relief is sought; and

The strict application of the terms of this chapter would result in undue hardship. The term "undue hardship" shall mean:

[a]

That the land in question cannot yield a reasonable return unless a variance is granted;

[b]

That the need for a variance is due to the unique circumstances of the property and not to the general conditions in the neighborhood;

[c]

That the granting of a variance will not alter the essential character of the locality; and

[d]

That the hardship is not the result of action taken by the applicant or a prior owner.

Notwithstanding § 478-16H(2)(c)[2] above, the Board of Appeals may grant a variance to an owner of a residential dwelling for the purpose of making that dwelling accessible to a person with a disability who resides in or regularly uses the dwelling. The Board shall restrict any variance granted under this subsection solely to the installation of equipment or the construction of structures necessary for access to or egress from the dwelling by the person with the disability. The Board may impose conditions on the variance, including limiting the variance to the duration of the disability or to the time that the person with the disability lives in the dwelling. The term "structures necessary for access to or egress from the dwelling" shall include railing, wall or roof systems necessary for the safety or effectiveness of the structure. Such permitting is subject to § 478-16H(2)(f) and § 478-16H(4)(b)[4] below.

The Board of Appeals shall limit any variances granted as strictly as possible in order to ensure conformance with the purposes and provisions of this chapter to the greatest extent possible, and in doing so may impose such conditions to a variance as it deems necessary. The party receiving the variance shall comply with any conditions imposed.

A copy of each variance request, including the application and all supporting information supplied by the applicant, shall be forwarded by the municipal officials to the Commissioner of the Department of Environmental Protection at least 20 days prior to action by the Board of Appeals. Any comments received from the Commissioner prior to the action by the Board of Appeals shall be made part of the record and shall be taken into consideration by the Board of Appeals.

Administrative appeals.

When the Board of Appeals reviews a decision of the Code Enforcement Officer, the Board of Appeals shall hold a "de novo" hearing. At this time the Board may receive and consider new evidence and testimony, be it oral or written. When acting in a "de novo" capacity, the Board of Appeals shall hear and decide the matter afresh, undertaking its own independent analysis of evidence and the law, and reaching its own decision.

When the Board of Appeals hears a decision of the Planning Board, it shall hold an appellate hearing, and may reverse the decision of the Planning Board only upon finding that the decision was contrary to specific provisions of the chapter or contrary to the facts presented to the Planning Board. The Board of Appeals may only review the record of the proceedings before the Planning Board. The Board of Appeals shall not receive or consider any evidence which was not presented to the Planning Board, but the Board of Appeals may receive and consider written or oral arguments. If the Board of Appeals determines that the record of the Planning Board proceedings are inadequate, the Board of Appeals may remand the matter to the Planning Board for additional fact finding.

Appeal procedure.

Making an appeal.

An administrative or variance appeal may be taken to the Board of Appeals by an aggrieved party from any decision of the Code Enforcement Officer or the Planning Board, except for enforcement-related matters as described in § 478-16H(1)(a) above. Such an appeal shall be taken within 30 days of the date of the official, written decision appealed from, and not otherwise, except that the Board, upon a showing of good cause, may waive the thirty-day requirement.

Applications for appeals shall be made by filing with the Board of Appeals a written notice of appeal which includes:

[a]

A concise written statement indicating what relief is requested and why the appeal or variance should be granted.

[b]

A sketch drawn to scale showing lot lines, location of existing buildings and structures and other physical features of the lot pertinent to the relief sought.

Upon receiving an application for an administrative appeal or a variance, the Code Enforcement Officer or Planning Board, as appropriate, shall transmit to the Board of Appeals all of the papers constituting the record of the decision appealed from.

The Board of Appeals shall hold a public hearing on an administrative appeal or a request for a variance within 35 days of its receipt of a complete written application, unless this time period is extended by the parties.

Decision by the Board of Appeals.

A majority of the full voting membership of the Board shall constitute a quorum for the purpose of deciding an appeal.

The person filing the appeal shall have the burden of proof.

The Board shall decide all administrative appeals and variance appeals within 35 days after the close of the hearing, and shall issue a written decision on all appeals.

The Board of Appeals shall state the reasons and basis for its decision, including a statement of the facts found and conclusions reached by the Board. The Board shall cause written notice of its decision to be mailed or hand-delivered to the applicant and to the Department of Environmental Protection within seven days of the Board's decision. Copies of written decisions of the Board of Appeals shall be given to the Planning Board, Code Enforcement Officer, and the municipal officers.

Appeal to Superior Court. Except as provided by 30-A M.R.S.A. § 2691, Subsection 3F, any aggrieved party who participated as a party during the proceedings before the Board of Appeals may take an appeal to Superior Court in accordance with state laws within 45 days from the date of any decision of the Board of Appeals.

Reconsideration.

In accordance with 30-A M.R.S.A. § 2691 Subsection 3F, the Board of Appeals may reconsider any decision within 45 days of its prior decision. A request to the Board to reconsider a decision must be filed within 10 days of the decision that is being reconsidered. A vote to reconsider and the action taken on that reconsideration must occur and be completed within 45 days of the date of the vote on the original decision. Reconsideration of a decision shall require a positive vote of the majority of the Board members originally voting on the decision, and proper notification to the landowner, petitioner, Planning Board, Code Enforcement Officer, and other parties of interest, including abuttors and those who testified at the original hearing(s). The Board may conduct additional hearings and receive additional evidence and testimony.

Appeal of a reconsidered decision to Superior Court must be made within 15 days after the decision on reconsideration.

Enforcement.

Nuisances. Any violation of this chapter shall be deemed to be a nuisance.

Code Enforcement Officer.

It shall be the duty of the Code Enforcement Officer to enforce the provisions of this chapter. If the Code Enforcement Officer shall find that any provision of this chapter is being violated, he or she shall notify in writing the person responsible for such violation, indicating the nature of the violation and ordering the action necessary to correct it, including discontinuance of illegal use of land, buildings or structures, or work being done, removal of illegal buildings or structures, and abatement of nuisance conditions. A copy of such notices shall be submitted to the municipal officers and be maintained as a permanent record.

The Code Enforcement Officer shall conduct on-site inspections to ensure compliance with all applicable laws and conditions attached to permit approvals. The Code Enforcement Officer shall also investigate all complaints of alleged violations of this chapter.

The Code Enforcement Officer shall keep a complete record of all essential transactions of the office, including applications submitted, permits granted or denied, variances granted or denied, revocation actions, revocation of permits, appeals, court actions, violations investigated, violations found, and fees collected.

Legal actions. When the above action does not result in the correction or abatement of the violation or nuisance condition, the Municipal Officers, upon notice from the Code Enforcement Officer, are hereby directed to institute any and all actions and proceedings, either legal or equitable, including seeking injunctions of violations and the imposition of fines, that may be appropriate or necessary to enforce the provisions of this chapter in the name of the municipality. The municipal officers, or their authorized agent, are hereby authorized to enter into administrative consent agreements for the purpose of eliminating violations of this chapter and recovering fines without Court action. Such agreements shall not allow an illegal structure or use to continue unless there is clear and convincing evidence that the illegal structure or use was constructed or conducted as a direct result of erroneous advice given by an authorized municipal official and there is no evidence that the owner acted in bad faith, or unless the removal of the structure or use will result in a threat or hazard to public health and safety or will result in substantial environmental damage.

ACCESSORY STRUCTURE OR USE

Fines. Any person, including, but not limited to a landowner, a landowner's agent or a contractor, who violates any provision or requirement of this chapter shall be penalized in accordance with 30-A M.R.S.A. § 4452.

NOTE: Current penalties include fines of not less than $100 nor more than $2,500 per violation for each day that the violation continues. However, in a Resource Protection District, the maximum penalty is increased to $5,000 (30-A M.R.S.A. § 4452).

§ 478-17 Definitions.

As used in this chapter, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated:

A use or structure which is incidental and subordinate to the principal use or structure. Accessory uses, when aggregated, shall not subordinate the principal use of the lot. A deck or similar extension of the principal structure or a garage attached to the principal structure by a roof or a common wall is considered part of the principal structure.

AGGRIEVED PARTY

An owner of land whose property is directly or indirectly affected by the granting or denial of a permit or variance under this chapter; a person whose land abuts land for which a permit or variance has been granted; or any other person or group of persons who have suffered particularized injury as a result of the granting or denial of such permit or variance.

AGRICULTURE

The production, keeping or maintenance for sale or lease, of plants and/or animals, including but not limited to forages and sod crops; grains and seed crops; dairy animals and dairy products; poultry and poultry products; livestock; fruits and vegetables; and ornamental and greenhouse products. Agriculture does not include forest management and timber harvesting activities.

AQUACULTURE

The growing or propagation of harvestable freshwater, estuarine, or marine plant or animal species.

BASAL AREA

The area of cross section of a tree stem at 4 1/2 feet above ground level and inclusive of bark.

BASEMENT

Any portion of a structure with a floor-to-ceiling height of six feet or more and having more than 50% of its volume below the existing ground level.

BOAT LAUNCHING FACILITY

A facility designed primarily for the launching and landing of watercraft, and which may include an access ramp, docking area, and parking spaces for vehicles and trailers.

BUREAU OF FORESTRY

State of Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry, Bureau of Forestry.

CAMPGROUND

Any area or tract of land to accommodate two or more parties in temporary living quarters, including, but not limited to tents, recreational vehicles or other shelters.

CANOPY

The more or less continuous cover formed by tree crowns in a wooded area.

COMMERCIAL USE

The use of lands, buildings, or structures, other than a "home occupation," defined below, the intent and result of which activity is the production of income from the buying and selling of goods and/or services, exclusive of rental of residential buildings and/or dwelling units.

CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA

The cross-sectional area of a stream or tributary stream channel is determined by multiplying the stream or tributary stream channel width by the average stream or tributary stream channel depth. The stream or tributary stream channel width is the straight line distance from the normal high-water line on one side of the channel to the normal high-water line on the opposite side of the channel. The average stream or tributary stream channel depth is the average of the vertical distances from a straight line between the normal high-water lines of the stream or tributary stream channel to the bottom of the channel.

DBH

The diameter of a standing tree measured 4.5 feet from ground level.

DEVELOPMENT

A change in land use involving alteration of the land, water or vegetation, or the addition or alteration of structures or other construction not naturally occurring.

DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Numerical standards relating to spatial relationships including but not limited to setback, lot area, shore frontage and height.

DISABILITY

Any disability, infirmity, malformation, disfigurement, congenital defect or mental condition caused by bodily injury, accident, disease, birth defect, environmental conditions or illness; and also includes the physical or mental condition of a person which constitutes a substantial handicap as determined by a physician or in the case of mental handicap, by a psychiatrist or psychologist, as well as any other health or sensory impairment which requires special education, vocational rehabilitation or related services.

DISRUPTION OF SHORELINE INTEGRITY

The alteration of the physical shape, properties, or condition of a shoreline at any location by timber harvesting and related activities. A shoreline where shoreline integrity has been disrupted is recognized by compacted, scarified and/or rutted soil, an abnormal channel or shoreline cross-section, and in the case of flowing waters, a profile and character altered from natural conditions.

DRIVEWAY

A vehicular accessway less than 500 feet in length serving two single-family dwellings or one two-family dwelling, or less.

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

Operations conducted for the public health, safety or general welfare, such as protection of resources from immediate destruction or loss, law enforcement, and operations to rescue human beings, property and livestock from the threat of destruction or injury.

ESSENTIAL SERVICES

Gas, electrical or communication facilities; steam, fuel, electric power or water transmission or distribution lines, towers and related equipment; telephone cables or lines, poles and related equipment; gas, oil, water, slurry or other similar pipelines; municipal sewage lines, collection or supply systems; and associated storage tanks. Such systems may include towers, poles, wires, mains, drains, pipes, conduits, cables, fire alarms and police call boxes, traffic signals, hydrants and similar accessories, but shall not include service drops or buildings which are necessary for the furnishing of such services.

EXCAVATION CONTRACTOR

An individual or firm that either is engaged in a business that causes the disturbance of one or more cubic yards of soil, or is in a business in which the disturbance of one or more cubic yards of soil results from an activity that the individual or firm is retained to perform. Disturbance includes: grading, filling, and removal. A person or firm engaged in agriculture or timber harvesting activities is not considered an excavation contractor as long as best management practices for erosion and sedimentation control are used. Municipal, state and federal employees engaged in projects associated with that employment are not considered excavation contractors.

EXPANSION OF A STRUCTURE

An increase in the footprint or height of a structure, including all extensions such as, but not limited to: attached decks, garages, porches and greenhouses.

EXPANSION OF USE

The addition of one or more months to a use's operating season; or the use of more footprint of a structure or ground area devoted to a particular use.

FAMILY

One or more persons occupying a premises and living as a single housekeeping unit.

FLOODWAY

The channel of a river or other watercourse and adjacent land areas that must be reserved in order to discharge the 100-year flood without cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation by more than one foot in height.

FLOOR AREA

The sum of the horizontal areas of the floor(s) of a structure enclosed by exterior walls.

FOOTPRINT

The entire area of ground covered by the structure(s) on a lot, including but not limited to: cantilevered or similar overhanging extensions, as well as unenclosed structures such as patios and decks.

FOREST MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES

Timber cruising and other forest resource evaluation activities, pesticide or fertilizer application, management planning activities, timber stand improvement, pruning, regeneration of forest stands, and other similar or associated activities, exclusive of timber harvesting and the construction, creation or maintenance of roads.

FOREST STAND

A contiguous group of trees sufficiently uniform in age class distribution, composition, and structure, and growing on a site of sufficiently uniform quality, to be a distinguishable unit.

FORESTED WETLAND

A freshwater wetland dominated by woody vegetation that is six meters tall (approximately 20 feet) or taller.

FOUNDATION

The supporting substructure of a building or other structure, excluding wooden sills and post supports, but including basements, slabs, frostwalls, or other base consisting of concrete, block, brick or similar material.

FRESHWATER WETLAND

Freshwater swamps, marshes, bogs and similar areas, other than forested wetlands, which are:

Of 10 or more contiguous acres; or of less than 10 contiguous acres and adjacent to a surface water body, excluding any river, stream or brook, such that in a natural state, the combined surface area is in excess of 10 acres; and

FUNCTIONALLY WATER-DEPENDENT USES

Inundated or saturated by surface water or groundwater at a frequency and for a duration sufficient to support, and which under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of wetland vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soils.

Freshwater wetlands may contain small stream channels or inclusions of land that do not conform to the criteria of this definition.

Those uses that require, for their primary purpose, location on submerged lands or that require direct access to, or location in, inland waters and that cannot be located away from these waters. The uses include, but are not limited to commercial and recreational fishing and boating facilities, excluding recreational boat storage buildings, finfish and shellfish processing, fish storage and retail and wholesale fish marketing facilities, waterfront dock and port facilities, shipyards and boat building facilities, marinas, navigation aids, basins and channels, retaining walls, industrial uses dependent upon water-borne transportation or requiring large volumes of cooling or processing water that cannot reasonably be located or operated at an inland site, and uses that primarily provide general public access to inland waters. Recreational boat storage buildings are not considered to be a functional water-dependent use.

GREAT POND

Any inland body of water which in a natural state has a surface area in excess of 10 acres, and any inland body of water artificially formed or increased which has a surface area in excess of 30 acres except for the purposes of this chapter, where the artificially formed or increased inland body of water, is completely surrounded by land held by a single owner.

GROUND COVER

Small plants, fallen leaves, needles and twigs, and the partially decayed organic matter of the forest floor.

HARVEST AREA

The area where timber harvesting and related activities, including the cutting of trees, skidding, yarding, and associated road construction take place. The area affected by a harvest encompasses the area within the outer boundaries of these activities, excepting unharvested areas greater than 10 acres within the area affected by a harvest.

HAZARD TREE

A tree with a structural defect, combination of defects, or disease resulting in a structural defect that under the normal range of environmental conditions at the site exhibits a high probability of failure and loss of a major structural component of the tree in a manner that will strike a target. A normal range of environmental conditions does not include meteorological anomalies, such as, but not limited to: hurricanes, hurricane-force winds, tornados, microbursts, or significant ice storm events. Hazard trees also include those trees that pose a serious and imminent risk to bank stability. A target is the area where personal injury or property damage could occur if the tree or a portion of the tree fails. Targets include roads, driveways, parking areas, structures, campsites, and any other developed area where people frequently gather and linger.

HEIGHT OF A STRUCTURE

The vertical distance between the mean original (prior to construction) grade at the downhill side of the structure and the highest point of the structure, excluding chimneys, steeples, antennas, and similar appurtenances that have no floor area.

HOME OCCUPATION

An occupation or profession which is customarily conducted on or in a residential structure or property and which is:

Clearly incidental to and compatible with the residential use of the property and surrounding residential uses; and

Which employs no more than two persons other than family members residing in the home.

INCREASE IN NONCONFORMITY OF A STRUCTURE

Any change in a structure or property which causes further deviation from the dimensional standard(s) creating the nonconformity, such as, but not limited to, reduction in water body, tributary stream or wetland setback distance, increase in lot coverage, or increase in height of a structure. Property changes or structure expansions which either meet the dimensional standard or which cause no further increase in the linear extent of nonconformance of the existing structure shall not be considered to increase nonconformity. For example, there is no increase in nonconformity with the setback requirement for water bodies, wetlands, or tributary streams if the expansion extends no further into the required setback area than does any portion of the existing nonconforming structure. Hence, a structure may be expanded laterally, provided that the expansion extends no closer to the water body, tributary stream, or wetland than the closest portion of the existing structure from that water body, tributary stream, or wetland. Included in this allowance are expansions which in-fill irregularly shaped structures.

INDIVIDUAL PRIVATE CAMPSITE

An area of land which is not associated with a campground, but which is developed for repeated camping by only one group not to exceed 10 individuals and which involves site improvements which may include but not be limited to a gravel pad, parking area, fireplace, or tent platform.

INDUSTRIAL

The assembling, fabrication, finishing, manufacturing, packaging or processing of goods, or the extraction of minerals.

INSTITUTIONAL

A nonprofit or quasi-public use, or institution such as a church, library, public or private school, hospital, or municipally owned or operated building, structure or land used for public purposes.

LAND MANAGEMENT ROAD

A route or track consisting of a bed of exposed mineral soil, gravel, or other surfacing materials constructed for, or created by, the passage of motorized vehicles and used primarily for timber harvesting and related activities, including associated log yards, but not including skid trails or skid roads.

LICENSED FORESTER

A forester licensed under 32 M.R.S.A. Chapter 76.

LOT AREA

The area of land enclosed within the boundary lines of a lot, minus land below the normal high-water line of a water body or upland edge of a wetland and areas beneath roads serving more than two lots.

MARINA

A business establishment having frontage on navigable water and, as its principal use, providing for hire offshore moorings or docking facilities for boats, and which may also provide accessory services, such as boat and related sales, boat repair and construction, indoor and outdoor storage of boats and marine equipment, bait and tackle shops and marine fuel service facilities.

MARKET VALUE

The estimated price a property will bring in the open market and under prevailing market conditions in a sale between a willing seller and a willing buyer, both conversant with the property and with prevailing general price levels.

MINERAL EXPLORATION

Hand sampling, test boring, or other methods of determining the nature or extent of mineral resources which create minimal disturbance to the land and which include reasonable measures to restore the land to its original condition.

MINERAL EXTRACTION

Any operation within any twelve-month period which removes more than 100 cubic yards of soil, topsoil, loam, sand, gravel, clay, rock, peat, or other like material from its natural location and to transport the product removed, away from the extraction site.

MINIMUM LOT WIDTH

The closest distance between the side lot lines of a lot. When only two lot lines extend into the Shoreland Zone, both lot lines shall be considered to be side lot lines.

MULTIUNIT RESIDENTIAL

A residential structure containing three or more residential dwelling units.

NATIVE

Indigenous to the local forests.

NON-NATIVE INVASIVE SPECIES OF VEGETATION

Species of vegetation listed by the Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry as being invasive in Maine ecosystems and not native to Maine ecosystems.

NONCONFORMING CONDITION

Nonconforming lot, structure or use which is allowed solely because it was in lawful existence at the time this chapter or subsequent amendment took effect.

NONCONFORMING LOT

A single lot of record which, at the effective date of adoption or amendment of this chapter, does not meet the area, frontage, or width requirements of the district in which it is located.

NONCONFORMING STRUCTURE

A structure which does not meet any one or more of the following dimensional requirements; setback, height, or lot coverage, but which is allowed solely because it was in lawful existence at the time this chapter or subsequent amendments took effect.

NONCONFORMING USE

Use of buildings, structures, premises, land or parts thereof which is not allowed in the district in which it is situated, but which is allowed to remain solely because it was in lawful existence at the time this chapter or subsequent amendments took effect.

NORMAL HIGH-WATER LINE

That line which is apparent from visible markings, changes in the character of soils due to prolonged action of the water or changes in vegetation, and which distinguishes between predominantly aquatic and predominantly terrestrial land. Areas contiguous with rivers and great ponds that support nonforested wetland vegetation and hydric soils and that are at the same or lower elevation as the water level of the river or great pond during the period of normal high water are considered part of the river or great pond.

OUTLET STREAM

Any perennial or intermittent stream, as shown on the most recent highest resolution version of the national hydrography dataset available from the United States Geological Survey on the website of the United States Geological Survey or the national map, that flows from a freshwater wetland.

PERSON

An individual, corporation, governmental agency, municipality, trust, estate, partnership, association, two or more individuals having a joint or common interest, or other legal entity.

PIERS, DOCKS, WHARVES, BRIDGES AND OTHER STRUCTURES AND USES EXTENDING OVER OR BEYOND THE NORMAL HIGH-WATER LINE OR WITHIN A WETLAND

Temporary: structures which remain in or over the water for less than seven months in any period of 12 consecutive months.

Permanent: structures which remain in or over the water for seven months or more in any period of 12 consecutive months.

PRINCIPAL STRUCTURE

A structure other than one which is used for purposes wholly incidental or accessory to the use of another building or use on the same lot.

PRINCIPAL USE

A use other than one which is wholly incidental or accessory to another use on the same lot.

PUBLIC FACILITY

Any facility, including, but not limited to, buildings, property, recreation areas, and roads, which are owned, leased, or otherwise operated, or funded by a governmental body or public entity.

RECENT FLOODPLAIN SOILS

The following soil series as described and identified by the National Cooperative Soil Survey:

Fryeburg	Hadley	Limerick
Lovewell	Medomak	Ondawa
Alluvial	Cornish	Charles
Podunk	Rumney	Saco
Suncook	Sunday	Winooski

RECREATIONAL FACILITY

A place designed and equipped for the conduct of sports, leisure-time activities, and other customary and usual recreational activities, excluding boat-launching facilities.

RECREATIONAL VEHICLE

A vehicle or an attachment to a vehicle designed to be towed, and designed for temporary sleeping or living quarters for one or more persons, and which may include a pickup camper, travel trailer, tent trailer, camp trailer, and motor home. In order to be considered as a vehicle and not as a structure, the unit must remain with its tires on the ground, and must be registered with the State Division of Motor Vehicles.

REPLACEMENT SYSTEM

A system intended to replace:

An existing system which is either malfunctioning or being upgraded with no significant change of design flow or use of the structure; or

Any existing overboard wastewater discharge.

RESIDENTIAL DWELLING UNIT

A room or group of rooms designed and equipped exclusively for use as permanent, seasonal, or temporary living quarters for only one family at a time, and containing cooking, sleeping and toilet facilities. The term shall include mobile homes and rental units that contain cooking, sleeping, and toilet facilities regardless of the time period rented. Recreational vehicles are not residential dwelling units.

RESIDUAL BASAL AREA

The average of the basal area of trees remaining on a harvested site.

RESIDUAL STAND

A stand of trees remaining in the forest following timber harvesting and related activities.

RIPRAP

Rocks, irregularly shaped, and at least six inches in diameter, used for erosion control and soil stabilization, typically used on ground slopes of two units horizontal to one unit vertical or less.

RIVER

A free-flowing body of water including its associated floodplain wetlands from that point at which it provides drainage for a watershed of 25 square miles to its mouth.

ROAD

A route or track consisting of a bed of exposed mineral soil, gravel, asphalt, or other surfacing material constructed for or created by the repeated passage of motorized vehicles, excluding a driveway as defined.

SAPLING

A tree species that is less than two inches in diameter at 4.5 feet above ground level.

SEEDLING

A young tree species that is less than 4.5 feet in height above ground level.

SERVICE DROP

Any utility line extension which does not cross or run beneath any portion of a water body provided that:

In the case of electric service:

The placement of wires and/or the installation of utility poles is located entirely upon the premises of the customer requesting service or upon a roadway right-of-way; and

The total length of the extension is less than 1,000 feet.

In the case of telephone service:

The extension, regardless of length, will be made by the installation of telephone wires to existing utility poles; or