[HISTORY: Adopted by the City Council of the City of West Haven: Art. I, 9-4-1963 by Ord. No. 21; Art II, 9-4-1963 by Ord. No. 22. Sections 162-28, 162-29A(1) and B(1), 162-31, 162-32B and 162-37 amended at time of adoption of Code; see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I. Other amendments noted where applicable.]
GENERAL REFERENCES
Building construction — See Ch. 81.
Electrical standards — See Ch. 93.
Fire prevention — See Ch. 105.
Housing maintenance and occupancy — See Ch. 127.
Space heaters — See Ch. 202.
[Adopted 9-4-1963 by Ord. No. 21]
A. 
These regulations pertain to oil-burning equipment for installation and repair in furnaces and boilers used for heating dwellings and for various commercial and industrial applications and for the inspection and supervision thereof.
B. 
These regulations are intended to prescribe reasonable provisions for the installation of oil-burning equipment based on minimum requirements for safety to life and property from fire. They cover the installation and repair of oil burners and all equipment connected thereto, including tanks, piping, pumps, control devices and all accessories.
C. 
Where the circumstances of installation are unusual as to render the strict application of these regulations impracticable, the Fire Marshal may permit such modification that will provide an equivalent degree of safety.
A. 
Any person desiring to install or repair oil-burning equipment in the City of West Haven shall be licensed by the Fire Marshal. Before such license shall be issued, the applicant shall file with the Fire Marshal an application, in writing, stating the name and place of business of said applicant and such qualifications as may be required to test the ability of the applicant. Said application shall be accompanied by a fee of $10, payable to the City of West Haven. All licenses shall expire on the first day of July in each year following the date of issuance and may be renewed yearly on or before the first day of August, upon payment of a renewal fee of five $5. Any license may be revoked by the Fire Marshal for violation of any or all provisions of this Article. No license shall be renewed which has expired for a period of more than 30 days; it shall be processed as a new application.
B. 
Under this section, there shall be two classes of licenses issued:
(1) 
Class 1: a license to install oil-burning equipment
(2) 
Class 2: a license to install and service oil-burning equipment.
A. 
Every holder of a license, before installing any oil-burning equipment, shall file in the office of the Fire Marshal in the district where such equipment is to be installed, upon blanks furnished by said office for this purpose, an application for a permit to install said equipment.
B. 
No installation shall be done without a permit from the Fire Marshal of said district. Each permit application shall be accompanied by a fee of $2 for use of said district, payable to the Fire Marshal of said district where such equipment is installed.
No change or modification of plans will be permitted unless such change is submitted and approved by the Fire Marshal of the district in which said equipment is to be installed.
After installation is completed and ready for inspection, the person installing the same shall notify the Fire Marshal's office of that district that work is ready for inspection and shall not leave the oil burner operating until the Fire Marshal or his inspector has approved the installation.
The person to whom the installation permit has been issued shall rectify all mistakes found by the Fire Marshal after inspection before said equipment can be used and shall be responsible for all tank enclosures.
Whenever any oil-burning equipment is such as to render it unfit for use and liable to endanger life or property, the Fire Marshal shall serve written notice upon the person or persons operating or maintaining such equipment requiring such equipment to be repaired or altered so as to remove such dangerous condition. In case of failure of said person or persons to comply fully with such requirements in five days after notice shall have been served, or immediately in cases of imminent danger, said Fire Marshal shall have the power to order and compel the discontinuance of said equipment until such time as the same has been made safe in his judgment.
A. 
Oil burners shall be of an approved type.
B. 
Oil burners for which a competent attendant will not be constantly on duty in the room where the burner is located while the burner is in operation shall be so arranged as to prevent the abnormal discharge of oil at the burner by automatic means approved for the burner with which it is used.
C. 
Automatic means for preventing abnormal discharge.
(1) 
Oil burners for which a competent attendant will be constantly on duty in the room where the burner is located while the burner is operating are not required to be equipped with automatic means for preventing the abnormal discharge of oil at the burner.
(2) 
When automatic means are installed in connection with oil-burning equipment of this type, such automatic devices shall be specifically approved for use with the burner to which they are attached.
D. 
No oil burner of either class, as outlined above, may be installed in the City of West Haven unless approved by the Commissioner of State Police.
E. 
No used oil burner shall be installed unless it has been completely reconditioned.
F. 
All used oil burners approved for installation shall be equipped with new operating and safety controls.
G. 
No oil burner or heating unit shall receive approval unless the manufacturer's name and model designation appear in a legible manner on the burner or unit. The requirements of this section shall apply to both new and used equipment.
A. 
Fuel oil used with burners to which these regulations apply shall have a flash point not less than 100° F. and shall be hydrocarbon oil free from acid, grit and fibrous or other foreign matter likely to clog or injure the burner or valves. The flash point shall be determined by the Pensky-Martens closed tester, in accordance with the method of test adopted by the American Society for Testing and Materials (Designation D93-22), except that the tag closed tester (Designation D56-21) shall be used in cases of dispute concerning oils having a flash point in the vicinity of 100° F.
B. 
The grade of fuel oil used with any burner shall be one which tests and experience have shown to be suitable for use with the type of burner used.
A. 
Gravity feed shall be used only with burners arranged to prevent abnormal discharge of oil at the burner by automatic means specifically approved for the burner with which it is used.
B. 
Gravity supply tanks shall not exceed 275 gallons' individual capacity. Where more than one tank is used, such tanks shall be connected to the feed pipe through a manually operated three-way valve in such a way that only one tank can discharge its contents at a time.
C. 
Where oil is supplied to the burner by gravity and a constant-level device is not incorporated in the assembly or in an auxiliary tank used in connection with the automatic pump, an approved constant-level device shall be installed in the oil-feed line at the gravity tank or as close thereto as practicable to ensure uniform delivery of oil to the burner. The vent opening of such constant-level device shall be connected by piping or tubing to the gravity tank vent pipe.
Pressure tank feed shall be used only with burners arranged to prevent abnormal discharge of oil at the burner by automatic means specifically approved for the burner with which it is used. Pressure tanks shall not exceed a capacity of 60 gallons and shall not be operated at pressures exceeding 50 pounds per square inch. Pressure tanks shall be equipped with a reliable gauge.
A. 
Oil supply tanks should be located outside of buildings and underground, with the top of the tank below the level of all piping to which it is connected to prevent discharge of oil through broken pipe or syphonage.
B. 
Underground tanks shall be so buried as to have a cover of earth not less than two feet thick or shall be covered with not less than one foot of earth, upon the top of which shall be placed a slab of concrete not less than four inches thick. The slab shall be set on a firm, well-tamped earth foundation and shall extend at least one-foot beyond in all directions. Where tanks are underneath buildings, such concrete slab shall be provided in all instances.
A. 
Oil supply tanks larger than 60 gallons' capacity shall not be located in buildings above the lowest story, cellar or basement.
B. 
Unenclosed inside storage tanks and auxiliary tanks shall not be located within seven feet horizontally of any fire or flame.
C. 
Oil supply tanks located inside buildings shall not exceed 275 gallons' individual capacity. Where more than one tank is located in any building, a distance of not less than 15 feet between each of said tanks must exist, otherwise one of said tanks must be enclosed in a casing constructed as follows: The walls of the enclosure shall be constructed of reinforced concrete at least six inches thick or of brick at least eight inches thick and shall be bonded to the floor. The space between the tank and the enclosure shall be filled with sand or well-tamped earth. Where the floor or other construction immediately above the tank is of fire-resistive construction capable of safely sustaining a load of 150 pounds per square foot, the walls of the enclosure shall be carried to a height of not less than one foot above the tank and the space filled with sand or well-tamped earth to the top; otherwise, the enclosure shall have a top of reinforced concrete at least five inches thick or of equivalent construction. Instead of an enclosure as described above, the tank may be encased in reinforced concrete not less than six inches thick applied directly to the tank so as to completely eliminate an air space.
D. 
In ordinary buildings, the nominal gross capacity of the tanks shall not exceed 5,000 gallons.
E. 
In fire-resistive buildings, the nominal gross capacity shall not exceed 15,000 gallons.
F. 
In any building, if in a fire-resistive or detached room cut off vertically or horizontally in an approved manner from other floors of the main building, the nominal gross capacity of tanks shall not exceed 50,000 gallons, with the individual tank capacity not exceeding 25,000 gallons.
A. 
Outside aboveground tanks shall not be located in closely builtup areas.
B. 
Outside aboveground supply tanks shall be completely enclosed with masonry construction.
C. 
The distance from outside aboveground tanks to the line of adjoining property or the nearest building shall not be less than that set forth in the table below:
Capacity of Tank
(gallons)
Minimum Distance
(feet)
750 or less
5
1,100 or less
10
3,000 or less
20
21,000 or less
25
31,000 or less
30
45,000 or less
40
64,000 or less
50
80,000 or less
60
128,000 or less
75
200,000 or less
85
226,000 or less
100
400,000 or less
150
666,000 or less
250
1,333,000 or less
300
2,660,000 or less
350
A. 
Underground tanks shall be set on a firm foundation and surrounded with soft earth and sand well tamped into place. Where necessary to prevent floating, they shall be securely weighted and anchored.
B. 
Inside storage or auxiliary tanks shall be securely supported by substantially noncombustible supports to prevent settling, sliding or lifting.
C. 
Inside tanks shall be installed with the bottom pitching to the drawoff or drain opening with a slope of not less than 1/4 inch per foot. The drawoff or drain opening shall be provided with suitable piping connections in a form to provide a sump from which water or sediment can be drained.
D. 
Outside aboveground tanks shall be set on a firm foundation. Those more than one foot aboveground shall be supported on masonry or steel, except that wooden cushions may be used. No combustible material may be stored under or within 10 feet of outside aboveground tanks.
A. 
Underground tanks and tanks in buildings.
(1) 
Underground tanks and tanks in buildings shall be constructed of steel or wrought iron of a minimum gauge (United States standard) in accordance with the following table, except that tanks of 181 to 275 gallons' capacity installed in buildings without masonry enclosures shall be No. 14 steel or wrought iron.
Capacity
(gallons)
Minimum Thickness
Weight
(pounds per square foot)
7 to 285
16 gallons
2.50
286 to 560
14 gallons
3.125
561 to 1,160
12 gallons
4.375
1,001 to 4,000
7 gallons
7.50
4,001 to 12,000
1/4 inch
10.00
12,001 to 20,000
5/16 inch
12.50
20,001 to 30,000
3/8 inch
15.00
NOTE: For tanks larger than 1,100 gallons' capacity, a tolerance of 10% is permitted.
(2) 
If adequate internal bracing is provided, tanks of 12,001 to 30,000 gallons' capacity may be built of a one-fourth-inch plate.
B. 
Outside aboveground tanks, including tops, shall be constructed of steel or wrought iron of a thickness in accordance with the following requirements:
(1) 
Horizontal or vertical tanks not over 1,100 gallons' capacity.
Capacity
(gallons)
Minimum Thickness
(gallons)
1 to 60
18
61 to 350
16
351 to 560
14
561 to 1,100
12
(2) 
Horizontal tanks over 1,100 gallons' capacity. Tanks having a diameter of not over six feet shall be made of at least three-sixteenths-inch steel or wrought iron. Tanks of over six feet and less than 11 1/2 feet shall be of at least 1/4 inch steel or wrought iron.
(3) 
Vertical tanks of over 1,100 gallons' capacity.
(a) 
The minimum thickness of the shell or bottom shall be 3/16 inch and the minimum thickness of the roof shall be 1/8 inch. The thickness of the shell plates shall be in accordance with the following formula:
H x D
Where
T
=
8,450 x E
T
=
The thickness of the plate, in inches.
H
=
The height of the tank, in feet, above the bottom of the ring under construction.
D
=
The diameter of the tank, in feet.
E
=
The efficiency of the vertical joint ring under construction.
(b) 
In computing the efficiency of vertical joints, the tensile strength of steel shall be taken as 55,000 pounds per square inch and the shearing strength of rivets as 40,000 pounds per square inch (NOTE: Vertical steel tanks with riveted shells constructed in accordance with American Petroleum Institute Standard No. 12-A may be considered as meeting the above requirements.)
C. 
All connections to storage tanks other than outside aboveground tanks shall be made through the top of the tank above liquid level, except that tanks of not over 275 gallons' capacity may have one bottom connection for gravity feed and one opening for an approved key stem gate valve to facilitate cleaning or for a scavenging line to be run to the outside and capped tight when not in use.
D. 
Pressure tanks shall be equipped with an automatic relief valve piped to discharge outside of buildings.
E. 
Vent openings on outside aboveground tanks shall be provided with approved flame arrestors.
A. 
Storage tanks shall (except for hydraulic or inert gas systems) be equipped with an open vent or an approved, automatically operated vent arranged to discharge to the open air. Vent openings and vent pipes shall be of ample size to prevent abnormal pressure in the tank during filling but not smaller than one-and-one-fourth-inch pipe size for tanks up to and including 500 gallons' capacity.
B. 
Vent pipes shall terminate outside of buildings. The outer end of vent pipes shall be provided with a weatherproof hood. Vent pipes should terminate sufficiently aboveground to prevent their being obstructed with snow and ice and, in any event, not less than four feet.
C. 
Vent pipes shall not be cross-connected with full pipes or return from the burner.
A. 
Storage tanks other than outside aboveground tanks shall be filled only through fill pipes terminating outside of buildings at least two feet from any building opening at the same or lower level. Fill terminals shall be closed tight when not in use by a metal cover designed to prevent tampering.
B. 
Auxiliary tanks other than vacuum tanks shall be equipped with an overflow pipe draining to the storage tank at least one size larger than the supply tank.
C. 
Auxiliary tanks shall be filled by pumping from storage tanks.
D. 
Cross-connections permitting gravity flow from one tank to another shall be prohibited.
E. 
Overflow pipes of auxiliary gravity tanks shall have no valves or obstructions. Overflow pipes of auxiliary pressure tanks shall be provided with interconnected valves or other means for automatically venting the tank during filling.
F. 
Any person delivering oil into an unpiped storage tank shall be in violation of this section.
A. 
All tanks in which a constant level is not maintained by automatic pump shall be equipped with an approved method of determining the oil level.
B. 
Test wells shall not be installed inside buildings and, where permitted for outside service, shall be closed tight when not in use and protected by a metal cover designed to prevent tampering.
C. 
Gauging devices such as liquid-level indicators or signals shall be installed so that oil vapor will not be discharged into buildings from the fuel-supply system.
A. 
Oil pumps shall be of an approved type, secure against leaks and rigidly fastened in place.
B. 
In isolated locations where fire-protection equipment is dependent upon a heating plant fired by an oil burner, oil pumps shall be installed in duplicate.
C. 
Pumps used in connection with the supply and discharge of outside aboveground tanks shall be located outside of embankments or dikes surrounding the tanks and at such a point that they will be accessible at all times, even if the oil tank is on fire.
A. 
All tank piping shall be of standard wrought iron, steel or brass with standard fittings.
B. 
Pipe used in the installation of domestic-type burners shall not be smaller than three-eighths-inch iron pipe size. Pipe used in the installation of industrial-type burners shall not be smaller than one-half-inch iron pipe size. Copper or brass tubing shall not be smaller in size than the equivalent in iron pipe size mentioned above, with wall thicknesses not less than 0.049 inch. Flexible metal hose shall be installed in accordance with the limitations of its approval.
C. 
Piping shall be rigidly secured in place and protected from injury in a workmanlike manner and, where necessary, be protected against corrosion. Where practicable, oil piping shall be buried underground or in a concrete floor or placed in a metal-covered pipe trench. Oil piping preferably should not be located close to other piping or in the same trench as other piping, except steam or hot-water lines intended for heating the oil.
D. 
Pipe joints and connections shall be tight in a workmanlike manner. Unions and tubing fittings shall be of an approved type. Unions requiring packings or gaskets and right and left couplings shall not be used in oil lines.
E. 
Proper allowance shall be made for expansion, contraction, jarring and vibration. Pipelines other than tubing connected to underground tanks, except fill lines and test wells, shall be provided with double swing joints arranged to permit the tank to settle without impairing the efficiency of the pipe connections.
F. 
Where storage tanks are set below the level of the burner, the oil piping shall be so laid as to pitch toward the tank without traps.
G. 
Openings for pipes through outside walls below ground level shall be oil-tight by securing packing with flexible material.
H. 
Oil supply lines to burners shall be provided with approved filters.
I. 
In all oil supply lines from all types of storage tanks, there shall be installed two fusible link shutoff valves. One valve shall be as close to the supply tank as possible, while the second valve shall be located at the burner. In oil supply lines from storage tanks located outside buildings, the valve shall be located in the oil line at the inner wall of the building. Such fusible links shall be attached to the automatic shutoff valve so as to operate at a temperature of 160° F.
Preheating of oil, where necessary, shall be done by steam, hot water or approved electric heaters. Heaters shall be substantially constructed with all joints made oil-tight. Thermometers shall be installed at suitable locations to indicate the temperature of heated oil. Heaters shall be bypassed or provided with suitable means to prevent abnormal pressure.
All tanks must be approved by the Fire Marshal. No tanks shall be installed unless bearing the manufacturer's label or the label of the Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc.
A. 
Oil-burning equipment shall be provided with some means of manually stopping the flow of oil to the burner. This may be accomplished by the installation of a quick closing valve in the oil supply line.
B. 
With electrically driven equipment, three disconnecting switches shall be installed in the motor supply circuit. One switch shall be located at the head of the basement or cellar stairs, the second at the entrance to the room in which the burner is located and the third switch to be located at the burner.
C. 
Automatically operated oil burners used in connection with hot-water, steam or hot-air heating systems shall be equipped with automatic devices to shut down the burner in the event of undue pressure in a steam boiler or overheating in a hot-water or hot-air system.
D. 
Limiting controls and low-water cutoffs intended to disconnect the burner from electric power supply should be connected into the burner supply circuit on the supply side of all other burner circuits.
E. 
When automatic oil burners are used in installations equipped with forced or induced draft fans, or both, means shall be provided to immediately shut off the oil supply upon fan failure.
F. 
All servicemen shall report to the Fire Marshal of the respective district any defective control or unsafe condition that an owner refuses to repair or correct.
Electric wiring and equipment in connection with oil-burning equipment shall be installed in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed in the Electric Ordinance of the City of West Haven.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: For the West Haven Electrical Code, see Ch. 93, Electrical Standards.
A. 
Oil burners shall be securely installed in a workmanlike manner, in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer, by qualified mechanics making such installations.
B. 
Where oil burners are installed in heating plants originally designed for solid fuel, the ash door should be removed or ventilation otherwise provided to prevent the accumulation of vapors in the ash pit, unless the burner is the type that automatically purges the ash pit.
C. 
Boilers and furnaces in which oil burners are installed shall be connected to flues having sufficient draft at all times to assure safe operation of the burner. Smoke pipe dampers, if any, shall be such that they cannot close off more than 80% of the internal cross-section area of the smoke pipe.
D. 
Rooms in which oil burners are located shall be provided with adequate ventilation to assure complete combustion of the oil.
E. 
Acceptance tests should be conducted where more than one burner is installed in a single combustion chamber or one burner is adapted to two or more combustion chambers, to make sure the automatic devices for preventing abnormal discharge of oil at the burner will function properly in event of failure of one or more units to ignite on starting or in the event of flame extinguishment of one or more units during operation.
F. 
Complete instructions for the care and operation of the oil burner shall be posted near the oil burner and maintained in a readable condition.
G. 
Contractors installing industrial burner systems shall furnish diagrams or written instructions showing the main oil lines and control valves, one of which shall be posted near the burner at a point accessible in case of fire at the burner.
Any person who shall violate any provisions of these regulations shall be fined not more than $25 for each such offense.
[Adopted 9-4-1963 by Ord. No. 22]
No person, firm or corporation shall manufacture, refine or keep or engage in the business of selling, peddling or delivering any flammable and combustible liquids or carry or sell them from stores, service stations or motor vehicles without first having obtained a license from the City of West Haven.
[1]
Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code; see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I.
A. 
License to manufacture, sell or deal.
(1) 
The fee for a license to manufacture, sell or deal at wholesale in any or all of the products listed in § 162-28 shall be $25.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code; see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I.
(2) 
Each such license shall expire on the first day of July succeeding the date of issuance.
B. 
Retail license.
(1) 
The fee for a retail license shall be $5 for each such store, service station or motor vehicle for each year or portion thereof, unless revoked for violations of this Article.[2]
[2]
Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code; see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I.
(2) 
Each such license shall expire on the first day of July succeeding the date of issuance.
Each person, firm or corporation licensed shall, in selling, peddling or delivering such oil, conspicuously place in such store, service station or motor vehicle a license issued by the City of West Haven bearing the number of the license and the year the license is in force and with the word "petroleum" thereon.
All tanks and equipment attached to motor vehicles used for the purpose of keeping for sale, delivery or transportation petroleum, petroleum products or other flammable material shall conform to the regulations of the Connecticut Fire Safety Code and to the regulations of the Fire Department concerning fire prevention and safety.
[1]
Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code; see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I. For the Fire Prevention Code of the City of West Haven, see Ch. 105, Fire Prevention.
A. 
No person shall keep, store or use kerosene, range or fuel oil in any building for any purpose without a permit from the Fire Marshal of the district where said kerosene, range or fuel oil is kept, stored or used.
B. 
The fee for each permit shall be $5, and it may be revoked for violations of this Article.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code; see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I.
C. 
Each such permit shall expire on the first day of July succeeding the date of issuance.
A. 
Approved tanks containing kerosene, range or fuel oil may be placed in the cellar or other approved place on the premises, but no such tank shall exceed 60 gallons' capacity for each apartment, and such tanks shall be mounted on noncombustible supports at a location approved by the Fire Marshal of the district where located.
B. 
No fuel oil containers or tanks in greater capacity than five gallons shall be installed in any building used for living purposes as a dwelling house as defined by the Housing Code of the City of West Haven.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: For the Housing Maintenance and Occupancy Code of the City of West Haven, see Ch. 127, Housing Maintenances and Occupancy.
No person shall sell, deliver or peddle kerosene, range or fuel oil in quantities exceeding five gallons without keeping a written record of the same, recording the date of purchase, quantity and address of sale or delivery. These records must be made available to the Fire Marshal at any reasonable time for reference, and in no case shall a delivery of kerosene, range or fuel oil be made in any container or tank in excess of five gallons unless a license card to store said products issued by the Fire Marshal is displayed.
The Fire Marshal shall have the right to test the quality of all products sold or delivered under these regulations by tests as set forth in § 162-9 of this chapter.
Licenses issued under these regulations are not transferable and may be suspended or revoked at any time by the Fire Marshal for a violation of any of the provisions of this Article.
Any person who shall violate any provision of these regulations shall be fined not more than $50 for each such offense.
[1]
Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code; see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I.